Cells grown on bioactive matrices have immensely advanced many aspects of biomedical research related to drug delivery and tissue engineering. Our main objective was to perform simple evaluation of ...the structural and biotic qualities of cell scaffolds made of affordable biomaterials for liver cell line (HepG2) cultivation in vitro. In this work the electrospun matrix made of synthetic polyester poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) was compared with the natural protein-based extracellular matrix isolated from porcine liver (ECM). Mechanical and structural analysis showed that ECM was about 12 times less resistant to tensile stress while it had significantly larger pore size and twice smaller water contact angle than PCL. Bioactivity assessment included comparison of cell growth and transfection efficiency on cell-seeded scaffolds. Despite the differences in composition and structure between the two respective matrices, the rate of cell spreading and the percentage of transfected cells on both scaffolds were fairly comparable. These results suggest that in an attempt to produce simple, cell carrying structures that adequately simulate the natural scaffold, one can rely on PCL electrospun mats.
U procesima s kulturama životinjskih stanica koristi se medij za uzgoj koji sadrži osnovne nutrijente poput glukoze, amino-kiselina, soli te hormone i faktore rasta iz seruma životinjskog porijekla. ...Zbog nedostataka primjene seruma u procesima s kulturama stanica (npr. rizik prijenosa virusa, varijacije u sastavu, otežana izolacija proizvoda) pristupilo se razvoju medija bez seruma u koje se često dodaju i hidrolizati proteina biljnog porijekla. Hidrolizati sadrže aminokiseline, oligopeptide, lipide, vitamine i ostale spojeve koji potiču proliferaciju i produktivnost stanica u kulturi. U ovom radu dan je kratak pregled priprave i najvažnijih bioloških svojstava proteinskih hidrolizata s naglaskom na primjenu biljnih hidrolizata kao sastojaka medija za uzgoj životinjskih stanica u proizvodnji biofarmaceutika.
Culture media containing essential nutrients like glucose, amino-acids and salts, as well as hormones, growth factors added by animal blood serum is required for bioprocesses with animal cells. Due to the disadvantages of serum use (e.g. risk of virus transmission, variation in composition, complex product isolation), the development of serum-free media supplemented with plant protein hydrolysates took place about two decades ago.The hydrolysates contain amino acids, oligopeptides, lipids, vitamins and other compounds that promote cell culture proliferation and productivity. This paper gives a brief overview of the preparation and the most important biological properties of protein hydrolysates with emphasis on the use of plant hydrolysates as components of animal cell culture media in the production of biopharmaceuticals.
Raša coal, mined on the Istrian Peninsula (NW Croatia) for nearly 400 years up to 1999, is notable for having superhigh organic sulfur, and high levels of selenium, uranium, vanadium, and molybdenum. ...Selenium is the poison responsible for the widespread loss of cattle and sheep. It is essential to human health in trace amounts, but higher concentrations can be harmful. An estimated 4.4.Mt. of coal remains underground within marine carbonate rocks. The study area belongs to the coastal karst of the Adriatic Sea. Several abandoned coal-mine discharges (CMDs) were released into local streams and the Raša Bay for decades. Therefore, the water quality of a natural karst spring (Fonte Gaja), the Raša Bay seawater, municipal wastewater, and the Raša CMDs were investigated, focusing on sulfur, selected metal(loid)s (major, minor, and trace), radioactivity, and cytotoxicity. The Fonte Gaja spring water, unrelated to the Raša CMD, served as a reference. Its values of Se, U, V, and Mo (µg/L) were as follows: 1.09, 0.75, 1.37, and 2.04, respectively. However, the respective levels (µg/L) were increased in the rest of the water samples as follows: 10.9, 10.8, 4.60, and 33.1. Water sulfate levels were low though. Total beta activities of the CMDs and Raša Bay water were 235 and 1320 Bq/m3, respectively, below the guideline level of 2000 Bq/m3. The cytotoxicity of water samples on the RTG-2 fish cells was not statistically significant. The large volumes of water involved mean the transport of rather large amounts of Se and U, and their deposition in the Adriatic Sea. Due to the complexity of the karst hydrogeology, knowledge of Se and U circulation patterns is highly needed.
Proizvodnja cjepiva protiv gripe - dosezi i izazovi Slivac, Igor; Buljubašić, Ena; Gaurina Srček, Višnja ...
