Long short-term memory (LSTM) models have been shown to be efficient for rainfall-runoff modeling, and to a lesser extent, for groundwater depth forecasting. In this study, LSTMs were applied to ...quantify the spatiotemporal evolution of surface and subsurface hydrographs in Alabama, where water sustainability has not been fully quantified across spatiotemporal scales. First, the surface water LSTM model with extensive dynamic (precipitation and other weather variables) and static (basin characteristics) inputs predicted the main characteristics of streamflow for six years at 19 gauged basins in Alabama. The model tended to underestimate extremely high streamflow but adding drainage density as an input feature slightly improved the predictions of extreme events. Second, to predict the groundwater depth evolution, a groundwater LSTM (GW-LSTM) model was proposed and applied using static inputs capturing the aquifers' hydrogeological properties and dynamic inputs of meteorological information. Three precipitation scenarios were also explored to evaluate the groundwater hydrograph evolution in the next two decades. The GW-LSTM model predicted the general trend of daily groundwater depth fluctuations (at 21 wells distributed across Alabama from 1990 to 2021) including most extremely high groundwater levels, and recovered groundwater depth for locations withheld from model training and validation. This study, therefore, extended the application of LSTMs in quantifying the spatiotemporal evolution of surface water and groundwater, two manifestations of a single integrated resource.
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•Drainage density input improved the surface-water LSTM to capture extreme streamflow.•The groundwater LSTM model predicted well daily groundwater depth fluctuations.•Subsurface hydrographs were better predicted than surface hydrographs in extreme events.•LSTM models can predict surface/subsurface data for sites without measurements.
Given the importance of flexible use of different COVID-19 vaccines within the same schedule to facilitate rapid deployment, we studied mixed priming schedules incorporating an adenoviral-vectored ...vaccine (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 ChAd, AstraZeneca), two mRNA vaccines (BNT162b2 BNT, Pfizer–BioNTech, and mRNA-1273 m1273, Moderna) and a nanoparticle vaccine containing SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and Matrix-M adjuvant (NVX-CoV2373 NVX, Novavax).
Com-COV2 is a single-blind, randomised, non-inferiority trial in which adults aged 50 years and older, previously immunised with a single dose of ChAd or BNT in the community, were randomly assigned (in random blocks of three and six) within these cohorts in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive a second dose intramuscularly (8–12 weeks after the first dose) with the homologous vaccine, m1273, or NVX. The primary endpoint was the geometric mean ratio (GMR) of serum SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike IgG concentrations measured by ELISA in heterologous versus homologous schedules at 28 days after the second dose, with a non-inferiority criterion of the GMR above 0·63 for the one-sided 98·75% CI. The primary analysis was on the per-protocol population, who were seronegative at baseline. Safety analyses were done for all participants who received a dose of study vaccine. The trial is registered with ISRCTN, number 27841311.
Between April 19 and May 14, 2021, 1072 participants were enrolled at a median of 9·4 weeks after receipt of a single dose of ChAd (n=540, 47% female) or BNT (n=532, 40% female). In ChAd-primed participants, geometric mean concentration (GMC) 28 days after a boost of SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike IgG in recipients of ChAd/m1273 (20 114 ELISA laboratory units ELU/mL 95% CI 18 160 to 22 279) and ChAd/NVX (5597 ELU/mL 4756 to 6586) was non-inferior to that of ChAd/ChAd recipients (1971 ELU/mL 1718 to 2262) with a GMR of 10·2 (one-sided 98·75% CI 8·4 to ∞) for ChAd/m1273 and 2·8 (2·2 to ∞) for ChAd/NVX, compared with ChAd/ChAd. In BNT-primed participants, non-inferiority was shown for BNT/m1273 (GMC 22 978 ELU/mL 95% CI 20 597 to 25 636) but not for BNT/NVX (8874 ELU/mL 7391 to 10 654), compared with BNT/BNT (16 929 ELU/mL 15 025 to 19 075) with a GMR of 1·3 (one-sided 98·75% CI 1·1 to ∞) for BNT/m1273 and 0·5 (0·4 to ∞) for BNT/NVX, compared with BNT/BNT; however, NVX still induced an 18-fold rise in GMC 28 days after vaccination. There were 15 serious adverse events, none considered related to immunisation.
