Abstract
As a sodium superionic conductor, Mn‐rich phosphate of Na
3.4
Mn
1.2
Ti
0.8
(PO
4
)
3
is considered as one of the promising cathodes for sodium‐ion batteries owing to its good thermodynamic ...stability and high working voltage. However, Na
3.4
Mn
1.2
Ti
0.8
(PO
4
)
3
is faced with low electronic conductivity, poor cycling stability and complex phase transition caused by multi‐electron transfers, which limits its practical application. Herein, an anion‐regulated strategy is proposed to optimize the Mn‐rich Na
3.4
Mn
1.2
Ti
0.8
(PO
4
)
3
phosphate cathode. After introducing F anions into the lattice, the rate performance is improved from 60.5 to 72.8 mAh g
−1
at 20 C. Ascribed to unique structure design, the reaction kinetics of Na
3.4
Mn
1.2
Ti
0.8
(PO
4
)
3
are significantly improved, as demonstrated by cyclic voltammetry at varied scan rates and galvanostatic intermittent titration technique. The generated M‐F bond inhibits Jahn–Teller effect with an improved cycle stability (85.8 mAh g
−1
after 1000 cycles at 5 C with 94.3% capacity retention). Interestingly, reaction mechanism of Na
3.4
Mn
1.2
Ti
0.8
(PO
4
)
3
with the complex two‐phase and solid solution reactions changes to the whole solid solution reaction after fluorine substitution, and leads to a smaller volume change of 5.41% during reaction processes, which is verified by in situ X‐ray diffraction. This anion regulation strategy provides a new method for designing the high‐performance phosphate cathode materials of sodium‐ion batteries.
During multivalent ions insertion processes, intense electrostatic interaction between charge carriers and host makes the high‐performance reversible Al3+ storage remains an elusive target. On ...account of the strong electrostatic repulsion and poor robustness, Prussian Blue analogues (PBAs) suffer severely from the inevitable and large strain and phase change during reversible Al3+ insertion. Herein, we demonstrate an entropy‐driven strategy to realize ultralong life aqueous Al‐ion batteries (AIBs) based on medium entropy PBAs (ME‐PBAs) host. By multiple redox active centers introduction, the intrinsic poor conductivity can be enhanced simultaneously, resulting in outstanding capabilities of electrochemical Al3+ storage. Meanwhile, the co‐occupation at metal sites in PBA frameworks can also increase the M−N bond intensity, which is beneficial for constraining the phase change during consecutive Al3+ reversible insertion, to realize an extended lifespan over 10,000 cycles. Based on the calculation at different operation states, the fluctuation of ME‐PBA lattice parameters is only 1.2 %. Assembled with MoO3 anodes, the full cells can also deliver outstanding electrochemical properties. The findings highlight that, the entropy regulation strategy could uncover the isochronous constraint on both strain and phase transition for long‐term reversible Al3+ storage, providing a promising design for advanced electrode materials for aqueous multivalent ions batteries.
The successful implementation of an entropy‐regulation approach is proposed by using PBAs as cathode for aqueous AIBs, resulting in excellent electrochemical performance. As‐designed medium‐entropy cathode could deliver a high capacity for reversible Al3+ storage, which is attributed to the activation of numerous redox centres and low strain, further enabling ultra‐high rates of ion storage and an exceptionally long lifespan.
In this study, the electrochemical performance of Na3MnTi(PO4)3 material has been improved through cation/anion-dual regulation. This dual regulation provides a strategy for phosphate materials as an ...advanced cathode for sodium-ion batteries.
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Na3MnTi(PO4)3 (NMTP) emerges as a promising cathode material with high-performance for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Nevertheless, its development has been limited by several challenges, including poor electronic conductivity, the Mn3+ Jahn-Teller effect, and the presence of a Na+/Mn2+ cation mixture. To address these issues, we have developed a cation/anion-dual regulation strategy to activate the redox reactions involving manganese, thereby significantly enhancing the performance of NMTP. This strategy simultaneously enhances the structural dynamics and facilitates rapid ion transport at high rates by inducing the formation of sodium vacancy. The combined effects of these modifications lead to a substantial improvement in specific capacity (79.1 mAh/g), outstanding high-rate capabilities (35.9 mAh/g at 10C), and an ultralong cycle life (only 0.040 % capacity attenuation per cycle over 250 cycles at 1C for Na3.34Mn1.2Ti0.8(PO3.98F0.02)3) when used as a cathode material in SIBs. Furthermore, its performance in full cell demonstrates impressive rate capability (44.4 mAh/g at 5C) and exceptional cycling stability (with only 0.116 % capacity decay per cycle after 150 cycles at 1C), suggesting its potential for practical applications. This work presents a dual regulation strategy targeting different sites, offering a significant advancement in the development of NASICON phosphate cathodes for SIBs.
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in negative impacts on the economy, population health, and health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL).
