During macrofungal surveys in various tropical Sal-dominated (Shorea robusta) forests of West Bengal, we collected specimens of Phylloporus. After careful literature consultation, coupled with ...morphological examinations and molecular phylogenetic analyses with two genes,
the species was found to be conspecific with Phylloporus gajari, which was originally described from tropical Sal forests of Bangladesh. We report P. gajari as a new record from India with detailed morphological description, illustration, 2-locus phylogenetic analyses,
and extensive comparisons with related species.
Since 2007, the quality of
Russula
descriptions has improved and the use of molecular support for species delimitation and the number of published new species has increased. However, the description ...style is not consistent and has regional or author-specific patterns. Most recent publications still favour descriptions of spores compared to hymenium and pileipellis elements, and usually only the spore size is provided with statistical support. This study proposes standards for descriptions of the microscopic structure of
Russula
species (Russulaceae, Agaricomycetes). We present the description template, the template measurements table, the specific terminology and the essential chemical reagents. The proposed standards were tested by mycologists from 11 countries who met at the
Russula
Microscopy Workshop in Slovakia. Descriptions of 26 species from 9 countries and four continents were prepared, among them
R. amarissima
,
R. castanopsidis
,
R. seperina
and
R. subtilis
are re-described and 15 species are introduced as new:
R. abietiphila
,
R. amerorecondita
,
R. aurantioflava
,
R. echidna
,
R. flavobrunnescens
,
R. fluvialis
,
R. fortunae
,
R. garyensis
,
R. gemmata
,
R. laevis
,
R. madrensis
,
R. olivaceohimalayensis
,
R. purpureogracilis
,
R. sancti
-
pauli
and
R. wielangtae
. Seven descriptions for candidate new species are provided without a formal name assignment. Pairwise comparison of species described in this study with available similar descriptions of related species suggests that microscopic characters from all parts of the basidiomata can be equally important for species recognition and they deserve the same treatment including number of measurements and statistics. The majority of recent studies does not recognise differences between the pileus margin and centre, but more than one-third of the species described in this study show distinct differences between the pileus areas, emphasizing the importance to specify the origin of pileipellis observations. This study proved that there is frequently insufficient difference in the ITS barcode between closely related species and that it is necessary to use more genetic markers combined with ecological and geographical data.
In today world of enormous amounts of data, it is very important to extract useful knowledge from it. This can be accomplished by feature subset selection. Feature subset selection is a method of ...selecting a minimum number of features with the help of which our machine can learn and predict which class a particular data belongs to. We will introduce a new adaptive algorithm called Feature selection Penguin Search optimization algorithm which is a metaheuristic approach. It is adapted from the natural hunting strategy of penguins in which a group of penguins take jumps at random depths and come back and share the status of food availability with other penguins and in this way, the global optimum solution is found. In order to explore the feature subset candidates, the bioinspired approach Penguin Search optimization algorithm generates during the process a trial feature subset and estimates its fitness value by using three different classifiers for each case: Random Forest, Nearest Neighbour and Support Vector Machines. However, we are planning to implement our proposed approach Feature selection Penguin Search optimization algorithm on some well known benchmark datasets collected from the UCI repository and also try to evaluate and compare its classification accuracy with some state of art algorithms.
JAK2-V617F-positive chronic myeloproliferative neoplasia (CMN) commonly displays dysfunction of integrins and adhesion molecules expressed on platelets, erythrocytes, and leukocytes. However, the ...mechanism by which the 2 major leukocyte integrin chains, beta.sub.1 and beta.sub.2, may contribute to CMN pathophysiology remained unclear. beta.sub.1 (alpha.sub.4beta.sub.1; VLA-4) and beta.sub.2 (alpha.sub.Lbeta.sub.2; LFA-1) integrins are essential regulators for attachment of leukocytes to endothelial cells. We here showed enhanced adhesion of granulocytes from mice with JAK2-V617F knockin (JAK2.sup.+/VF mice) to vascular cell adhesion molecule 1- (VCAM1-) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1-coated (ICAM1-coated) surfaces. Soluble VCAM1 and ICAM1 ligand binding assays revealed increased affinity of beta.sub.1 and beta.sub.2 integrins for their respective ligands. For beta.sub.1 integrins, this correlated with a structural change from the low- to the high-affinity conformation induced by JAK2-V617F. JAK2- V617F triggered constitutive activation of the integrin inside-out signaling molecule Rap1, resulting in translocation toward the cell membrane. Employing a venous thrombosis model, we demonstrated that neutralizing anti-VLA-4 and anti- beta.sub.2 integrin antibodies suppress pathologic thrombosis as observed in JAK2.sup.+/VF mice. In addition, aberrant homing of JAK2.sup.+/VF leukocytes to the spleen was inhibited by neutralizing anti-beta.sub.2 antibodies and by pharmacologic inhibition of Rap1. Thus, our findings identified cross-talk between JAK2-V617F and integrin activation promoting pathologic thrombosis and abnormal trafficking of leukocytes to the spleen.
