Two eleven-year-old boys face a bulletin board, arranging silver thumbtacks into shapes of fighter planes. The boys' play revolves around the action video game, its language, strategies, heroes, ...villains, obstacles, and continual updates. As an after-school art teacher and student-teacher supervisor, the contact the author has with young artists exposes her to the screenager culture. The author observes youth freely telling stories and acting out violent scenarios that appropriate the composition, language, and narrative aspects of video games. Their art making is in sharp contrast to traditional school art, where the teacher's cautious aesthetic, the template for art production, is fabricated, uniform, and removed. As the teacher in an after-school drawing club, with the opportunity for spontaneous, non-adult-directed drawing, she observes drawing that is violent physicality in narrative--a fantastical, repulsive, aggressive imagery heavily influenced by images promoted through electronic media that permeates the language, drawings, and narratives of the youth. Observing the boys' extreme preoccupation with violence motivated her to pursue a qualitative study where as teacher and researcher she would reflect on the authentic art making of postmodern youth through her historical position as a boomer-generation art teacher. While she feels isolated from the lure of the video game, she does share with the youth some cultural memory and the crush of consumerism. (Contains 22 notes.)
Prevention of aspiration of nasopharyngeal airway Grube, Paul J; Fan, Dapeng; Pothula, Vijayasimha R ...
Indian Journal of Anaesthesia/Indian journal of anaesthesia
54, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
... perhaps the nasal passage itself may have dilated somewhat from the more rigid nasotracheal tube used during surgery, thus facilitating passage of the airway that was of appropriate diameter and ...length.
Several recent studies have described increasing rates of unilateral and bilateral mastectomy among women with newly diagnosed breast cancer. The use of breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has ...also risen rapidly, leading to speculation that the high false-positive rate and need for multiple biopsies associated with MRI may contribute to more mastectomies. The objective of this study was to determine whether newly diagnosed patients who underwent preoperative MRI were more likely to undergo mastectomy compared with those who did not have a preoperative MRI.
A retrospective review was performed of all newly diagnosed patients with breast cancer at our academic breast center from 2004 to 2009.
The proportion of newly diagnosed patients with breast cancer having MRI prior to surgery increased from 6% in 2004 to 73% in 2009. Of 628 patients who underwent diagnostic MRI, 369 (59%) had abnormal results, 257 (41%) had one or more biopsies, and 73 had additional sites of cancer diagnosed. Patients with a malignant biopsy, or those with an abnormal MRI who did not undergo biopsy, had an increased mastectomy rate (P<0.01). However, patients with a normal MRI or a benign biopsy actually had a decreased mastectomy rate (P<0.05). Although there was a trend toward more bilateral mastectomies, the overall mastectomy rate did not change over this time period.
Although there is a strong relationship between the result of an MRI and the choice of surgery, the overall effect is not always to increase the mastectomy rate. Some patients who were initially considering mastectomy chose lumpectomy after an MRI.
Nonlinear and interactive models of alcohol expectancies
and drinking were investigated using survey data obtained from
junior and senior high school students on 2 occasions 2 years apart.
...Significant nonlinear and interactive effects were found in
cross-sectional analyses. First, negative expectancies were most
predictive when subjective likelihood was low. Second, drinking was
highest when respondents believed that (a) negative consequences
were unlikely and affective enhancement was likely and (b) both
affective enhancement and social facilitation were likely. A simpler
linear model was adequate for predicting changes in drinking, with
both negative and affective enhancement expectancies having
significant longitudinal effects. The results support the importance
of alcohol expectancies but suggest that the relationships between
these beliefs and adolescent drinking may be complex.
Background: Breast cancer in the older woman is a major health issue and therapeutic challenge. This study asked if presentation, surgical treatment, and outcome of breast cancer are different in ...elderly women compared with their younger counterparts.
Methods: There were 816 women <70 years (younger) and 190 ≥70 years (older) treated surgically for breast carcinoma between January 1992 and April 2000. Data for younger and older patients was analyzed from our prospective database.
Results: More older women had mammographic lesions (
P <0.006). Breast conservation was the treatment of choice for both groups. Stage, tumor size, histology and disease-specific survival were similar for both. There was no evidence of disease in 93% of cases in the <70 years group at median follow-up of 38.4 months and 91% for the ≥70 years group at 44.5 months.
Conclusions: In our population the presentation, surgical treatment, and survival from breast cancer is similar in older and younger women.
Introduction
It is accepted that preoperative chemotherapy can result in increased breast preservation for breast cancers greater than 4 cm. The benefits of preoperative chemotherapy are less clear, ...however, for patients who present with smaller tumors and are already candidates for breast-preserving surgery. The goal of this study is to assess the effect of preoperative chemotherapy on breast cancers between 2 and 4 cm diameter.
Methods
A retrospective chart review was conducted of patients diagnosed with new breast cancer at the Yale-New Haven Breast Center for the years 2002–2007. Patients were included in the study if their breast cancer was between 2 and 4 cm and their initial surgical treatment had been completed. Patients with distant metastases were excluded.
Results
There were 156 new cancers that met study requirements. Forty-seven patients underwent preoperative chemotherapy, and 109 patients had their surgery first, usually followed by chemotherapy. Initial surgery was lumpectomy for 31 out of 47 patients (66%) in the preoperative chemotherapy group compared with 62 out of 109 patients (57%) in the surgery group. For patients with lumpectomies, 2 out of 31 patients (6%) in the preoperative group had positive margins and required re-excision compared with 20 out of 62 patients (37%) in the surgery-first group (
P
< 0.01).
Conclusions
We conclude that, for tumors between 2 and 4 cm, preoperative chemotherapy is associated with a significantly decreased rate of re-excision following lumpectomy. This not only results in fewer mastectomies, but also avoids the morbidity and inferior cosmetic results associated with a re-excision lumpectomy.
Signal gain evolution of a cladding-pumped single-core erbium-ytterbium co-doped fiber amplifier (EYDFA) at different doped fiber lengths is analyzed. The research is performed both experimentally ...and using a simulation model based on the measured signal parameters and EYDF characteristics. The results are compared to estimate the possibility of using such simulations for gain characteristics prediction prior to EYDFA experimental implementation.
The very high energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) blazar Markarian 501 (Mrk 501) has a well-studied history of extreme spectral variability and is an excellent laboratory for studying the physical processes ...within the jets of active galactic nuclei. However, there are few detailed multiwavelength studies of Mrk 501 during its quiescent state, due to its low luminosity. A short-term multiwavelength study of Mrk 501 was coordinated in 2009 March, focusing around a multi-day observation with the Suzaku X-ray satellite and including Delta *g-ray data from VERITAS, MAGIC, and the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope with the goal of providing a well-sampled multiwavelength baseline measurement of Mrk 501 in the quiescent state. The results of these quiescent-state observations are compared to the historically extreme outburst of 1997 April 16, with the goal of examining variability of the spectral energy distribution (SED) between the two states. The derived broadband SED shows the characteristic double-peaked profile. We find that the X-ray peak shifts by over two orders of magnitude in photon energy between the two flux states while the VHE peak varies little. The limited shift in the VHE peak can be explained by the transition to the Klein-Nishina (KN) regime. Synchrotron self-Compton models are matched to the data and the implied KN effects are explored.
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