Olivine is the most common rock-forming mineral of the majority of the lithospheric mantle rocks beneath ancient cratons. This study provides the information about an epigenetic olivine in a ...lherzolite xenolith from the Udachnaya kimberlite pipe (Siberian craton), which is characterized by lower Mg# compared to the rock-forming one (Mg# = 87.4). The iron-rich olivine has been observed in the epigenetic mineral assemblage that forms a kelyphite shell around the rock-forming garnet. Olivine from the kelyphite shell occurs as both homogeneous grains (Mg# = 84.3–85.9) and zoned grains (Mg# = 85.1–87.5). The major and minor elements asymmetric zoning patterns have been found in the rock-forming olivine grains at the contact with the kelyphite shell. These olivine grains have an outer low Mg# (up to 85.9) zone at the contact with the kelyphite shell as the epigenetic olivine grains in the kelyphite shell. We suggest that the iron-rich epigenetic olivine was produced as the result of a reaction between the rock-forming garnet and the primitive kimberlite melt. During this reaction, a hybrid melt was formed in the interstitial space. The hybrid melt was iron-enriched relative to the kimberlite melt. The source of iron for the micro-portions of the interstitial hybrid melt was the rock-forming garnet.
A new definition of the function of a differential operator that leads to local operators of infinite order is proposed. It allows one to obtain an expression for the square root of the differential ...operator (the Hamiltonian of a free spinless particle) and to determine the relativistic Schrödinger equation as a close analog of the non-relativistic Schrödinger equation. It is shown that this equation does not lead to difficulties of the Klein-Gordon equation. Boundary conditions that lead to self-adjoint boundary problems similar to Sturm-Liouville problems, periodic boundary value problems, and singular boundary value problems are determined. Some problems of relativistic quantum mechanics are solved.
We report the discovery of GJ 3929 b, a hot Earth-sized planet orbiting the nearby M3.5 V dwarf star, GJ 3929 (G 180-18, TOI-2013). Joint modelling of photometric observations from TESS sectors 24 ...and 25 together with 73 spectroscopic observations from CARMENES and follow-up transit observations from SAINT-EX, LCOGT, and OSN yields a planet radius of
R
b
= 1.150 ± 0.040
R
⊕
, a mass of
M
b
= 1.21 ± 0.42
M
⊕
, and an orbital period of
P
b
= 2.6162745 ± 0.0000030
d
. The resulting density of
ρ
b
= 4.4 ± 1.6 g cm
−3
is compatible with the Earth’s mean density of about 5.5 g cm
−3
. Due to the apparent brightness of the host star (
J
= 8.7 mag) and its small size, GJ 3929 b is a promising target for atmospheric characterisation with the JWST. Additionally, the radial velocity data show evidence for another planet candidate with
P
c
= 14.303 ± 0.035 d, which is likely unrelated to the stellar rotation period,
P
rot
= 122 ± 13 d, which we determined from archival HATNet and ASAS-SN photometry combined with newly obtained TJO data.
Possible methods of attachments improvement of grain cleaning machines by means of mobilization factors, influencing direct on qualitative and quantitative separation are represented. Graphical ...dependences of grain separation completeness from the parameters of sieve vibration for different values of specific loads are also given. Basic relationships intensified the separation process of grain on the sieve, making transverse fluctuations has been detected according to the classical experiment results, as well as the influence of more important factors by the results of sieving experiment on separation completeness as on optimization criteria. The range vibrations of significant factors is also proved.
The proposed electron beam generator (EBG) operating in gas medium immediately is a perspective facility for solution of technological problems. Several versions of these EBG designs are proposed. ...Researches of EBG functioning have been done. The measurements of efficiency with forming of runaway electron beams were conducted for various gases (air, helium, water vapors, argon, xenon) at various pressures and for various cathode materials.