Heterologous second dosing with m1273, but not NVX, increased transient systemic reactogenicity compared with homologous schedules. Multiple vaccines are appropriate to complete primary immunisation following priming with BNT or ChAd, facilitating rapid vaccine deployment globally and supporting recognition of such schedules for vaccine certification.
UK Vaccine Task Force, Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI), and National Institute for Health Research. NVX vaccine was supplied for use in the trial by Novavax.
This paper applies the kernel propensity score matching difference-in-differences method to examine gender-differential effects of financial inclusion on household financial resilience, using ...repeated cross-sectional data from two successive large-scale surveys of Ghanaian households. Applying standardised indices for financial inclusion and financial resilience, we find that financial inclusion significantly improves household financial resilience. Results from gender and locality disaggregated analyses suggest that the effect of financial inclusion on household resilience does not significantly vary by gender or locality. Results from different measures of financial inclusion show that savings and formal account ownership yield more pronounced resilience effect, with mobile money (m-money) exerting the least impact. Remittances via m-money - sending and receiving (a proxy for social capital) - provide significant financial resilience effects, with generally stronger effects in rural than in urban areas, especially for females.
Teaching the History of Psychology Green, Christopher D.
Canadian psychology = Psychologie canadienne,
11/2021, Letnik:
62, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Teaching the History of Psychology can be challenging, mainly because many students find the material to be boring or "irrelevant." The way to make the course more interesting and "relevant" is to ...connect its content with an array of historical figures and events that are already in students' networks of knowledge. This poses a problem, though, because today's students often know little general history compared to students in the past. So, it falls to the History of Psychology instructor to provide that wider perspective. Examples of this are provided, especially that of Wilhelm Wundt's career in the context of German unification, and the British use of standardized testing in the effort to gain women admission to higher education. Questions of choosing a textbook and the inclusion of primary source documents (both published and unpublished) are discussed as well.
Enseigner l'histoire de la psychologie peut être un défi, principalement parce que de nombreux étudiants trouvent la matière ennuyeuse ou « non pertinente ». La façon de rendre le cours plus intéressant et « pertinent » est de relier son contenu à une série de personnages et d'événements historiques qui font déjà partie des réseaux de connaissances des étudiants. Cela pose toutefois un problème, car les étudiants d'aujourd'hui connaissent souvent peu d'histoire générale par rapport aux étudiants d'autrefois. Il incombe donc à l'enseignant d'histoire de la psychologie de fournir cette perspective plus large. Des exemples sont fournis, notamment la carrière de Wilhelm Wundt dans le contexte de l'unification allemande et l'utilisation britannique de tests standardisés dans le but de permettre aux femmes d'accéder à l'enseignement supérieur. Les questions du choix d'un manuel scolaire et de l'inclusion de documents de source primaire (publiés ou non) sont également abordées.
Public Significance Statement
The history of psychology can be a challenging course to teach, not least because many students do not have sufficient background in general world history to enable them to place psychological events in their socio-political and economic contexts. This article presents examples of how teachers can provide students with the relevant contexts to make the course more engaging for students. It also discusses the use of textbooks and two kinds of primary sources in the classroom.
•Link medium heterogeneity and regional-scale non-Fickian transport.•Time-nonlocal transport models have both similarities and distinctions.•Transient subdiffusion in alluvial settings relates to ...diffusion-limited layers.
