Avanzado el gobierno de Porfirio Díaz en México, la relación EstadoIglesia intenta consolidarse en un pacto oficial a través de una serie de intentos de la Santa Sede por reanudar sus relaciones ...diplomáticas con el gobierno mexicano. El presente análisis añade algunos elementos para abordar ese problema, en la circunstancia del proceso de romanización de la Iglesia mexicana.
Pseudomonas fluorescentes y Bacillus spp. se encuentran entre las bacterias con mayor potencial para el control biológico de enfermedades en plantas. Los objetivos de esta investigación fueron: i) ...identificar especies de Pseudomonas fluorescentes y Bacillus de la rizósfera de agaves silvestres antagonistas de bacterias pectinolíticas, y ii) detectar la presencia de genes para la biosíntesis de lipopéptidos antimicrobianos (AMPs) en las cepas antagonistas. Se evaluó el índice de eficiencia antagonista (IEA) in vitro de 109 cepas de Pseudomonas fluorescentes y 119 de Bacillus spp. aisladas de la rizósfera de agaves silvestre contra cinco cepas bacterianas pectinolíticas de los géneros Pectobacterium y Dickeya. Por PCR, las bacterias antagonistas se identificaron por secuenciación del gen 16S rRNA y se detectaron los genes AMPs: fenD (fengicina), ituC (iturina), srfAA (surfactina), y bmy (bacilomicina) para Bacillus spp.; prnD (pirrolnitrina) y phlD (2,4 diacetilfloroglucinol) para Pseudomonas fluorescentes con iniciadores específicos. Los resultados del IEA in vitro resultó en la selección de 25 cepas antagonistas contra una o más bacterias pectinolítcas. La comparación de las secuencias del gen 16S rRNA identificaron 11 (44%) cepas en el género Bacillus y 14 (56%) en Pseudomonas con similitud entre el 97 y 100%. Entre las especies de Bacillus y Pseudomonas, la mayoría albergó entre dos a cuatro genes AMPs. Los genes ItuC, srfAA y phlD fueron de mayor frecuencia en todas las cepas antagonistas; en las cepas Bacillus subtilis (9B14) y Pseudomonas fluorescens (G3, D4 y H6) se detectaron todos los genes evaluados.
Tropomyosin-related kinase (TRK) receptor B (TRKB) mediates the supportive actions of neurotrophin 4/5 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor on early ovarian follicle development. Absence of TRKB ...receptors reduces granulosa cell (GC) proliferation and delays follicle growth. In the present study, we offer mechanistic insights into this phenomenon. DNA array and quantitative PCR analysis of ovaries from TrkB-null mice revealed that by the end of the first week of postnatal life, Jagged1, Hes1, and Hey2 mRNA abundance is reduced in the absence of TRKB receptors. Although Jagged1 encodes a NOTCH receptor ligand, Hes1 and Hey2 are downstream targets of the JAGGED1-NOTCH2 signaling system. Jagged1 is predominantly expressed in oocytes, and the abundance of JAGGED1 is decreased in TrkB−/− oocytes. Lack of TRKB receptors also resulted in reduced expression of c-Myc, a NOTCH target gene that promotes entry into the cell cycle, but did not alter the expression of genes encoding core regulators of cell-cycle progression. Selective restoration of JAGGED1 synthesis in oocytes of TrkB−/− ovaries via lentiviral-mediated transfer of the Jagged1 gene under the control of the growth differentiation factor 9 (Gdf9) promoter rescued c-Myc expression, GC proliferation, and follicle growth. These results suggest that neurotrophins acting via TRKB receptors facilitate early follicle growth by supporting a JAGGED1-NOTCH2 oocyte-to-GC communication pathway, which promotes GC proliferation via a c-MYC-dependent mechanism.
REMO I Robot is a novel application of a parallel structure as an underwater robot of 6 DoF. Compared to other underwater robots, navigation of REMO I Robot is performed by the capability of its ...parallel structure to modify its geometric structure (thruster and front ring) and to displace by itself. This kinematic property of the parallel platform allows vectorial formation of thrusting forces to take place. Remo I Robot has just one single thruster in its rear ring, therefore the vectorial navigation gives maneuverability, flexibility, and holonomic capabilities for its navigation and positioning. The latter is important for intervention and manipulation tasks. That is why it gives a solid alternative when compared to traditional submarine robots such as shown in the simulation results and experiments performed using a real prototype. In conclusion, this paper proposes a conceptual frame for the development of underwater parallel robots. Moreover, it also points out the experience acquired from the development of the underwater Remo I Robot.
► Parallel robots. ► Robot control. ► Kinematic and dynamical model. ► Teleoperation.
Cognitive dysfunction is regarded as one of the most severe aftereffects following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Eye movements, controlled by various brain regions, including the dorsolateral ...prefrontal cortex and frontal-thalamic circuits, offer a potential metric for evaluating cognitive dysfunction. We aimed to examine the utility of eye movement measurements in identifying cognitive impairments in long COVID patients.
