The generation of H2 by seawater electrolysis is limited by anodic chlorine corrosion and sluggish cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Here, we report a simple approach for developing cobalt ...iron (CoFe)-based Prussian blue analogue with a nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube composite (CoFePBA/NCNT) and nickel-encapsulated carbon tubules (Ni/NCT) as oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and HER catalysts for overall seawater electrolysis utilizing graphite felt or carbon paper as the catalyst substrate, thus avoiding chlorine corrosion of the metal substrate. Instead of a commonly known hydrothermal method, a simple brush coating method was employed for catalyst coating which is feasible for large-scale electrolyzer fabrication. Our developed electrolyzer has shown a low overall seawater splitting voltage of 1.71 V and a good stability of 50 h in seawater with excellent selectivity for OER over hypochlorite formation at room temperature (26 °C). High OER activity is attributed to abundant catalytic sites provided by interconnected CoFePBA nanosheets and high intrinsic catalytic activity. Moreover, suppressed hypochlorite formation and corrosion resistance resulting from the synergistic effect of CoFePBA and NCNT make CoFePBA/NCNT||Ni/NCT a potential candidate for seawater electrolyzers. Our work paves a way to demonstrate seawater electrolyzer performance with nonprecious catalysts on a nonmetallic support.
1. The effects of enzymatically hydrolysed whole Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast (HY) and the pellets of yeast cell wall (YCW) on production traits, the microbiology and histo-morphology of the small ...intestine, and humoral immune responses against Newcastle disease virus (NDV), of Ross 308 broilers were investigated. 2. The control group received a maize-soyabean meal based basal diet for 42 days. In the treated groups the basal diet was supplemented with 1 g/kg of HY and YCW. There were 8 replicate pens per group (n = 12 birds/pen). 3. HY and YCW supplementation improved live weight (P = 0·006) and FCR (P = 0·003) at 42-d as compared with the control group. 4. In the small intestine, Salmonella spp and Escherichia coli numbers were higher (P = 0·01) in the mucosa and lower (P = 0·01) in the digesta of the HY and the YCW fed groups at 25 d of age. Lactobacillus in the duodenal and jejunal digesta was higher (P < 0·05) in the HY and the YCW fed groups as compared with the control. 5. Following oral challenge with Salmonella pullorum, Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus increased (P < 0·05) in the mucosa and decreased in the digesta (P < 0·05) of the HY and YCW supplemented groups, relative to the control. 6. Supplementation of HY and YCW increased villus height in the jejunum (P = 0·02), width of villus in the ileum (P = 0·034) and number of goblet cells in villi of the jejunum (P = 0·006) and ileum (P = 0·01). 7. YCW increased antibody level against NDV at 21 and 42 d of age compared with the control and the HY supplemented diets (P < 0·05). 8. It was concluded that HY and YCW improved growth and feed efficiency in broilers, and considering the improvements in production traits and humoral immune responses, yeast cell wall may be a better dietary tool than the hydrolysed whole yeast cell as a performance enhancer for broilers.
Adsorption characteristics of new coccine on chitosan 10B were examined in aqueous medium. The zero point charge (pH
zpc
) of chitosan 10B was evaluated to be 6.45. In order to find out an optimum ...condition for maximum dye elimination by chitosan 10B, the kinetic investigations were carried out as a function of contact time, solution pH, initial dye concentration, temperatures, and ionic strengths, respectively. The maximum dye removal by chitosan 10B was found in acidic medium at pH 4. The kinetics of dye adsorption data was analyzed by pseudo first-order, pseudo second-order, Elovich, film diffusion and intraparticle diffusion kinetic models, respectively. The kinetic data complied with pseudo second-order kinetic model. Adsorption isotherms were agreed perfectly with Langmuir isotherm model having maximum dye adsorption ability 90.77 µmol/g at 30°C. New coccine adsorption onto chitosan 10B was proven by the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Thermodynamic parameters indicate that the new coccine dye elimination from aqueous solution by chitosan 10B is an exothermic spontaneous physisorption process. New coccine desorption from dye-loaded chitosan 10B was performed in 0.1 mol/L NaOH solution (pH 13) and the reusability of chitosan 10B was also investigated.
Double differential neutron fluence distributions were measured in the
Li(p,n)
Be reaction for proton beam energies 7, 9 and 12 MeV. Seven liquid scintillator based detectors were employed to measure ...neutron fluence distributions using the Time of Flight technique. Neutron ambient dose equivalents were determined from the measured fluence distribution using ICRP (International Commission on Radiological Protection) recommended fluence to dose equivalent conversion coefficients. Neutron dose equivalents were also measured using a conventional BF
detector based REM counter. Ambient dose equivalent measured by the REM counter is found to be in agreement with that determined from the neutron fluence spectra within their uncertainties. Angular distributions of the ambient dose equivalents were also determined from the measured fluence distributions at different angles.
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