Long-held assumptions of poor prognoses for patients with haematological malignancies (HM) have meant that clinicians have been reluctant to admit them to the intensive care unit (ICU). We aimed to ...evaluate ICU, in-hospital, and 6 month mortality and to identify predictors for in-hospital mortality.
A cohort study in a specialist cancer ICU of adult HM patients admitted over 5 yr. Data acquired included: patient characteristics, haematological diagnosis, haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT), reason for ICU admission, and APACHE II scores. Laboratory values, organ failures, and level of organ support were recorded on ICU admission. Predictors for in-hospital mortality were evaluated using uni- and multivariate analysis.
Of 199 patients, median age was 58 yr inter-quartile range (IQR) 46–66, 51.7% were emergency admissions, 42.2% post-HSCT, 51.9% required mechanical ventilation, median APACHE II was 21 (IQR 16–25), and median organ failure numbered 2 (IQR 1–4). ICU, in-hospital, and 6 month mortalities were 33.7%, 45.7%, and 59.3%, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed bilirubin >32 µmol litre−1, mechanical ventilation, ≥2 organ failures, renal replacement therapy, vasopressor support (all P<0.001), graft-vs-host disease (P=0.007), APACHE II score (P=0.02), platelets ≤20×109 litre−1 (P=0.03), and proven invasive fungal infection (P=0.04) were associated with in-hospital mortality. Multivariate analysis revealed that ≥2 organ failures odds ratio (OR) 5.62; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 2.30–13.70 and mechanical ventilation (OR 3.03; 95% CI, 1.33–6.90) were independently associated with in-hospital mortality.
Mortality was lower than in previous studies. Mechanical ventilation and ≥2 organ failures were independently associated with in-hospital mortality. ‘Traditional' variables such as neutropenia, transplantation status, and APACHE II score no longer appear to be predictive.
Physical Time Within Human Time Gruber, Ronald P; Block, Richard A; Montemayor, Carlos
Frontiers in psychology,
03/2022, Letnik:
13
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
A possible solution is offered to help resolve the "two times problem" regarding the veridical and illusory nature of time. First it is recognized that the flow (passage) of time is part of a wider ...array of temporal experiences referred to as manifest time, all of which need to be reconciled. Then, an information gathering and utilizing system (IGUS) model is used as a basis for a view of manifest time. The model IGUS robot of Hartle that solves the "unique present" debate is enhanced with veridical and (corresponding) illusory components of not only the flow of time but also the larger entity of manifest time, providing a dualistic IGUS robot that represents all of the important temporal experiences. Based upon a variety of prior experiments, that view suggests that the veridical system is a reflection of accepted spacetime cosmologies and through natural selection begets the illusory system for functional purposes. Thus, there are not two opposing times, one outside and one inside the cranium. There is just one fundamental physical time which the brain developed, now possesses and is itself sufficient for adaption but then enhances. The illusory system is intended to provide a more satisfying experience of physical time, and better adaptive behavior. Future experiments to verify that view are provided. With a complete veridical system of temporal experiences there may be less need to reify certain temporal experiences so that the two times problem is less of a problem and more of a phenomenon.
This article provides a selective review of time perception research, mainly focusing on the authors' research. Aspects of psychological time include simultaneity, successiveness, temporal order, and ...duration judgments. In contrast to findings at interstimulus intervals or durations less than 3.0–5.0s, there is little evidence for an “across-senses” effect of perceptual modality (visual vs. auditory) at longer intervals or durations. In addition, the flow of time (events) is a pervasive perceptual illusion, and we review evidence on that. Some temporal information is encoded All rights reserved. relatively automatically into memory: People can judge time-related attributes such as recency, frequency, temporal order, and duration of events. Duration judgments in prospective and retrospective paradigms reveal differences between them, as well as variables that moderate the processes involved. An attentional-gate model is needed to account for prospective judgments, and a contextual-change model is needed to account for retrospective judgments.
•We present a selective review of time perception research.•Various processes are involved in psychological timing•We focus especially on the flow of time as it involves happening.•Applications arise by considering models of prospective and retrospective timing.•Psychological times (past, present, future) are not as dictated by physicists.
In machine learning driven surface inspection one often faces the issue that defects to be detected are difficult to make available for training, especially when pixel-wise labeling is required. ...Therefore, supervised approaches are not feasible in many cases. In this paper, this issue is circumvented by injecting synthetized defects into fault-free surface images. In this way, a fully convolutional neural network was trained for pixel-accurate defect detection on decorated plastic parts, reaching a pixel-wise PRC score of 78% compared to 8% that was reached by a state-of-the-art unsupervised anomaly detection method. In addition, it is demonstrated that a similarly good performance can be reached even when the network is trained on only five fault-free parts.
