The current research was conducted in 2020–2023 on the botanical-geographical plot “Steppes of Ukraine” at the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine and was focused on ripe ...fruits of Asparagus officinalis. This study aimed to find out the main statistical characteristics of morphometric traits of A. officinalis fruits: fruit diameter, number of locules per fruit, number of seeds per fruit, number of seeds per locule, and to confirm or deny the hypothesis of positive pairwise correlations of the first three traits. Eighteen combinations of four morphometric traits were found in the A. officinalis fruits. For each morphometric feature of A. officinalis fruits, ten statistical characteristics were determined: arithmetic mean, median, mode, range of variation, oscillation coefficient, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, standard error of the mean, coefficient of skewness, and coefficient of kurtosis. The coefficient of variation showed that the number of seeds per fruit is the most variable of the studied morphometric traits of A. officinalis fruits, and the fruit diameter is the least variable. According to the comprehensive assessment of the coefficients of skewness and kurtosis, the distributions of the number of seeds per fruit and the diameter of the fruits are closest to the normal distribution. It was established that the correlations between pairs of such traits as fruit diameter and number of locules per fruit, fruit diameter and number of seeds per fruit, number of locules per fruit and number of seeds per fruit are positive, direct, and strong. Thus, considering the economic feasibility, it is more practical to collect A. officinalis fruits of a larger size to obtain a larger number of seeds. The results of this work are of interest for the morphology and biometrics of A. officinalis and its cultivation.
Gymnospermium odessanum is a rare relict endemic plant species. The research was carried out during G. odessanum flowering in 2019–2021 at the botanical-geographical plot “Steppes of Ukraine” of the ...M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NBG). Ecological and coenotic conditions of introduction at the NBG differ from natural habitats of the species and are not optimal for its vegetation. However, this species demonstrated ecological-coenotic plasticity and, over the decades, has formed a stable homeostatic introduction coenopopulation here. As of 2021, the area of introduction coenopopulation of G. odessanum at the NBG was 2,075 m2. It comprises 412 individuals of this species (including 40 seedlings, 241 juvenile, 45 immature, 40 virginal, 45 generative, and 1 sub-senile plants). Coenopopulation fragments with a high density of G. odessanum individuals are rare here, so the average density is low – only 0.2 individuals per 1 m2. In 2021, in the spectrum of age states, the total percentage of pregenerative individuals was very high and reached 88.8 %; the share of generative individuals was 10.9 %.In general, the age structure of the introduction coenopopulation of G. odessanum is characterized by long-term (2010–2021) stability. The spatial distribution of individuals in the introduction coenopopulation is of two kinds – random and in groups. This is due to combined myrmecochoric and barochoric propagation. Also due to myrmecochory, this coenopopulation tends to spread the area. Compared to natural coenopopulations, the introduction coenopopulation of G. odessanum at the NBG is characterized by a larger area, a much significant number, and, at the same time, a low average density of individuals. However, like in most of natural populations, its age spectrum is left-sided.The conducted research testifies the successful formation of the introduction coenopopulation of G. odessanum in the meadow-steppe cultural phytocoenosis of the NBG. This introduction coenopopulation is an example of a successful multi-year scientific experiment and effective ex situ protection and preservation of G. odessanum on the northern border of the Right Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, far beyond the natural range of this endemic plant species.