Objective
To assess the impact of COVID-19 on US ...population HRQoL using the EQ-5D-5L.
Design
We surveyed respondents on physical and mental health, demographics, socioeconomics, brief medical history, current COVID-19 status, sleep, dietary, financial, and spending changes. Results were compared to online and face-to-face US population norms. Predictors of EQ-5D-5L utility were analyzed using both standard and post-lasso OLS regressions. Robustness of regression coefficients against unmeasured confounding was analyzed using the E-Value sensitivity analysis.
Subjects
Amazon MTurk workers (
n
=2776) in the USA.
Main Measures
EQ-5D-5L utility and VAS scores by age group.
Key Results
We received
n
=2746 responses. Subjects 18–24 years reported lower mean (SD) health utility (0.752 (0.281)) compared with both online (0.844 (0.184),
p
=0.001) and face-to-face norms (0.919 (0.127),
p
<0.001). Among ages 25–34, utility was worse compared to face-to-face norms only (0.825 (0.235) vs. 0.911 (0.111),
p
<0.001). For ages 35–64, utility was better during pandemic compared to online norms (0.845 (0.195) vs. 0.794 (0.247),
p
<0.001). At age 65+, utility values (0.827 (0.213)) were similar across all samples. VAS scores were worse for all age groups (
p
<0.005) except ages 45–54. Increasing age and income were correlated with increased utility, while being Asian, American Indian or Alaska Native, Hispanic, married, living alone, having history of chronic illness or self-reported depression, experiencing COVID-19-like symptoms, having a family member diagnosed with COVID-19, fear of COVID-19, being underweight, and living in California were associated with worse utility scores. Results were robust to unmeasured confounding.
Conclusions
HRQoL decreased during the pandemic compared to US population norms, especially for ages 18–24. The mental health impact of COVID-19 is significant and falls primarily on younger adults whose health outcomes may have been overlooked based on policy initiatives to date.
Sodium‐Ion BatteriesIn article number 2304046, Hong‐Yan Lü, Jin‐Zhi Guo, Xing‐Long Wu, and co‐workers introduce an anion regulation strategy for Mn‐rich phosphate cathode material ...(Na3.4Mn1.2Ti0.8(PO4)3), which improves the electrochemical performance and Na+ transfer, and realizes the single solid solution process of Na+ de/intercalation. This strategy provides a new method for designing high‐performance phosphate cathodes for sodium‐ion batteries.
Online longitudinal surveys may be subject to potential biases due to sample attrition. This study was designed to identify potential predictors of attrition using a longitudinal panel survey ...collected during the COVID-19 pandemic. Three waves of data were collected using Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk), an online crowd-sourced platform. For each wave, the study sample was collected by referencing a US national representative sample distribution of age, gender, and race, based on US census data. Variables included respondents' demographics, medical history, socioeconomic status, COVID-19 experience, changes of health behavior, productivity, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Results were compared to pre-pandemic US norms. Measures that predicted attrition at different times of the pandemic were identified via logistic regression with stepwise selection. 1467 of 2734 wave 1 respondents participated in wave 2 and, 964 of 2454 wave 2 respondents participated in wave 3. Younger age group, Hispanic origin (p less than or equai to 0.001) and higher self-rated survey difficulty (p less than or equai to 0.002) consistently predicted attrition in the following wave. COVID-19 experience, employment, productivity, and limited physical activities were commonly observed variables correlated with attrition with specific measures varying by time periods. From wave 1, mental health conditions, average daily hours worked (p = 0.004), and COVID-19 impact on work productivity (p < 0.001) were associated with a higher attrition rate at wave 2, additional to the aforementioned factors. From wave 2, support of social distancing (p = 0.032), being Republican (p < 0.001), and having just enough money to make ends meet (p = 0.003) were associated with predicted attrition at wave 3. Attrition in this longitudinal panel survey was not random. Besides commonly identified demographic factors that contribute to panel attrition, COVID-19 presented novel opportunities to address sample biases by correlating attrition with additional behavioral and HRQoL factors in a constantly evolving environment. While age, ethnicity, and survey difficulty consistently predicted attrition, other factors, such as COVID-19 experience, changes of employment, productivity, physical health, mental health, and financial situation impacted panel attrition during the pandemic at various degrees.
