The year 2020, has seen the advent of a pandemic that has affected the world as we know it globally. The origin reportedly from Wuhan, China, this pandemic is caused by COVID-19 which belongs to the ...family of Coronavirus. The increase of infection and mortality has shot up exponentially and has left mankind bewildered amongst the remains of the unseen disaster. During these times of hardship mankind has to face with a series of emotions. Analysis of all these emotions becomes a primary target for the well-being of an individual and mankind as a whole. The main motive of our study is to analyze these emotions correctly. Gathering these big chunks of data about this study from different social platforms like Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, etc. plays a major role. For this study we will be considering only the corona virus related tweets from Twitter. Analysis of all these tweets will give us a proper insight about the real emotions that the people has to face during these COVID-19 times. The main objective is to work with multinomial attributed to assess the sentiments more precisely. The next step is cleaning the data and labelling them for further processing. Hereafter a model is developed which is used to access the data and then predict the actual sentiment behind the tweet. The data is assessed using the binary-class and multi-class property with the cross-data evaluation of various machine learning algorithms to form the model. After tedious training of models, it is seen that the proposed model gives us a 96.58% accuracy with Support Vector Machine algorithm.
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Differentiation of Crohn's disease (CD) from intestinal tuberculosis (ITB) is a big challenge to gastroenterologists because of their indistinguishable features and insensitive diagnostic tools. A ...non-invasive biomarker is urgently required to distinguish ITB/CD patients particularly in India, a TB endemic region, where CD frequency is increasing rapidly due to urbanization. Among the three differentially expressed miRNAs obtained from small RNA transcriptomic profiling of ileocaecal/terminal ileal tissue of ITB/CD patients (n = 3), only two down-regulated miRNAs, miR-31-5p, and miR-215-5p showed comparable data in qRT-PCR. Out of which, only miR-215-5p was detectable in the patient's plasma, but there was no significant difference in expression between ITB/CD. On the other hand, miR-375-3p, the pulmonary TB specific marker was found in higher amount in the plasma of ITB patients than CD while reverse expression was observed in the ileocaecal/terminal ileal tissues of the same patients. Next, using Bioplex pro-human cytokine 48-plex screening panel, only three chemokines, Eotaxin-1/CCL11, SDF-1α/CXCL12, and G-CSF have noted significantly different levels in the serum of ITB/CD patients. ROC analysis has revealed that compared to a single molecule, a combination of miR-375-3p + Eotaxin-1/CCL11 + SDF-1α /CXCL12 + G-CSF showed a better AUC of 0.83, 95% CI (0.69-0.96) with 100% specificity and positive predictive value while sensitivity, negative predictive value, and accuracy were 56%, 69%, and 78% respectively in distinguishing ITB from CD. This study suggests that a combination of plasma markers shows better potential in differentiating ITB from CD than a single marker and this panel of markers may be used for clinical management of ITB/CD patients.
Effective patient prognosis necessitates identification of novel tumor promoting drivers of gastric cancer (GC) which contribute to worsened conditions by analysing TCGA-gastric adenocarcinoma ...dataset. Small leucine-rich proteoglycans, asporin (ASPN) and decorin (DCN), play overlapping roles in development and diseases; however, the mechanisms underlying their interplay remain elusive. Here, we investigated the complex interplay of asporin, decorin and their interaction with TGFβ in GC tumor and corresponding normal tissues. The mRNA levels, protein expressions and cellular localizations of ASPN and DCN were analyzed using real-time PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The protein-protein interaction was predicted by in-silico interaction analysis and validated by co-immunoprecipitation assay. The correlations between ASPN and EMT proteins, VEGF and collagen were achieved using western blot analysis. A significant increase in expression of ASPN in tumor tissue vs. normal tissue was observed in both TCGA and our patient cohort. DCN, an effective inhibitor of the TGFβ pathway, was negatively correlated with stages of GC. Co-immunoprecipitation demonstrated that DCN binds with TGFβ, in normal gastric epithelium, whereas in GC, ASPN preferentially binds TGFβ. Possible activation of the canonical TGFβ pathway by phosphorylation of SMAD2 in tumor tissues suggests its role as an intracellular tumor promoter. Furthermore, tissues expressing ASPN showed unregulated EMT signalling. Our study uncovers ASPN as a GC-promoting gene and DCN as tumor suppressor, suggesting that ASPN can act as a prognostic marker in GC. For the first time, we describe the physical interaction of TGFβ with ASPN in GC and DCN with TGFβ in GC and normal gastric epithelium respectively. This study suggests that prevention of ASPN-TGFβ interaction or overexpression of DCN could serve as promising therapeutic strategies for GC patients.