JAK2-V617F-positive chronic myeloproliferative neoplasia (CMN) commonly displays dysfunction of integrins and adhesion molecules expressed on platelets, erythrocytes, and leukocytes. However, the ...mechanism by which the 2 major leukocyte integrin chains, ß1 and ß2, may contribute to CMN pathophysiology remained unclear. ß1 (α4ß1; VLA-4) and ß2 (αLß2; LFA-1) integrins are essential regulators for attachment of leukocytes to endothelial cells. We here showed enhanced adhesion of granulocytes from mice with JAK2-V617F knockin (JAK2+/VF mice) to vascular cell adhesion molecule 1- (VCAM1-) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1-coated (ICAM1-coated) surfaces. Soluble VCAM1 and ICAM1 ligand binding assays revealed increased affinity of ß1 and ß2 integrins for their respective ligands. For ß1 integrins, this correlated with a structural change from the low- to the high-affinity conformation induced by JAK2-V617F. JAK2-V617F triggered constitutive activation of the integrin inside-out signaling molecule Rap1, resulting in translocation toward the cell membrane. Employing a venous thrombosis model, we demonstrated that neutralizing anti-VLA-4 and anti-ß2 integrin antibodies suppress pathologic thrombosis as observed in JAK2+/VF mice. In addition, aberrant homing of JAK2+/VF leukocytes to the spleen was inhibited by neutralizing anti-ß2 antibodies and by pharmacologic inhibition of Rap1. Thus, our findings identified cross-talk between JAK2-V617F and integrin activation promoting pathologic thrombosis and abnormal trafficking of leukocytes to the spleen.
Purpose
– The purpose of this exploratory study is to highlight the stages in the relationship which eventually lead to an integrated logistics alliance.
Design/methodology/approach
– The stages ...involved in the evolutionary process have been explained with the help of concepts of mental models and knowledge-related asymmetries. The study has been justified by applying multiple case research design which involves examples of successful logistics alliances.
Findings
– The analysis using case study approach provides a detailed overview how third-party logistics providers develop successful relationships with different industry firms over a period of time which eventually lead to innovations benefiting both the partners.
Research limitations/implications
– In the paper, a qualitative case study methodology has been adopted which is limited in nature when compared to quantitative approach. Nevertheless, the multiple cases discussed in the paper involve organizations from diverse sectors thus providing a holistic perspective and adding value to the current strategic alliance literature.
Practical implications
– The complete understanding of the concepts discussed in this paper will help companies revisit their business strategies and identify areas of improvements in their current engagement practices with third-party logistics providers.
Originality/value
– Many a time, relationships fail to develop into an alliance and research related to the attributes causing these failures might be limited. In the past, though many papers have talked about strategic alliances between third-party logistics providers and customers, little has been discussed about how such relationships evolve into successful strategic alliances.
Glia are of vital importance for all complex nervous system. One of the many functions of glia is to insulate and provide trophic and metabolic support to axons. Here, using glial-specific RNAi ...knockdown in Drosophila, we silenced 6930 conserved genes in adult flies to identify essential genes and pathways. Among our screening hits, metabolic processes were highly represented, and genes involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolic pathways appeared to be essential in glia. One critical pathway identified was de novo ceramide synthesis. Glial knockdown of lace, a subunit of the serine palmitoyltransferase associated with hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathies in humans, resulted in ensheathment defects of peripheral nerves in Drosophila. A genetic dissection study combined with shotgun high-resolution mass spectrometry of lipids showed that levels of ceramide phosphoethanolamine are crucial for axonal ensheathment by glia. A detailed morphological and functional analysis demonstrated that the depletion of ceramide phosphoethanolamine resulted in axonal defasciculation, slowed spike propagation, and failure of wrapping glia to enwrap peripheral axons. Supplementing sphingosine into the diet rescued the neuropathy in flies. Thus, our RNAi study in Drosophila identifies a key role of ceramide phosphoethanolamine in wrapping of axons by glia.
PDF
