Located in the northwest of the Lake Van basin, the city of Malazgirt was an important area of the kingdom of Urartu from its earliest period due to its stra- tegic location. Inscriptions of king ...Minua (810–785/80 BCE) mention important construction projects, including fortresses, temples, and irrigation canals, in and around Malazgirt. This article deals with the Urartian presence in Malazgirt, presents new Urartian inscriptions, and considers their significance for historical geography. Particularly important is the Leter stele, which informs us of the correct reading of the name of the irrigation canal built by King Minua—Mezaiani, the antecedent form of Malazgirt. Another stele documents the agricultural activities of King Argišti (780–756 BCE).
•Peri-ictal headache was reported in 105 (13%) patients with idiopathic/genetic epilepsies.•Having ≥3 seizure triggers seems to have an impact on the occurrence of peri-ictal headaches.•Peri-ictal ...headache was associated with lower rates of seizure freedom for more than five years, drug resistance, and use of polytherapy.
There are a handful of studies investigating peri-ictal headache (PIH) and its clinical associations in patients with idiopathic/genetic epilepsies (I/GE). This multi-center study aimed to investigate PIH, which is an ignored comorbid condition in patients with I/GE, by headache experts and epileptologists working together.
The data were collected from a cross-sectional large study, using two structured questionnaires for headache and epilepsy features, fulfilled by neurologists. Headaches were classified according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders, third edition, whereas seizure and syndrome types were diagnosed according to International League Against Epilepsy criteria. The patients with a headache starting 24 hours before the onset of the seizure (preictal) or within 3 hours after the seizure (postictal) were defined as patients with PIH. We compared demographic and clinical differences between two groups of patients with and without PIH statistically and used ROC curves to determine a threshold of the total number of seizure triggers associated with the occurrence of PIH.
Among 809 (531 females, 65.6%) consecutive patients with I/GE, 105 (13%) patients reported PIH (22 preictal, 82 postictal headaches, and one with both types). Peri-ictal headache was more frequently reported by females and those having a family history of migraine or epilepsy, and it was significantly associated with lower rates of seizure freedom for more than five years, drug resistance, and use of polytherapy, remarkably. Moreover, ROC curves showed that having more than 3 seizure triggers was associated with the presence of PIH.
Our findings revealed that PIH may be linked to poor outcomes in I/GEs and seems to be related to a lower ictal threshold precipitated by multiple triggers. Future prospective studies will illuminate the unknown underlying mechanisms and appropriate management strategies for PIH to improve the prognosis.
In this paper, the mixing behavior of two different types of planetary concrete mixers is analyzed and evaluated in terms of homogeneity and granular particle velocity flow regimes. For this, the ...Hertz-Mindlin contact law, constant directional torque, and Simplified Johnson-Kendall-Roberts (SJKR) models are utilized via the Discrete Element Method (DEM). The Lacey mixing index was employed to calculate the mixing degree of granular particles to assess the mixing performance of planetary concrete mixers. Comparing the mixing degree, we have achieved a 45,5% improvement in the mixing period of high-quality homogeneous mixture in the model B mixer.
Migraine and epilepsy are two episodic disorders that share common pathophysiological mechanisms. The aim of our research was to assess the possible shared etiopathogenesis by analyzing the relations ...of headache, and seizure triggers, based on information obtained from a national cohort surveying the headache characteristics of 809 patients who had been diagnosed with idiopathic/genetic epilepsy.
Our study utilized data from a multi-center, nationwide investigation of headaches in 809 patients with idiopathic/genetic epilepsy. Out of these, 508 patients reported complaints related to any type of headache (333 Migraines, 175 Headaches of other types). In the initial phase of the study encompassing the entire sample of 809 epilepsy patients, differences in seizure triggers were assessed between the migraine group (n = 333) and the non-migraine group (n = 476). Additionally, the subsequent part of the study pertains to a subgroup of the entire patient group, namely those affected by all types of headaches (n = 508), and differences in headache triggers were assessed among migraine patients (n = 333) and those with other types of headaches (n = 175). Similar differences were observed between epilepsy patients with and without a family history of epilepsy.
The most frequently reported seizure triggers in all I/GE group (n = 809) were stress (23%), sleep deprivation (22%) and fatigue (18%), respectively. The most frequently reported headache triggers in migraine patients were stress (31%), sleep deprivation (28%), and noise (26%). The occurrence of menstruation-triggered seizures in individuals with migraine and I/GE was found to be considerably higher than those without migraine. The most common triggers for seizure and headache among the individuals with a positive family history of epilepsy were determined to be light stimuli and sleep deprivation.
In conclusion, our study provides valuable insights into the overlapping triggers including sleep patterns, stress levels, and menstrual cycles, etc. and potential shared etiology of migraine and I/GE. Recognizing these connections may facilitate the development of more precise therapeutic strategies and underscore the significance of adopting a holistic, multidisciplinary approach to the management of these intricate neurological conditions. Further research is essential to explore in greater depth the shared mechanisms underpinning these associations and their implications for clinical practice.
•The common triggering factors between I/GE and migraine may indicate a common etiology.•Sleep, stress, and menstrual cycles emerge as prominent candidates indicating a shared pathogenesis.•Photosensitivity stands out as a noteworthy indicator of a common genetic basis for both migraine and I/GE.