Photodegradable hydrogels have emerged as useful platforms for research on cell function, tissue engineering, and cell delivery as their physical and chemical properties can be dynamically controlled ...by the use of light. The photo‐induced degradation of such hydrogel systems is commonly based on the integration of photolabile o‐nitrobenzyl derivatives to the hydrogel backbone, because such linkers can be cleaved by means of one‐ and two‐photon absorption. Herein we describe a cytocompatible click‐based hydrogel containing o‐nitrobenzyl ester linkages between a hyaluronic acid backbone, which is photodegradable in the presence of cells. It is demonstrated for the first time that by using a cyclic benzylidene ketone‐based small molecule as photosensitizer the efficiency of the two‐photon degradation process can be improved significantly. Biocompatibility of both the improved two‐photon micropatterning process as well as the hydrogel itself is confirmed by cell culture studies.
Sensitized micropatterning of photodegradable hydrogels by means of two‐photon irradiation is possible. The efficiency of the photoscission of o‐nitrobenzyl ester linkages is enhanced by the modular addition of a two‐photon active small molecule to a preformed hyaluronic acid based hydrogel. Biocompatibility of the improved two‐photon micropatterning process as well as the hydrogel is confirmed by cell culture studies.
Microcompression tests were performed on focused-ion-beam-machined micropillars of several body-centered-cubic metals (W, Mo, Ta, and Nb) at room temperature. The relationship between yield strength ...and pillar diameter as well as the deformation morphologies were found to correlate with a parameter specific for bcc metals, i.e., the critical temperature T(c). This finding sheds new light on the phenomenon of small-scale plasticity in largely unexplored non-fcc metals.
Recently, much work has focused on the size effect in face centered cubic (fcc) structures, however few pillar studies have focused on body centered cubic (bcc) metals. This paper explores the role ...of bcc crystal structure on the size effect, through compression testing of 001 and 235 Molybdenum (Mo) small-scale pillars manufactured by focused ion beam (FIB). The pillar diameters ranged from 200
nm to 5
μm. Results show that the relationship between yield stress and diameter exhibits an inverse relationship (
σ
y
∝
d
−0.22 for 001 Mo and
σ
y
∝
d
−0.34 for 235 Mo) weaker than that observed for face centered cubic (fcc) metals (
σ
y
∝
d
−0.6 to −1.0). Additional tests at various loading rates revealed that small-scale Mo pillars exhibit a strain rate sensitivity similar to bulk Mo.
We consider finite deformations and bending of an elastic plate moving across a given domain. Velocities of the plate are kinematically prescribed at two parallel lines, which bound the region in the ...direction of motion. Inhomogeneity of the velocity profile at the exit from the domain results in planar deformations and out-of-plane buckling of the plate. The presented quasistatic analysis features a novel kinematic description, in which the coordinate in the direction of motion is a Eulerian one, while the displacements in transverse and the out-of-plane directions are modeled in a Lagrangian framework. The material volume is traveling across a finite element mesh, which is aligned to the boundaries of the domain. A concise mathematical formulation results in a robust numerical scheme without the need to solve the advection (transport) equation at each time step. The model is validated against solutions of a benchmark problem with a conventional Lagrangian finite element scheme. The approach is further demonstrated by modeling the time evolution of deformation of a moving plate.
•Optimal understeer characteristics for energy consumption reduction.•Set of rules for energy-efficient electric vehicle operation.•Novel feedforward-feedback torque-vectoring control algorithm.
In ...electric vehicles with multiple motors, the individual wheel torque control, i.e., the so-called torque-vectoring, significantly enhances the cornering response and active safety. Torque-vectoring can also increase energy efficiency, through the appropriate design of the reference understeer characteristic and the calculation of the wheel torque distribution providing the desired total wheel torque and direct yaw moment. To meet the industrial requirements for real vehicle implementation, the energy-efficiency benefits of torque-vectoring should be achieved via controllers characterised by predictable behaviour, ease of tuning and low computational requirements. This paper discusses a novel energy-efficient torque-vectoring algorithm for an electric vehicle with in-wheel motors, which is based on a set of rules deriving from the combined consideration of: i) the experimentally measured electric powertrain efficiency maps; ii) a set of optimisation results from a non-linear quasi-static vehicle model, including the computation of tyre slip power losses; and iii) drivability requirements for comfortable and safe cornering response. With respect to the same electric vehicle with even wheel torque distribution, the simulation results, based on an experimentally validated vehicle dynamics simulation model, show: a) up to 4% power consumption reduction during straight line operation at constant speed; b) >5% average input power saving in steady-state cornering at lateral accelerations >3.5 m/s2; and c) effective compensation of the yaw rate and sideslip angle oscillations during extreme transient tests.
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