Abstract Objective This paper attempts to examine the influence of selected characteristics of household members on how they manage their time as an economic resource. Methodology In order to account ...for the interpenetration of different spheres of people’s activity and preferences regarding their choice, a multiple-equation model, in the form of structural equations, was used. Findings Among the potential determinants of individuals’ time allocation, the following were identified: gender, age, labor force participation, wage rates, the presence of children, education level, and the structure of the household itself, including the presence of a partner. The conclusions, formulated on the basis of the findings, focus on gender inequalities in terms of the time devoted to work and the role of children in shaping the daily activity of adults. Value Added While the presence of a young child primarily results in a decrease in paid-work time and an increase in household work for women, older children tend to help with housework, which mainly results in a reduction in housework for men. It was also observed that taking care of a child by a single person, irrespective of gender, is associated with a significantly greater increase in total domestic work time compared to the situation in households formed by two adults. Recommendations The traditional version of the neoclassical theory describes the demand for market goods and services separately. The new household theory breaks with this dichotomy and shows that consumption decisions cannot be interpreted without also considering the supply of labor, or the time allocation of individuals in general. Work on time allocation is important not only in the context of understanding the determinants of non-market activity and leisure time, but also in research on the valuation of working time. Time use databases combined with monetary budget data are used in analyses of the economics of human resource use and in new methods for estimating consumption among household members. Research on Polish households in this area is the next stage of research work that will be undertaken in the near future.
The article analyses the relationship between investment risk (as measured by the variance of returns or standard deviation of returns) and liquidity risk. The paper presents a method for calculating ...a new measure of liquidity risk, based on the characteristic line. In addition, it is checked what is the impact of liquidity risk to the volatility of daily returns. To describe this relationship dynamic econometric models were used. It was found that there was an econometric relationship between the proposed measure liquidity risk and the variance of returns.
Developed market economies demonstrate a growing interest in issues concerning Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and its effects, confirmed by the sizeable theoretical and empirical literature on ...this issue. A substantial research proves also the positive relation between CSR commitment and financial results of banks in mature markets. However, there is less evidence on CSR existence and its impact in other geographical areas, especially in the research concerning Central and Eastern European Countries (CEEC). In our study we analyze the interrelation between being socially responsible and tangible financial outcome (Corporate Financial Performance—CFP) of banks in the CEEC. The aim is also to empirically verify the relation between efficiency of corporate social-environmental performance (CSP) and the efficiency of CFP for CEEC banks. In our study, we analyze the financial and CSP data of the biggest public banks in CEEC. The researched period is 2012–2016. The empirical part analyzes the interrelation between CSP and CFP based on the panel regression. Moreover, in order to evaluate the CSP efficiency and the CFP efficiency we use the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach. The empirical results reveal that in case of banks in the Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) region being socially responsible is not reflected in the bottom line. The financial condition of the banks also does not impact the CSR engagement. Our study confirms, however, that CEEC banks with better financial efficiency have higher efficiency of CSR activities. The conclusions may lead to the improved decision-making processes concerning CSR activities and their communication in banks in CEEC.
The aim of this paper is to estimate the parameters of the household production function as well as assessing the monetary value of the goods and services produced. The existence of jointness seems ...to be supported not only by sheer intuition, but also by the results of the calculations presented in this study. In order to supplement the statistical material included in the time-use database, data from the surveys on household budgets as well as remuneration structure by occupation were used. The results of the present study are similar to the findings published in other articles in the respect that market goods as inputs in the production process have been found to play a greater role in determining its value than the time spent by spouses. Thus, in the vast majority of cases, the elasticity of production relative to market goods is clearly greater than its elasticity in terms of time expenditure. So, if material inputs in household production are the function of their earnings, the latter will be one of the most important factors differentiating the value of the nonmarket production outputs of individuals.
The automation of manufacturing processes as a result of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, rendered faster under the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic, leads to a question as to whether small ...enterprises, and in particular microenterprises, will still be financially self-sufficient. The literature on the subject so far has not provided an answer to this question, and limited access to financial data concerning microenterprises, as well as data on the robotification of labour in these companies, leads to this problem becoming a research niche. Therefore, this paper aims to assess the attractiveness of the operation of microenterprises that provide financial advisory services in the situation of replacing human labour with robots. For that purpose, we performed a simulation of the state of the microenterprise before and after introducing the robotification of services, taking into account the extra tax on robotification. The findings indicate that anticipating the improvement of financial results following the automation of financial services requires taking into account the replaceability of employees in a particular unit, the form of acquiring a robot and a potential increase in the tax burden (with a tax compensating for the lost state income).
Sustainability performance efficiency in the banking sector Zyznarska-Dworczak, Beata; Fijałkowska, Justyna; Garsztka, Przemysław ...
Economic research - Ekonomska istraživanja,
12/25/2023, Letnik:
36, Številka:
3
Journal Article, Paper
Odprti dostop
Traditional sustainability reporting is based on an internally developed methodology and does not fully cope with the sustainability performance evaluation, especially from an external perspective. ...This study aims to fill this gap by offering a tool that may be used to assess the company's performance based on the results presented to external users. For this purpose, a two-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) is proposed, that enables a comparison of the sustainability performance disclosed in non-financial reports in the banking industry in Poland, Croatia, and Romania. The findings of our study identify differences between the efficiency of sustainability performance in the banking sectors of all three countries. The proposed approach to compare hard-to-compare sustainability performance may significantly contribute to the decision-making process for stakeholders and, therefore, to the advancement of sustainability performance measurement research.
Abstract Purpose This study aims to verify the efficiency of economic, organisational, social and environmental dimensions of sustainability performance. Methodology Disclosure analysis and 2-stage ...data envelopment analysis (DEA) examining the efficiency of sustainability engagement of listed banks in Poland, Croatia, and Romania disclosed in the annual and CSR/sustainability reports for 2015–2018. Findings There are apparent differences between the efficiency of sustainability engagement in the banking sectors of the three countries examined in the study. Banking sectors in all these countries are on different stages of their paths to value creation via the efficiency of sustainability engagement. Practical implications The results of this study may help compare sustainability engagement and understanding of the further directions of sustainable development in the banking sector in both the analysed and other countries, as well as in other institutions from other sectors. These results may be important for the decision-makers in determining the actions focused on improving efficiency on the way to value creation. Originality/value Since only a limited number of studies examine the efficiency of sustainability engagement, especially in CEE countries, little is known about value creation, understood as the efficient use of the resources and activities concerning sustainability. This paper contributes to filling in this gap. It also proposes an alternative approach, analysing the relationship between sustainability engagement and value creation based on efficiency rather than on the direct impact on financial results giving ambiguous results. This approach may be extended to different sectors and other countries.
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