The article is dedicated to a new method of detecting masked ground and subsurface objects for mapping of minefields and engineering reconnaissance. We proposed to use stereoscopic hyperspectral IR ...remote sensing in order to increase the reliability of detecting and reducing the frequency of false alarms. Stereoscopic surveying allows exclude skipping of objects masked in vegetation and laid at an angle, and separate the disturbed surface (friable signs) from ordinary soil and embankments. The results of processing hyperspectral data from two channels are combined into a thematic thermal stereomodel of the terrain, on which the anomalies found by the algorithm are highlighted. The concept of an optical-electronic complex of remote sensing of minefields, structural and optical schemes, applied calculations and design solutions are presented in the first part of article. We described basic algorithms for processing hyperspectral data, the method of combining them into a thermal stereomodel of the terrain with the possibility of classifying objects and cross-linking with a three-dimensional map of the area in the second part of the article.
Environmental pollution is serious problem all around the world. Over the past decades, several well-known heavy metals have received much attention of researchers, and new information has been ...collected on their toxicity. However, knowledge of environmental chemistry of many other potentially toxic trace elements is scarce, though it is known that an increase of concentration of any element in soil can lead to negative consequences for plants. Nowadays the basic challenge is to examine the biogeochemistry of the trace elements we know almost nothing about. In our research, we performed a field experiment with two plant species couch grass: (
Elytrigia repens
(L.) Desv. ex Nevski) and dandelion (
Taraxacum officinale
(L.) Weber ex F.H. Wigg). The plants belong to different botanical taxa. Couch grass and dandelion were grown in soil spiked with RbCl. The concentrations of 23 macro- and trace elements in the plants were determined by ICP-MS. Raman spectroscopy was used for analysis of organic compounds. Although couch grass and dandelion were grown in the same site and collected simultaneously, the concentrations of many elements in the plants differed significantly, and more differences were found between concentrations of elements in leaves of the two plant species. Both plants were capable of accumulating large amounts of Rb. The bioaccumulation of Rb resulted in statistically significant variations in the concentrations of several elements in roots and leaves of the plants. There were marked changes in anthocyanins in dandelion resulted from its growth in the Rb-contaminated soil. On the other hand, no such effect was observed for couch grass.
Soil condition influences on its water conductivity, defining the completeness usage of atmospheric precipitations. Water conductivity relatively may be divided into summer and winter. Summer water ...conductivity depends much upon ground density but winter water conductivity solves more demanding challenge - accumulation of all winter precipitations in short time and depends not so much upon the density as its moisture 1.It is obvious, that ground moisture and the depth of its freezing define of snowmelt runoff and reflect the ability of the frozen ground to pass through itself moisture. However, more passing over the moisture is carried out by the soil with less moisture of topsoil and the depth of its freezing before spring period. Thus, carried out investigations allow to understand thoroughly the nature of spring flow of melt water and the character of washing away the soil from the slope. During crop cultivation in the steppe zone some parts of the soil rotation (up to 30%) is occupied by fallow fields, without vegetation for much time. These soils are more subjected to water and wind erosion. In this case the only possible methods of conservation them from destruction are special regional agrotechnical methods and means of tillage mechanization. Formation of planting holes on the field surface made by digging and embossing (pressing) will be more acceptable method of soil conservation from erosion under complex topography when the same field has versatile exposure and different steepness slope up to 4°. There are few articles devoted to the problem of antierosive treatment. But high agrotechnical effectiveness of holing by embossing (pressing) method on the steep slope up to 4° 2 has been established in these works. Decreasing water holding capacity of the holes influenced by form and the size of the holes as well as their position relatively slope is taken place by increasing the slope steepness. In order to exclude the influence of these factors on the hole capacity it is recommended to form them of bowl form with small capacity and in order to accumulate all snowmelt runoff on the unit area it is recommended to regulate the amount of holes, defined the total water holding capacity of this area. The aim of the investigation is prevention of water erosion on the fallow fields with the slope up to 4° according to the sizes and forms substantiation of embossed holes, defined hydrometrical criteria of melt water flowing.
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