Time-nonlocal transport models can describe non-Fickian diffusion observed in geological media, but the physical meaning of parameters can be ambiguous, and most applications are limited to curve-fitting. This study explores methods for predicting the parameters of a temporally tempered Lévy motion (TTLM) model for transient sub-diffusion in mobile–immobile like alluvial settings represented by high-resolution hydrofacies models. The TTLM model is a concise multi-rate mass transfer (MRMT) model that describes a linear mass transfer process where the transfer kinetics and late-time transport behavior are controlled by properties of the host medium, especially the immobile domain. The intrinsic connection between the MRMT and TTLM models helps to estimate the main time-nonlocal parameters in the TTLM model (which are the time scale index, the capacity coefficient, and the truncation parameter) either semi-analytically or empirically from the measurable aquifer properties. Further applications show that the TTLM model captures the observed solute snapshots, the breakthrough curves, and the spatial moments of plumes up to the fourth order. Most importantly, the a priori estimation of the time-nonlocal parameters outside of any breakthrough fitting procedure provides a reliable “blind” prediction of the late-time dynamics of subdiffusion observed in a spectrum of alluvial settings. Predictability of the time-nonlocal parameters may be due to the fact that the late-time subdiffusion is not affected by the exact location of each immobile zone, but rather is controlled by the time spent in immobile blocks surrounding the pathway of solute particles. Results also show that the effective dispersion coefficient has to be fitted due to the scale effect of transport, and the mean velocity can differ from local measurements or volume averages. The link between medium heterogeneity and time-nonlocal parameters will help to improve model predictability for non-Fickian transport in alluvial settings.
•Novel controls system bridges gap between conventional and flash sintering.•FEA and in-situ flash sintering IR measurements correlated with microstructure.•Densification and grain growth trends ...follow classic dependency on thermal profile.•Bulk conductivity depends on flash sintering thermal profile, including quench.•Flash sintered samples consistently exhibit higher grain boundary conductivity.
In flash sintering experiments, the thermal history of the sample is key to understanding the mechanisms underlying densification rate and final properties. By combining robust temperature measurements with current-ramp-rate control, this study examined the effects of the thermal profile on the flash sintering of yttria-stabilized zirconia, with experiments ranging from a few seconds to several hours. The final density was maximized at slower heating rates, although processes slower than a certain threshold led to grain growth. The amount of grain growth observed was comparable to a similar conventional thermal process. The bulk electrical conductivity correlated with the maximum temperature and cooling rate. The only property that exhibited behavior that could not be attributed to solely the thermal profile was the grain boundary conductivity, which was consistently higher than conventional in flash sintered samples. These results suggest that, during flash sintering, athermal electric field effects are relegated to the grain boundary.
The liver is one of the most frequently injured abdominal organs. Hepatic hemorrhage is a complex and challenging complication following hepatic trauma. Significant shifts in the treatment of hepatic ...hemorrhage, including the increasing use of angioembolization, are believed to have improved patient outcomes. We aimed to describe the efficacy of angioembolization in the setting of acute hepatic arterial hemorrhage as well as the complications associated with this treatment modality.
A systematic review of published literature (MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and Cochrane Library) describing hepatic angioembolization in the setting of trauma was performed. Articles that fulfilled the predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria were included. We analyzed the efficacy rate of angioembolization in the setting of traumatic hepatic hemorrhage as well as the complications associated with hepatic angioembolization.
Four hundred fifty-nine articles were identified in the literature search. Of these, 10 retrospective studies and 1 prospective study met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Efficacy rate of angioembolization was 93%. The most frequently reported complications following hepatic angioembolization included hepatic necrosis (15%), abscess formation (7.5%), and bile leaks.
Although the outcomes of hepatic angioembolization were generally favorable with a high success rate, the treatment modality is not without associated morbidity. The most frequently associated major complication was hepatic necrosis. Rates of complications were affected by study heterogeneity and should be better defined in future studies.
Systematic review, level III.
Self-regulation is of interest both to psychologists and to teachers. But what the word means is unclear. To define it precisely, two studies examined the American Psychological Association's system ...of controlled vocabulary—specifically, the 447 associated terms it presents—and used techniques from the Digital Humanities to identify 88 closely related concepts and six broad conceptual clusters. The resulting analyses show how similar ideas are interrelated: self-control, self-management, self-observation, learning, social behavior, and the personality constructs related to self-monitoring. A full-color network map locates these concepts and clusters relative to each other. It also highlights some of the interests of different audiences, which can be described heuristically using two axes that have been labeled abstract versus practical and self-oriented versus other-oriented.