A new giant concrete batching plant with the production capacity of 270m3/hr was designed, analyzed and fabricated. In this concrete batching plant, the granular materials used for high-quality ...products must be uniformly mixed to attain a homogenous mixture. For this, the discrete element method (DEM) was utilized to simulate the filling, mixing, and discharging processes. The Hertz-Mindlin, elastic-plastic spring-dashpot and Simplified Johnson-Kendall-Roberts (SJKR) models were used for the interaction rules among granular particles. In the light of the aforementioned models, the first simulation with different particle sizes and the second simulation with monosized particles were realized. In the first simulation, the segregation by percolation and momentum segregation were perceived during the bunker filling stage, as well as the seeded granulation, which occurred in the mixer when the radii of particles were not monosized. Furthermore, in the second simulation, convective, diffusive and shear mixing mechanisms were observed and consequently the quantification of the mixing index was calculated using the lacey and miles statistical methods. At last, the active regions formed in the mixer were investigated by taking the velocity of the particles as reference during the mixing stages as well as the mixture throughput from the transfer chute.
The objective of this study was to develop an electroencephalographic grading scale for evaluating the severity of head trauma and assessing the correlation of this scale with brain tissue lactate ...concentrations.
Animal experiment.
Animal research laboratory in a university hospital.
Thirty New Zealand rabbits were divided into three groups.
Rabbits were anesthetized, and bilateral frontoparietal craniectomy was performed. An electroencephalogram was recorded over the dura from both sides. After electroencephalographic recording, unilateral trauma was produced by using the weight drop method with a calculated force of 400 g.cm and 800 g.cm in group 2 (n = 10) and group 3 (n = 10), whereas in group 1 (n = 10) only craniectomy was performed. Electroencephalographic recording was repeated 60 mins after trauma or craniectomy, and cortical tissue samples were resected from both sides to evaluate tissue lactate concentrations in all three groups.
Electroencephalographic recordings from both sides of the brain were evaluated together by using a 6-point scale (1 = best to 6 = worst) that was based on the presence or absence of electroencephalographic activity and the decrease in amplitude or frequency band of the electroencephalogram. Lactate was measured in resected tissue by using spectrophotometric enzymatic methods. One-way analysis of variance for repeated measures, Bonferroni-adjusted paired Student's -test, Kruskal Wallis analysis of variance, Bonferroni-adjusted Mann-Whitney-U, and Spearman's correlation tests were used as appropriate for statistical analysis. We considered p<.05 to be significant. The difference in lactate concentrations was significant between the three groups ( p<.05). Electroencephalographic grades were significantly different between the pretraumatic and posttraumatic recordings ( p<.05) and between the three groups after craniectomy or trauma ( p<.001). There was a positive high correlation between lactate concentrations and electroencephalographic grades.
Tissue lactate concentrations and electroencephalograhic grades change with the severity of the trauma, and there is a strong positive correlation between tissue lactate concentrations and electroencephalographic grades.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy, tolerability, and retention rates for zonisamide (ZNS) in older adult patients with focal-onset epilepsy.
Chart reviews of patients aged ...60years and older with focal-onset epilepsy treated with ZNS in two tertiary epilepsy centers were analyzed retrospectively.
Eighty-five patients (41 males, 44 females) aged over 60years (range: 60–81) with focal-onset epilepsy treated with ZNS were identified; 55.3% of the patients (n=47) were on monotherapy. The median and average doses of ZNS doses were 200mg/day (range: 100–400) and 212.9±84.2mg/day, respectively. With ZNS treatment, 67.1% of the patients (n=57) were seizure-free for a median of 28months (range: 10–56) whereas 20% (n=17) of the patients had seizures that were unresponsive to ZNS treatment. Best seizure control was achieved in patients with poststroke epilepsy; seizure freedom was 80% in this subgroup.
Overall retention rate was found to be 83.5%. There was no significant relation between receiving poly- or monotherapy and discontinuation of ZNS (p=0.18).
Thirty-two of the patients (37.6%) lost weight. Median weight loss was 8kg (range: 2–16). There was no significant correlation between weight loss and the administered doses of ZNS (r=0.34; p=0.12).
Despite limitations due to the retrospective design of the study, the results show that ZNS is a well-retained drug with high efficacy in older adult patients with epilepsy.
•Epilepsy is the third most common neurologic disease following dementia and stroke in older adults.•Recurrence of seizures is more frequent and mortality is higher in older adults.•Treatment of older epilepsy patients is very important since this group is forming an increasing part of the population.•Age-related physiological changes and co-morbirdities should always be taken into account.
Son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalar sonrası Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nin de içinde bulunduğu Kuzey Mezopotamya’da bulunan Çanak-Çömleksiz Neolitik Dönem yerleşim yerlerinin sayısının artış gösterdiği ve ...bu dönem tasvir sanatı üzerine yeni verilerin elde edildiği görülmektedir. Bu bağlamda yapılan araştırmalarda söz konusu buluntular çoğunlukla sembolizm ve ritüel kavramları etrafında gelişen sosyokültürel öneriler üzerinden yorumlanmaktadır. Yakındoğu neolitikleşme sürecinde sembolik ve ikonografik bağlamda önem teşkil eden buluntuların arasında özellikle insan figürinleri/heykelleri, hayvan figürinleri/heykelleri, figürlü taş objeler, taş vazolar, duvar süslemeleri (boyama, kabartma veya kazıma), taş dikmeler gibi buluntular üzerine birçok yayın ve araştırma bulunmaktadır. Söz konusu araştırmalarda yerleşik yaşama geçişle birlikte, PPNA Dönem, üretilmeye başlayan kemik plaklar üzerine yapılan çalışmalar daha geri planda kalmakla birlikte söz konusu objeler göstermiş oldukları görsel özellikler ve bölgesel çeşitlilikler nedeniyle ayrı bir önem teşkil etmektedir. 2012 ve 2017 yılında Boncuklu Tarla yerleşim yerinde yapılan kazılarda ele geçen bir grup kemik plak bu bağlamda hem tipolojik ve teknolojik hem de söz konusu plakların kullanım alanları üzerine yeni yeni bilgiler vermekte ve yeni bir tartışma açmaktadır.
PDF