LiFePO4/C nanocomposites have been synthesized by solid state reaction using iron oxalate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and lithium carbonate as LiFePO4 precursors while carbon black was used as a ...carbon source. The mixtures were treated in a tubular oven under argon atmosphere at a temperature of 650∘C and time intervals ranging between 2.5 and 1 hour for the three differently obtained samples. The effects of the time and temperature on their synthesis were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and magnetic measurements to determine the valence of iron. Carbon content in the composites was determined by means of EDX and Rietveld refinements.
This phase II study investigated the anti-tumour activity and toxicity of CPT-11 (250 mg/m2 i.v. infusion over 60 minutes) administered every 2 weeks as second-line chemotherapy in patients with ...advanced colorectal cancer (CRC).
Patients (n = 63) with histology diagnosis of advanced CRC and proven resistance to previous fluoropyrimidine therapy were enrolled.
A total of 510 CPT-11 cycles were administered, with a mean of 8 cycles per patient (range: 1-32). The median relative dose intensity was 93%. Partial response (PR) was obtained in 11 patients (17.5%; 95%CI: 8.1%-26.7%) and 29 patients (46.0%) showed stable disease (clinical benefit of 63.5%). The median duration of response was 6.8 months (95%CI: 6.1-7.5 months), median survival was 8.8 months (95%CI: 6.3-11.5 months) and median time to disease progression was 4.5 months (95%CI: 3.9-5.0 months). Overall, this schedule of CPT-11 chemotherapy was well tolerated by the patient. Neutropenia was the most frequent grade 3/4 haematological toxicity (20.6% of patients and 4.1% of cycles). Neutropenia with concurrent fever or infection occurred in 7 patients (11.1%). Late onset diarrhoea was the most frequent grade 3/4 non-haematological toxicity (19.0% of patients and 2.3% of cycles). Other, lower-incidence, toxicities were anaemia, fever, infection, mucositis, nausea and vomiting. There were no toxic deaths.
We found that CPT-11, administered as 250 mg/m2 i.v. infusion over 60 minutes every 2 weeks, was active and well tolerated schedule in the second-line chemotherapy of advanced CRC patients. This bi-weekly scheme could be used as an alternative to the weekly or the every-three-week schedule as well as in combined therapies with other chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of advanced, metastatic, CRC.
Describimos cómo se aplican a la asistencia sanitaria los conocimientos en cáncer hereditario dentro. El Consejo Genético es el proceso de información llevado a cabo en Unidades de Consejo Genético ...en las que se estima el riesgo individual de mutación y de cáncer, se realizan pruebas genéticas autorizadas mediante Consentimiento Informado, se entrega el resultado y se recomiendan medidas de seguimiento y reducción de riesgo. El test genético se ofrecerá si existe un gen susceptible de estudio, y es posible interpretar su resultado para ayudar al diagnóstico del síndrome hereditario así como para el manejo médico-quirúrgico del individuo en riesgo. Es imprescindible que se haga en el contexto del Consejo Genético antes y después de la prueba. Palabras clave: Cáncer hereditario, consejo genético, Unidades de Consejo Genético, test genético. We describe the Genetic Counseling as the translation of the hereditary cancer knowledge to the clinical practice. Genetic counseling is a process for information, which takes place at the Genetic Counseling Units, where individual cancer risk and mutation risk are estimated, genetic tests are performed authorized through the Informed Consent Document, the genetic test's results are discussed, and screening and risk reducing strategies are recommended. The genetic test is offered when there is a suitable gene for the study, with meaningful results for the diagnosis of the hereditay syndrome and for the medical and surgical management of individuals at risk. It is essential that the genetic test be done within the Genetic Counseling before and after the test. Key words: Hereditary cancer, genetic counseling, Genetic Counseling Units, genetic test.
We describe the Genetic Counseling as the translation of the hereditary cancer knowledge to the clinical practice. Genetic counseling is a process for information, which takes place at the Genetic ...Counseling Units, where individual cancer risk and mutation risk are estimated, genetic tests are performed authorized through the Informed Consent Document, the genetic test?s results are discussed, and screening and risk reducing strategies are recommended. The genetic test is offered when there is a suitable gene for the study, with meaningful results for the diagnosis of the hereditay syndrome and for the medical and surgical management of individuals at risk. It is essential that the genetic test be done within the Genetic Counseling before and after the test.
It is estimated that 5-10% of breast cancers have an hereditary origin, germline mutations of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes causing a predisposition. In the present study we analyzed BRCA1 and BRCA2 ...mutations in moderate to high risk breast cancer patients in order to find out the types and frequency of these mutations in the Spanish regional community of Castilla y León.
We studied 207 moderate to high risk patients from 153 selected families. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood and analyzed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction-heteroduplexes-conformation sensitive gel electrophoresis (multiplex PCR-HA-CSGE). All variants detected were sequenced to further verify the mutation.
45 alterations (23 in BRCA1 and 22 in BRCA2) were identified in 74 families (48.4%), corresponding to 13 polymorphisms (29 families), 19 unclassified variants (26 families) of which 9 have not been previously described and 13 cancer-prone mutations (19 families; 12.42% of all families). Eight out of the 19 deleterious mutations (42.1%) were detected in the BRCA1 gene and 11 (57.9%) in the BRCA2 gene. The most prevalent mutation was 3036delACAA, which was detected in four unrelated families.
The high proportion of mutations, polymorphisms and unclassified variants we have detected may be the result of the sensitive procedure and the risk selection criteria used in this study. There is a high proportion of unclassified variants. Their role in the disease must be clarified through more studies, including their typing in control samples.
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