Hrvatski časopis za prehrambenu tehnologiju, biotehnologiju i nutricionizam,
01/2021, Letnik:
15, Številka:
3-4
Journal Article
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Gripa (ili influenca) je virusna, infektivna i respiratorna bolest koja godišnje zarazi do milijardu ljudi diljem svijeta. Pojavljuje se svake godine kao sezonska gripa, no u povijesti se svakih ...nekoliko desetaka godina javljala i kao pandemija. Njezin nepovoljan učinak na pojedinca i
društvo može se spriječiti upotrebom cjepiva, tj. cijepljenjem. Prvo odobreno cjepivo protiv gripe proizvedeno je u embrioniranom kokošjem jajetu prije skoro 80 godina, a po sličnom tehnološkom načelu proizvode se i današnja cjepiva. Napredak u razumijevanju stanične biologije te unaprjeđenje proizvodnih postupaka pomoću kulture stanica omogućilo je stručnjacima prijelaz s konvencionalnih na nove, produktivnije i brže proizvodne postupke. U radu se najprije razmatra epidemiloški aspekt gripe, struktura virusa gripe, a zatim dosezi i izazovi u suvremenoj proizvodnji cjepiva protiv gripe. U završnom dijelu ističu se potrebe i trendovi u izradi univerzalnog cjepiva protiv gripe.
Influenza (flu) is a viral, contagious, respiratory disease that annually infects up to a billion people worldwide. It appears each year as a seasonal flu, but through history, it appeared as pandemic illness once in every several decades. Its harmful effects on human health and consequently to the society can be prevented by vaccination. The first approved influenza vaccine was made almost 80 years ago using embryonated hen eggs and the same technology is still in use for most available vaccines today. The development of cell biology and improvement of cell culture manufacturing techniques enabled the transition from conventional to novel, more efficient vaccine production methods. In this work we describe the epidemiology of influenza, influenza virus structure as well as current influenza vaccine manufacturing approaches. A brief overview of universal vaccine development and its urgency is discussed in the final section of the paper.
Over past decades ionic liquids, a promising alternative to traditional organic solvents, have been dramatically expanding in popularity as a new generation of chemicals with potential uses in ...various areas in industry. In the literature these compounds have often been referred to as environmentally friendly; however, in recent years the perception of their greenness dramatically changed as the scientific community began to proactively assess the risk of their application based on the entire life-cycle. This review gives a brief overview of the current knowledge regarding the potential risks linked to the application of ionic liquids – from preparation to their disposal, with special emphasis on their potential environmental impacts and future directions in designing inherently safer ionic liquids.
•Review on the potential risks linked to the application of ionic liquids.•Methods of preparation and (bio)degradation of ionic liquids.•Environmental fate and toxicity of ionic liquids.•Future directions in designing inherently safer ionic liquids.
Green technology meets ecotoxicology Radosevic, Kristina; Cvjetko Bubalo, Marina; Slivac, I. ...
Croatian journal of food science and technology,
12/2016, Letnik:
8, Številka:
2
Journal Article, Paper
Recenzirano
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By applying concept and principles of green chemistry into different technological processes, green technologies are developed. The environmental and economic benefits of “green” approach is achieved ...through several directions, such as the use of renewable raw materials, creation of economic efficiency, the use of alternative reaction conditions, as well as the application of non-conventional solvents. From the point view of green chemistry, alternative solvents, in order to be a “green“ substitution to hazardous organic solvents, should be: non-volatile, non-flammable, stabile, synthesized by an environmentally friendly procedure, nontoxic and biodegradable. The toxic impact of all newly synthesized chemicals, such as alternative solvents, could be determined by methods and techniques of ecotoxicology. Ecotoxicology, an interdisciplinary scientific field, can serve as a way of monitoring the greenness of the processes. In vivo and in vitro experiments are used to study the effects of chemicals on different levels of organizations, from molecules to communities and ecosystem. The usage of in vitro methods is encouraged by a scientific community and regulatory agencies as an alternative to in vivo studies in order to reduce the number of laboratory animals used in the toxicological studies. Therefore, in this paper we gave a brief overview on the usage of animal cell cultures within the field of green chemistry and technology.