The research was carried out during Crocus reticulatus flowering time in 2002–2020 at the botanical-geographical plot “Steppes of Ukraine” of the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National ...Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NBG). Crocus reticulatus was introduced to the NBG from the natural habitats in 2002–2003. Ten generative individuals were planted in an area of 2 m2. The area of coenopopulation and the number of individuals increased gradually until 2018. In 2019–2020, there was a rapid increase in the covered area and number of individuals. However, the average density of individuals decreased. The percentage of pregenerative plants (juvenile, immature, and virginal) increased, and the percentage of generative individuals decreased. As of 2020, the area of introduced coenopopulation of C. reticulatus at the NBG reached 195 m2. It consists of 175 individuals (38 juvenile, 21 immature, 23 virginal, and 93 generative). The average density is 0.9 individuals per 1 m2. The spatial distribution of individuals is characterized as random and in groups. This is due to the predominance of the myrmecochoric and barochoric propagation. Indicators of the area, number, and average density of the introduced coenopopulation are within the normal ranges of the natural populations; however, they are smaller than those in maternal populations. The number of individuals of different age states and the number of individuals with one and two or three flowers in the introduced coenopopulation is close to such parameters of the natural population from Kyiv Plateau. Flowers of different colors were observed both in the introduced coenopopulation and in natural populations of C. reticulatus. As of 2020, the introduced coenopopulation of C. reticulatus is in the phase of logistic growth.
In 2020–2022, the complete taxonomic composition of the flora for the botanical-geographical plot “Steppes of Ukraine” at the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine (NBG) was ...studied and analyzed. This plot was established at the NBG in 1949 to demonstrate the floristic diversity of the Ukrainian Steppes ex situ. According to the inventory results, 347 species and infraspecific taxa from 196 genera and 53 families of higher vascular plants were recorded in the flora of the plot. The steppic component of this plot joins 213 species and infraspecific taxa (61.38 % of the total number of inventoried taxa) belonging to the collection fund and representing the flora of the Steppes of Ukraine, 126 species and infraspecific taxa (36.31 %) of which are introduced plants and 87 species and infraspecific taxa (25.07 %) are native plants. During the inventory, spontaneously growing plants that are not a part of the collection fund were precisely studied. Among inventoried plants, native non-steppic plants are represented by 46 species and infraspecific taxa (13.26 %); alien plants – by 88 taxa (25.36 %), including ergasiophygophytes (45 taxa, 12.97 %) and xenophytes (43 taxa, 12.39 %). The plants of the collection fund predominate on the plot and form the main vegetation cover.Currently, the taxonomic composition of the plot is similar to the characteristics of regional meadow-steppes. The perennials dominate in the biomorphological structure of the plot’s flora (63.69 %), which is typical for the steppic phytocoenoses. In general, a significant number of trees is present here (5.48 %), which is explained by the forest communities surrounding the plot and, as a result, their active self-sowing. Hemicryptophytes prevail in the plot’s flora (60.52 %). Nevertheless, the collection fund of the plot is distinguished by the absence of trees, a greater number of perennials (79.34 %), and hemicryptophytes (72.77 %). The steppic (33.33 %) and marginal (33.33 %) plants prevail in the collection fund, while the amount of meadow plants (18.78 %) is still significant. In the plot “Steppes of Ukraine”, most of the rare introduced plants formed stable homeostatic introduction coenopopulations. Among them, 15 species and rare infraspecific taxa are listed in the Red Book of Ukraine.
The article presents the results of a study on the content and dynamics of the accumulation of biogenic elements and brassinolides in plants of Adonis vernalis, Allium ursinum, and Leucojum vernum in ...Kyiv, Ukraine. Data is provided on allelopathic activity, content of macro- and microelements, phenolic compounds, and laccase activity in plants and the rhizosphere soil under the conditions of the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NBG). The plants from the collection of the NBG were used as objects of study in field experiments. The content of biogenic elements in plant tissues and soil was analyzed using an inductively coupled plasma spectrometer. The allelopathic analysis of soil was conducted using a direct bioassay method with Lepidium sativum seedlings as the test object. Phenolic compounds were extracted from the soil using the ion exchange (desorption) method. The content of brassinosteroids was measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450 nm. The content of laccase was measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 530 nm.The results demonstrate that model plant species employ a wide range of physiological mechanisms throughout the vegetation period to enhance their resistance to abiotic factors. These mechanisms include maintaining potassium and calcium balance and utilizing hormonal compounds. Plants have been proven to have compensatory mechanisms in response to stress factors, substituting one biochemical marker of resistance with another. Both, brassinosteroids and silicon, contribute to the adaptive capacity of organisms.