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the most common subtype of esophageal cancer and lacks effective treatment. A growing number of studies have confirmed that Frizzled class receptor 2 ...(FZD2), a receptor for Wnts, regulates cancer metastasis in cancers. This study aims to reveal the anti‐metastatic activity of miltirone on ESCC cells and its mechanism on FZD2 in vitro. Cell‐counting‐kit‐8 (CCK‐8) was used to detect the effect of miltirone on cell growth in ESCC cells. The invasion of ESCC cells was detected by wound healing and transwell assay. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expressions of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and the location of FZD2. Western blot and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q‐PCR) were used to detect levels of target genes, and FZD2 ubiquitination was detected by the co‐immunoprecipitation method. The levels of roof plate‐specific spondins (RSPO1‐4) in cells were determined by ELISA, q‐PCR, and western blot assays. Miltirone exhibits its strongest cytotoxicity with IC50 values of 6.80 μM and 8.43 μM for K30 and K150 cells, respectively. Miltirone inhibited the cell viability and expression of EMT markers, affecting the invasion ability of ESCC, attenuated the Wnt2/FZD2 pathway, and down‐regulated the level of FZD2, which is regulated by the ubiquitination of E3 ubiquitin ligase. Furthermore, we found that miltirone could reduce the expression of RSPO1, and RSPO2, increasing E3 protein levels, and promoting FZD2 ubiquitination, leading to the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of FZD2. Collectively, our results revealed that miltirone might be a promising drug for the treatment of ESCC, at least partly through regulation of the FZD2 ubiquitination.
Schematic diagram of mitirone‐inhibited ESCC. Mitirone inhibits the RSPO‐mediated ZNRF3/RNF43 degradation mechanism by reducing the expression of RSPO1 and RSPO2 in ESCC cell lines K30 and K150. The red box indicates the ubiquitination and degradation mechanism of FZD2 under the action of mitirone.
Hard carbon (HC) is broadly recognized as an exceptionally prospective candidate for the anodes of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), but their practical implementation faces substantial limitations linked ...to precursor factors, such as reduced carbon yield and increased cost. Herein, a cost-effective approach is proposed to prepare a coal-derived HC anode with simple pre-oxidation followed by a post-carbonization process which effectively expands the
d
002
layer spacing, generates closed pores and increases defect sites. Through these modifications, the resulting HC anode attains a delicate equilibrium between plateau capacity and sloping capacity, showcasing a remarkable reversible capacity of 306.3 mAh·g
−1
at 0.03 A·g
−1
. Furthermore, the produced HC exhibits fast reaction kinetics and exceptional rate performance, achieving a capacity of 289 mAh·g
−1
at 0.1 A·g
−1
, equivalent to ~ 94.5% of that at 0.03 A·g
−1
. When implemented in a full cell configuration, the impressive electrochemical performance is evident, with a notable energy density of 410.6 Wh·kg
−1
(based on cathode mass). In short, we provide a straightforward yet efficient method for regulating coal-derived HC, which is crucial for the widespread use of SIBs anodes.
Graphical abstract
Background Family physicians (FPs) play an important role in influenza vaccination. We investigated how local FP supply is associated with influenza vaccination, controlling for both individual-level ...and county-level characteristics. Methods The 2008-2010 individual-level data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were merged with county-level data from the Area Resource File (n = 985,157). Multivariate logistic analyses were performed to predict influenza vaccination using the number of FPs per 1000 population as the key predictor, adjusting for individual-level demographic, socioeconomic, and health information, as well as county-level racial composition and income level. Additional analyses were performed across racial/ethnic and employment status categories. Results Increasing local FP supply was associated with higher odds (adjusted odds ratio aOR, 1.58; 95% confidence interval CI, 1.49-1.67) and varied across racial/ethnic groups (Hispanic: aOR, 2.05, 95% CI, 1.55-2.72; non-Hispanic white: aOR, 1.57, 95% CI, 1.48-1.66; non-Hispanic black: aOR, 1.49, 95% CI, 1.18-1.89), employment status categories, and county types. Conclusions FP supply was significantly associated with influenza vaccination. The association was greatest among those who were Hispanic, residing in a rural area, or out of work. Our findings lend support to initiatives aimed at increasing the FP supply, particularly among disadvantaged populations.
Utilizing the anionic redox reaction opens new approaches for the development of new cathode materials with extra capacities. Although, it suffers from several obstacles such as voltage hysteresis ...and sluggish kinetics. In this paper, a new layered chalcogenide-based on dual anionic-redox reaction is reported. The newly designed layered NaCrSSe exhibits the capacity of almost all Na + intercalation/deintercalation (137 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1), and a unique charge/discharge feature with a small polarization of 0.15 V and high energy efficiencies of ~92% in initial cycles. Furthermore, a superior high-rate charge capacity of 115.5mAh g−1 (83.7% retention) was achieved at 27.8 C (4000 mA g−1). Systematic characterization studies on structure evolution and DFT calculation show the charge compensation of S and Se anions during cycling. These results will enrich the anion redox chemistry and provide valuable information for developing new anion-redox based cathode materials with high capacity and fast kinetics.
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•Reversible dual anionic redox reaction of S and Se in NaCrSxSe(2-x) was reported.•All Na in NaCrSSe could be extracted with a two-phase reaction.•High-rate capability, low polarization, and no voltage hysteresis were achieved.•Non-crystallization should be responsible for capacity fading.
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