The sudden ravaging outbreak of a novel coronavirus, or SARS-CoV-2, in terms of virulence, severity, and casualties has already overtaken previous versions of coronaviruses, like SARS CoV and MERS ...CoV. Originating from its epicenter in Wuhan, China, this mutated version of the influenza virus with its associated pandemic effects has engulfed the whole world with awful speed. In the midst of this bewildering situation, medical and scientific communities are on their toes to produce the potential vaccine-mediated eradication of this virus. Though the chances are really high, to date no such panacea has been reported. The time requirements for the onerous procedures of human trials for the successful clinical translation of any vaccine or potential therapeutics are also a major concern. In order to build some resistance against this massive pandemic, the repurposing of some earlier antiviral drugs has been done, along with the refurbishment of some immune-responsive alternative avenues, like monoclonal antibody mediated neutralization, interferon treatment, and plasma therapy. New drugs developed from the RBD domain of the virus spike protein and drugs targeting viral proteases are also undergoing further research and have shown potential from preliminary results. The sole purpose of this review article is to provide a brief collective overview of the recent status of therapeutics advances and approaches, and their current state of implementation for the management of COVID-19.
A schematic representation of different methods to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Summarization of legal case judgement documents is a practical and challenging problem, for which many summarization algorithms of different varieties have been tried. In this work, rather than ...developing yet another summarization algorithm, we investigate if intelligently ensembling (combining) the outputs of multiple (base) summarization algorithms can lead to better summaries of legal case judgements than any of the base algorithms. Using two datasets of case judgement documents from the Indian Supreme Court, one with extractive gold standard summaries and the other with abstractive gold standard summaries, we apply various ensembling techniques on summaries generated by a wide variety of summarization algorithms. The ensembling methods applied range from simple voting-based methods to ranking-based and graph-based ensembling methods. We show that many of our ensembling methods yield summaries that are better than the summaries produced by any of the individual base algorithms, in terms of ROUGE and METEOR scores.
Supertranslations at timelike infinity Chakraborty, Sumanta; Ghosh, Debodirna; Hoque, Sk Jahanur ...
The journal of high energy physics,
02/2022, Letnik:
2022, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
A
bstract
We propose a definition of asymptotic flatness at timelike infinity in four spacetime dimensions. We present a detailed study of the asymptotic equations of motion and the action of ...supertranslations on asymptotic fields. We show that the Lee-Wald symplectic form Ω(
g, δ
1
g
, δ
2
g
) does not get contributions from future timelike infinity with our boundary conditions. As a result, the “future charges” can be computed on any two-dimensional surface surrounding the sources at timelike infinity. We present expressions for supertranslation and Lorentz charges.
The emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the decelerating development of new and effective antibiotics has impaired the treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Efflux ...pump inhibitors (EPIs) have the potential to improve the efficacy of existing anti-TB drugs although with toxicity limitations. Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs), oligonucleotide mimics, by virtue of their high nucleic acid binding specificity have the capability to overcome this drawback. We, therefore, investigated the efflux pump inhibitory properties of a PNA designed against an efflux pump of Mycobacterium smegmatis. LfrA, an efflux pump found in M. smegmatis, is majorly involved in conferring innate drug resistance to this strain and, therefore, was selected as a target for gene silencing via PNA. qRT-PCR and EtBr assays confirmed the EPI activity of the anti-lfrA PNA. On testing the effect of the anti-lfrA PNA on the bactericidal activity of a fluoroquinolone, norfloxacin, we observed that 5 μM of anti-lfrA PNA in combination with norfloxacin led to an enhanced killing of up to 2.5 log-fold against wild-type and a lab-generated multidrug resistant strain, exemplifying its potential in countering resistance. Improved efficacy was also observed against intra-macrophage mycobacteria, where the drug-PNA combination enhanced bacterial clearance by 1.3 log-fold. Further, no toxicity was observed with PNA concentrations up to 4 times higher than the efficacious anti-lfrA PNA concentration. Thus, PNA, as an adjuvant, presents a novel and viable approach to rejuvenate anti-TB therapeutics.
•Anti-lfrA PNA effectively inhibits efflux pump expression in M. smegmatis at 5 μM.•PNAs as gene silencing EPIs, improve drug efficacy against wild type and MDR strains.•Efflux pump gene targeting PNA exhibit no toxicity towards bacteria or animal cells.•PNA-drug combined treatment enhances the clearance of intra-macrophage mycobacteria.
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