The TiC-reinforced iron-based composites have been synthesized by aluminothermic reduction of siliceous sand, a waste product of aluminum extraction plant, containing oxides of different elements ...such as Fe, Ti, Si, etc., in the presence of carbon. The microstructure, hardness, thermal expansion coefficient, and abrasive wear behavior of composites have been evaluated. The feasibility of TiC-reinforced Fe-based composite as a cutting tool material for machining mild steel has been evaluated and compared with that of a high speed steel. It has been found that tools made from composites can machine mild steel rod quite satisfactorily at a cutting velocity of around 35 m/min under cutting fluid application.
Monochrome solid background removal is a common practice in the field of motion pictures, video game and news casting that is known as green screening. It is the basis of CG (Computer Graphics) ...employed for creation of special visual effects either in images or, more aptly, in motion pictures. The bewildering success of this process in weaving out a synthetic reality is more often than not the outcome of intricate and elaborate combination of illumination, color selection, capturing device settings, post production non-linear editing and repetitive arduous rendering. Even though it is very tempting to imagine experiences wherein a person can also be subjected to experience similar environments in real-time, the state of the art technology is yet to attain that efficacy at acceptable commercial level. Museums, which thrive upon creating amazing experiences for communicating knowledge, always aspire to embed wow factors of CG-created motion pictures in real-time situations where the visitor walks into similar environments be it that of the ancient Egypt or the internal structure of molecular crystals. To virtually transport the visitor inside such CG created environments, monochrome background subtraction is a very potential first shot. Yet, the approach suffers from twofold difficulties - the illumination in a museum gallery cannot be customized to suit the current approaches of green screening technologies and secondly its visitors are uninitiated to handle the methods involved in pre-processing captures and post-production renderings that require professional judgments not common to the visitors coming from different walks of life. This paper, by adopting a unique background subtraction algorithm avoids the custom illumination hurdle and that automatically helps in automated capture and on the fly rendering.
The effect of the final state Coulomb interaction on particles produced in Pb + Pb collisions at 158AGeV/c has been investigated in the WA98 experiment through the study of the pi(-)/pi(+) and K-/K+ ...ratios measured as a function of T-m- (m)0. While the ratio for kaons shows no significant T-m dependence, the pi(-)/pi(+) ratio is enhanced at small T-m - (m)0 values with an enhancement that increases with centrality. A silicon pad detector located near the target is used to estimate the contribution of hyperon decays to the pi(-)/pi(+) ratio. The comparison of results with predictions of the RQMD model in which the Coulomb interaction has been incorporated allows to place constraints on the time of the pion freeze-out.
Solid solutions of perovskite oxides (KNbO3)1-x+(La2NiMnO6)x (x=0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3) with a variation of band gap (1.33-3.6 eV) have been introduced as a promising photovoltaic absorber. The ...structural characterization of the prepared samples was carried out using X-ray diffraction (followed by Rietveld refinement) and Raman experiment. As the doping percentage of the monoclinic La2NiMnO6 in the solid-solution increases, the crystal structure of host KNbO3 becomes more symmetric from orthorhombic to cubic. A large reduction in the particle size has also been observed in the solid solutions in comparison to the pure KNbO3. The band gap (~ 1.33 eV) of the synthesized solid solution x=0.1 is found to be very close to the Shockley-Queisser band gap value of 1.34 eV, which suggests the promising photovoltaic possibility in this material. Photoluminescence (PL) emission spectra reveal a strong PL quenching in the solid-solutions in comparison to the KNbO3. The overall structural and optical studies suggest the promising photovoltaic possibility in KNbO3/ La2NiMnO6 solid solution.
The aim of this study was to extend our earlier observations on the changes that occur in the proteoglycans (PGs) of discs subjected to experimental injury to the annulus fibrosus (AF). We employed ...the alginate bead culture method to examine the metabolism of the dermatan sulphate (DS) containing PGs by cells derived from different regions of ovine discs that had been subjected to experimental annular injury. This was compared with the metabolism of the DS-PGs by cells isolated from equivalent regions of normal sham-operated discs. Six months after induction of the annular lesion, AF cells isolated from the lesion produced significantly higher levels of decorin and biglycan in alginate bead culture than did cells from equivalent zones of the controls. Decorin and biglycan were identified in culture media samples by immunoblotting, using specific antibodies (6-B-6, LF-96), and also by positive identification of their de-glycosylated core proteins. The core protein of the DS-PGs has been shown to inhibit type I/II collagen fibrillogenesis, to negatively regulate the action of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and to diminish cellular proliferation in vitro; events which may be detrimental to tissue repair. The findings are therefore consistent with our previous observation the annular lesions in the avascular inner annulus have no capacity to heal.
We study the concept of fusion frame in Cartesian product of two Hilbert spaces as Cartesian product of two Hilbert spaces is again a Hilbert space and see that the Cartesian product of two fusion ...frames is also a fusion frame. The concept of fusion frame operator on Cartesian product of two Hilbert spaces is being given and results of it are being presented.A perturbation result on fusion frame in Cartesian product of two Hilbert spaces is being discussed.
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