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a critical diabetes-mediated co-morbidity characterized by cardiac dysfunction and heart failure, without predisposing hypertensive or atherosclerotic conditions. Metabolic ...insulin resistance, promoting hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, is the primary cause of diabetes-related disorders, but ambiguous tissue-specific insulin sensitivity has shed light on the importance of identifying a unified target paradigm for both the glycemic and non-glycemic context of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Several studies have indicated hyperactivation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), specifically complex 1 (mTORC1), as a critical mediator of T2D pathophysiology by promoting insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, inflammation, vasoconstriction, and stress. Moreover, mTORC1 inhibitors like rapamycin and their analogs have shown significant benefits in diabetes and related cardiac dysfunction. Recently, FDA-approved anti-hyperglycemic sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) have gained therapeutic popularity for T2D and diabetic cardiomyopathy, even acknowledging the absence of SGLT2 channels in the heart. Recent studies have proposed SGLT2-independent drug mechanisms to ascertain their cardioprotective benefits by regulating sodium homeostasis and mimicking energy deprivation. In this review, we systematically discuss the role of mTORC1 as a unified, eminent target to treat T2D-mediated cardiac dysfunction and scrutinize whether SGLT2is can target mTORC1 signaling to benefit patients with diabetic cardiomyopathy. Further studies are warranted to establish the underlying cardioprotective mechanisms of SGLT2is under diabetic conditions, with selective inhibition of cardiac mTORC1 but the concomitant activation of mTORC2 (mTOR complex 2) signaling.
Process‐based modeling of regional
NO3– fluxes to groundwater is critical for understanding and managing water quality, but the complexity of
NO3– reactive transport processes makes implementation a ...challenge. This study introduces a regional vertical flux method (VFM) for efficient estimation of reactive transport of
NO3– in the vadose zone and groundwater. The regional VFM was applied to 443 well samples in central‐eastern Wisconsin. Chemical measurements included O2,
NO3–, N2 from denitrification, and atmospheric tracers of groundwater age including carbon‐14, chlorofluorocarbons, tritium, and tritiogenic helium. VFM results were consistent with observed chemistry, and calibrated parameters were in‐line with estimates from previous studies. Results indicated that (1) unsaturated zone travel times were a substantial portion of the transit time to wells and streams, (2) since 1945 fractions of applied N leached to groundwater have increased for manure‐N, possibly due to increased injection of liquid manure, and decreased for fertilizer‐N, and (3) under current practices and conditions, approximately 60% of the shallow aquifer will eventually be affected by downward migration of
NO3–, with denitrification protecting the remaining 40%. Recharge variability strongly affected the unsaturated zone lag times and the eventual depth of the
NO3– front. Principal components regression demonstrated that VFM parameters and predictions were significantly correlated with hydrogeochemical landscape features. The diverse and sometimes conflicting aspects of N management (e.g., limiting N volatilization versus limiting N losses to groundwater) warrant continued development of large‐scale holistic strategies to manage water quality and quantity.
Plain Language Summary
The degradation of freshwater resources by excess nitrogen from agriculture is one of the most widespread threats to human and environmental health. Even if anthropogenic inputs cease today, nitrate will continue to migrate through the subsurface for decades. Predicting the delayed effects on wells and streams requires advanced methods that can estimate local processes of nitrate movement and reactions across large regions. This study introduces a new “vertical flux method” (VFM) for efficient estimation of these processes. The VFM was applied to 443 groundwater samples from central‐eastern Wisconsin, and successfully reproduced the observed chemical concentrations. Results indicate that (1) the time nitrate spends moving from the soil to groundwater is a substantial portion of the overall time‐lag between application and arrival at wells or streams and (2) since 1945 the percent of applied manure‐N reaching groundwater has increased, possibly due to increased injection of liquid manure, while the percent of fertilizer‐N reaching groundwater has decreased. Under current conditions, the VFM forecasts that 60% of the shallow aquifers' volume will eventually be affected by downward migration of nitrate, with denitrification protecting the remaining 40%.
Key Points
Proof‐of‐concept for regional vertical flux method (VFM) applied to groundwater tracer data set in Wisconsin, USA
Manure‐N leaching fractions increased 1945–2006 as dry‐spreading gave way to liquid injection; fertilizer‐N leaching fractions decreased
Water quality and quantity are linked via recharge, a key factor in unsaturated zone lag times and eventual extent of
NO3– in aquifers
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