We studied the effects of five imidiazolium based ionic liquids with different anions and length of alkyl chains linked to imidazolium ring on the early development of barley (Hordeum vulgare). The ...inhibitory effect depends on the ionic liquids concentration and chemical structure, whereby the most toxic one was C10mimBr, followed by C7mimBr, C4mimBr, C4mimCH3CO2 and C4mimBF4. Both anion and cation structures affected the toxicity of ionic liquid indicating that selection of more biocompatible anions such as CH3CO2 does not necessarily indicate lower toxicity. Alternation in the extent of oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes activities were found in barley plants due to ionic liquid treatments. When seedlings were exposed to higher concentrations of ionic liquids, antioxidant system could not effectively remove reactive oxidative species, leading to lipid peroxidation and damage of the photosynthetic system. However, overall data indicated that the performance of barley seedling was improved when all measured enzymes involved in scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were increased with special emphasis on GPX activities. Since there are no studies about ionic liquid (IL) toxicity in plants, that simultaneously evaluates the antioxidative enzyme system in response to different ILs, this work is valuable for gaining knowledge about the protection mechanism of plants from oxidative stress caused by IL exposure.
•Both anion and cation structure affected the toxicity of IL.•ILs with more biocompatible anion did not lead to lower toxicity.•Alternation in oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes activities were found.•Enhancement in antioxidative defense system leads to better barley performance.
In the present study phenolic grape skin extracts were prepared by using five choline chloride based natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) containing glucose, fructose, xylose, glycerol, malic acid ...and valorised by testing their biological activity in vitro using two human tumour cell lines (HeLa and MCF-7). Initially, used NADESs were investigated regard to their toxicity and low cytotoxicity of solvents was observed toward HeLa and MCF-7 cells (EC50 values > 2000 mg/L). Among used choline chloride based NADESs, the one containing malic acid showed the best performance concerning extraction efficiency (total phenolic and total anthocyanin were 91 and 24 mg/g dw), as well as antioxidant (ORAC values were 371 μmol TE/g dw) and antiproliferative activity (percentage of cell viability were about 20%). Herein, for the first time it was showed that NADES components could be chosen not only to fine-tune solvent physicochemical characteristics but also to enhance biological activity of extracts prepared in NADESs. Therefore, our research confirmed that NADESs are excellent and promising choice of solvents for sustainable and green extraction, which will lead to its novel application in food and pharmaceutical industry.
•Grape skin phenolics were successfully extracted with deep eutectic solvents.•Deep eutectic solvents are more effective as extraction solvents than methanol.•Applied deep eutectic solvents possesses low cytotoxicity toward tumour cell lines.•Proper choice of extraction solvent could enhance plant extract bioactivity.
Plant proteins are receiving a lot of attention due to their abundance in nature, customizable properties, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and bioactivity. As a result of global sustainability ...concerns, the availability of novel plant protein sources is rapidly growing, while the extensively studied ones are derived from byproducts of major agro-industrial crops. Owing to their beneficial properties, a significant effort is being made to investigate plant proteins' application in biomedicine, such as making fibrous materials for wound healing, controlled drug release, and tissue regeneration. Electrospinning technology is a versatile platform for creating nanofibrous materials fabricated from biopolymers that can be modified and functionalized for various purposes. This review focuses on recent advancements and promising directions for further research of an electrospun plant protein-based system. The article highlights examples of zein, soy, and wheat proteins to illustrate their electrospinning feasibility and biomedical potential. Similar assessments with proteins from less-represented plant sources, such as canola, pea, taro, and amaranth, are also described.
•Environmentally friendly polyphenolic extracts from grape and olive pomace were prepared.•Food by-products extracts possess antioxidant activity related with its polyphenolic content.•Extracts ...obtained by NADES have antiproliferative activity toward cancer cell lines.•Grape pomace is a source of DNA and RNA active compounds.•Extracts prepared with NADES probably could be used in products for human consumption.
To establish environmentally friendly polyphenolic extracts from grape and olive pomace, natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) were used coupled with alternative energy sources – ultrasound and microwave irradiation. Obtained extracts were characterized by HPLC analysis, while antioxidant capacity was determined by ORAC method. Furthermore, in vitro cytotoxicity of prepared extracts was assessed by antiproliferation assay on two tumour cell lines, whereas for investigation of type of cell death or cell cycle arrest a flow cytometric analysis was applied. In addition, a detection of compounds with DNA/RNA-bindingaffinity in extracts was investigated by UV/Vis and circular dichroism spectroscopy. Grape pomace extract in NADES showed to be the best of all extracts tested, with regard to extraction of total polyphenolic compounds (p < 0.05) and related biological activities such as antioxidant and antiproliferative activity. Prepared polyphenolic extracts in NADES could be considered as ready-to-use in food and pharmaceutical industry without demanding and expensive downstream purification steps.
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