The Ukraine crisis is usually treated either as Russia's return to the old-style empire-building (the right) or as a clash of two imperialisms (the left). However, the essence of this crisis can be ...understood only from the dual perspective of the consequences of the Stalinist degeneration of the Russian Revolution and the fate of the modern global capitalism. The most rotten sections of the Soviet bureaucracy moved the society to capitalism. However, this effort could secure only a peripheral (Ukraine) or at best semi-peripheral (Russia) position in the capitalist world-system as a provider of cheap raw materials. Meanwhile, modern capitalism led to world economic crisis. In these conditions, the capital of the core capitalist countries obviously decided to strengthen its control over the periphery, and Russia's aspirations to secure its domination over the former Soviet space were in the way. To thwart them, Western powers decided to provoke a Ukraine crisis, exploiting Ukrainians' justified indignation at the backwardness and corruption inherent in their own peripheral capitalism. Hence, a study of the properties of the post-Soviet societies and their place in the world hierarchy is the key to understanding the Ukraine crisis.
Universal Labor and the Future of Value GRITSENKO, VICTORIA; ORLOV, VLADIMIR
Science & society (New York. 1936),
01/2017, Letnik:
81, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
In the middle of the 19th century, Marx noticed the emerging new form of labor, universal (automated) labor. Its development and contradiction with the capitalist mode of production fostered several ...significant changes in modern society, called "post-industrial" by some theorists. Contemporary society is complicated. Although capitalism is still dominant, some modern tendencies cannot be considered capitalist. Universal labor brings with it the interesting problem of measuring its results, because the frames of commodity value do not suit them. Our goal is to connect the new forms of labor with fundamental changes in the essence of value. We suggest a hypothesis of transition from commodity value to informational value, due to the key features of universal labor.
Aim. To compile and analyze an annotated list of autochthonous vitamin-bearing plant species of the Kiev Plateau, which according to ethnobotanical traditions are often used by the population of this ...region. Methods. The research was carried out in 2002–2021 in natural phytocoenoses of the Kyiv Plateau and artificial phytocoenoses of M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NBG). Research methods are field and cameral. Dozens of locals were surveyed to find out which autochthonous vitamin-bearing plant species are most commonly used by the region's population. Latin names of plants are given according to the generally accepted taxonomy (Mosyakin & Fedoronchuk, 1999). A linear system (Golubev, 1972) was used for biomorphological analysis. The classification scheme of florocoenotypes (Kamelin, 1973) was used for ecologo-coenotic analysis. Results. An annotated list of autochthonous vitamin-bearing plant species of the Kyiv Plateau, which is frequently used by the population of the region, is given. The spectrum of families, biomorphological and ecologo-coenotic spectra, and priority of use of certain parts of plants are analyzed. Conclusions. The annotated list describes 43 species of plants belonging to 36 genera and 21 families. Rosaceae (26%) has the largest share in the spectrum of families. The biomorphological spectrum is dominated by herbaceous plants (61%), namely, herbaceous polycarpics (49%). In the ecologo-cenotic spectrum, the largest share is occupied by species of forest (42%) and meadow (33%) florocoenotypes. For practical use, the population of the region most often collects aboveground parts of plants, in particular, aboveground shoots (46%) or aboveground shoots and fruits (33%). All plant species listed in the annotated list are presented ex situ in the NBG. More than half of them (65.1%) are exhibited on the botanical-geographical plot “Steppes of Ukraine” of the NBG.
The absorption of light in the near-infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum by Au-hyperdoped Si has been observed. While silicon photodetectors in this range are currently being produced, ...their efficiency is low. Here, using the nanosecond and picosecond laser hyperdoping of thin amorphous Si films, their compositional (energy-dispersion X-ray spectroscopy), chemical (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy), structural (Raman spectroscopy) and IR spectroscopic characterization, we comparatively demonstrated a few promising regimes of laser-based silicon hyperdoping with gold. Our results indicate that the optimal efficiency of impurity-hyperdoped Si materials has yet to be achieved, and we discuss these opportunities in light of our results.
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