We recruited 40 long COVID patients experiencing subjective cognitive complaints and 40 healthy controls and used a certified eye-tracking medical device to record saccades and antisaccades. Machine learning was applied to enhance the analysis of eye movement data.
Patients did not differ from the healthy controls regarding age, sex, and years of education. However, the patients' Montreal Cognitive Assessment total score was significantly lower than healthy controls. Most eye movement parameters were significantly worse in patients: the latencies, gain, and velocity of visually and memory-guided saccades, the number of correct memory saccades, the latencies and duration of reflexive saccades, and the number of errors in the antisaccade test. Machine learning permitted distinguishing between long COVID patients experiencing subjective cognitive complaints and healthy controls.
Our findings suggest impairments in frontal subcortical circuits in long COVID patients experiencing subjective cognitive complaints. Eye-tracking, combined with machine learning, offers a novel, efficient way to assess and monitor long COVID patients' cognitive dysfunctions, suggesting its utility in clinical settings for early detection and personalized treatment strategies. Further research is needed to determine the long-term implications of these findings and the reversibility of cognitive dysfunctions.
Antecedentes: El estudio PLATINO realizado en la Ciudad de México (2003) mostró una prevalencia de EPOC de 7.8%. México no cuenta con información publicada sobre gastos directos e indirectos en salud ...que realizan los pacientes con EPOC. Objetivo: Estimar los costos directos e indirectos de pacientes con EPOC en un hospital de tercer nivel en México. Material y métodos: Se entrevistó a pacientes con EPOC en cada consulta ambulatoria durante un año. En la entrevista basal preguntamos por los gastos de bolsillo del año previo al reclutamiento. Asimismo, se registraron los costos para el hospital. En este trabajo analizamos los costos anuales en dólares de 2014 previos al reclutamiento de pacientes ambulatorios con ≥ 12 meses de diagnóstico estratificando por categorías GOLD. Resultados: Se reclutaron 611 pacientes, de los cuales 484 tuvieron un diagnóstico ≥ 12 meses. La mediana de los costos directos anuales por parte de los pacientes por GOLD fueron: $1,116, leve; $1,533, moderado; $1,825, grave; $2,245, muy grave, que difieren estadísticamente (p < 0.01). Conclusión: Los costos directos se incrementan con la gravedad de la EPOC y se debe principalmente al gasto en medicamentos, oxígeno y alojamiento. Es importante apegarse a una metodología estricta para que los resultados sean comparables.
The interest on developing public health policy interventions to reduce obesity and improve nutrition in last decades has progressively grown as a response to increasing overweight and obesity ...prevalence. ELANS (Estudio Latinoamericano de Nutricion y Salud) or Latin America Study on Nutrition and Health, is a household-based multi-national cross-sectional survey whose aim is to describe the nutritional status of the Latin-American people, and investigate food and nutrients intake as well as physical activity status of nationally representative samples from urban populations. This study evaluated with an unique methodology, a randomized sample with 9218 people (15-65y) in 8 countries simultaneously (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela). Many challenges and barriers to conduct this study arose at the very beginning: the complexity of the selection of team members, communications, inclusion of technical scientific advisors. The requirement of having a common protocol with the same set of data collection tools, involved 15 months of collaborative work. In addition, obtaining ethical approval from 8 different boards plus a centralized external Institutional Review Board (IRB) at a similar range of time became an extra challenge. A Contract Research Organization (CRO), was responsible for the recruitment and data collection. To ensure the feasibility, efficiency and adherence to the study protocol and procedures a pilot study was crucial. A simultaneous fieldwork, under standardized and uniformed conditions of application of questionnaires and measurements required a continuous and exhaustive work from the Coordination Center consisted in two chairs, one co-chair and two project managers. A tight collaboration with each academic/research team was performed. During the fieldwork periodical controls of data quality were carried out and a general consistency after completion of data collection was developed. Specifically, the dietary intake consistency was the most complex: technical support and guidance to all research teams were necessary. From ELANS many lessons were learned regarding the conduction and coordination of a multicenter study: 1- the inclusion of a multidisciplinary team with deep knowledge in specific areas was essential, 2-the key role of a proactive supervision and coordination of an international team allowed the simultaneous developed of the study at every country, 3- designing and following a feasible and realistic protocol required more effort than expected, 4- the value of taking care of local characteristics of each site at the moment of planning and developing the fieldwork allowed to identify and solve local barriers 5- the communication with the CRO and the supervision of its work was critical to ensure data quality. These are a tiny example of many other learnings achieved. The findings of this study will provide scientific information on nutrition and physical activity, and due to strict procedures of data quality control allowing the comparison between the LA countries. It is also a good example of a multi center collaboration study that contributes with learnings and tools for other research teams.
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