Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer for females and its incidence tends to increase year by year. Currently, the backbone of therapy for BC is mainly chemotherapy, however its toxicity in ...normal cells and acquired tumor resistance to the drug used are considered as the main barriers. Therefore, there is still an urgent need for the development of more effective and safer anti-BC agents. Based on previous reference documents in recent years, this review covers the work reported on the anti-BC compounds which are classified according to the structures. This review summarized 185 significant anti-BC compounds which are classified by functional groups according to the animal model data, although there would be some limitations with the data. This review highlights the properties of new compounds endowed with promising anti-BC properties, which may be proven to be more effective and selective, and possibly free of unwanted side effects. The reviewed compounds represent an interesting possibility to overcome BC and to reduce the percentage of patients with a poor response to drug therapy.
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer for females and its incidence tends to increase year by year.
As a major public health achievement, disinfection of drinking water significantly decreases outbreaks of waterborne disease, but produces drinking water disinfection by-products (DBPs) ...unfortunately. The haloacetic acids (HAAs) including bromoacetic acid (BAA), the second major class of DBPs, are considered as a global public health concern. BAA has been identified as cytotoxic, genotoxic, mutagenic, carcinogenic, and teratogenic in somatic cells. However, the toxic effects of BAA on oocyte maturation remain obscure. Herein, we documented that exposure to BAA compromised mouse oocyte maturation in vitro, causing blocked polar body extrusion (PBE). Meiotic progression analysis demonstrated that exposure to BAA induced the activated spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) mediated metaphase I (MI) arrest in oocytes. Further study revealed that exposure to BAA resulted in the hyperacetylation of α-tubulin, disrupting spindle assembly and chromosome alignment, which is responsible for the activation of SAC. Besides, the organization of actin, the other major component of cytoskeleton in oocytes, was disturbed after BAA exposure. In addition, exposure to BAA altered the status of histone H3 methylation and 5 mC, indicative of the damaged epigenetic modifications. Moreover, we found that exposure to BAA induced DNA damage in a dose-dependent manner in oocytes. Collectively, our study evidenced that exposure to BAA intervened mouse oocyte maturation via disrupting cytoskeletal dynamics, damaging epigenetic modifications and inducing accumulation of DNA damage.
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•BAA exposure significantly compromised oocyte maturation in mouse.•BAA exposure disrupted cytoskeletal dynamics in mouse oocytes.•BAA exposure caused SAC continuous activation and meiotic arrest.•BAA exposure altered epigenetic modifications in mouse oocytes.•BAA exposure induced DNA damage accumulation in mouse oocytes.
Objective
Although pilon fractures are rare in clinical practice, they are difficult to treat because of their complexity. Effective fixation of the fracture fragment is the key to the treatment of ...pilon fractures. Plate osteosynthesis is common clinically, but there are many types of plates and the evaluation of the effect of fixation plates is not comprehensive.
This study attempted to compare the capture effect of different fixation plates on the fracture fragments based on 3D modeling and fine distinctions of fracture fragments.
Methods
The computed tomography (CT) images before treatment of 127 patients with pilon fractures from January 2019 to December 2021 were retrospectively collected. The fracture lines were mapped and digitally displayed as 3D images using MIMICS 21 software. APLUS distal tibia anatomical locking plate (Plate A) and ZIMMER distal tibia anatomical plate (Plate B) were placed on a pseudo‐bone model and CT scans were used to determine the number of screws in the major and minor fragments of pilon fractures. The frequency of the two plates capturing the fracture fragments was recorded.
Results
Under Assumption 1 or 2, Plate A performed significantly better than Plate B in capturing the major, Chaput, Volkmann, medial malleolus, and die‐punch fracture fragments. Plate A captured markedly more minor fragments than Plate B under Assumption 2 but was not significantly different from Plate B under Assumption 1. Plate A or Plate B showed no obvious difference between major and minor capture rates under the same assumption, and A1 or B1 showed a markedly higher capture rate compared with A2 or B2. In addition, there was a significant positive correlation between the major capture rate and the major fragments in B1, and a significant negative correlation between the minor capture rate and the minor fragments in Plates A and B. However, there was no correlation between the major capture rate of Plate A and the major fragments.
Conclusion
The APLUS distal tibial anatomical locking plate is superior to the ZIMMER distal tibia anatomical plate in the ability to capture distal tibial fragments in pilon fracture cases.
This work study is the compatibility, phase structure, and component interaction of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and glycidyl methacrylate grafted poly(ethylene octane) (GMA-g-POE denoted as mPOE) blend ...by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), respectively. All the binary blend compositions exhibit two distinct glass transition temperatures corresponding to the mPOE-rich and PLA-rich phases, respectively. Moreover, these two peaks approach each other with increasing mPOE content, indicating partial compatibility between the PLA and mPOE. Chemical reactions between the end carboxyl groups of the PLA and epoxy groups of the mPOE are considered as the driving force of the enhanced compatibility. They lead to an increase in viscosity of the blends and a decrease in the structural symmetry of PLA. This result brings about a decrease in the spherulite growth rate and the degree of crystallinity. Glass transition temperature (
T
g) depression of mPOE is attributed to the negative pressure imposed on the dispersed rubber phase, resulting from differential contraction due to the thermal shrinkage mismatch upon cooling from the melt state. The negative pressure in the dispersed particles, in turn, would cause a dilational effect for the matrix ligament between the particles, and therefore increases the ductility and toughness of PLA.
•BDN using nanocellulose as cell scaffold and diuron-degrading bacteria was developed.•The adsorption and microbial degradation acted as a joint mechanism in diuron removal.•BDN was applicable to the ...removal of diuron and other PUHs in environmental matrices.
The environmental impacts of diuron have generated growing interest in remediation methods to prevent the potential threat of diuron to ecosystem integrity and human beings. Here, a simple and effective nanocellulose-based biocomposite coupled with Arthrobacter globiformis D47 as a herbicide degrader is presented for the rapid elimination of diuron. First, bacterium D47 was immobilized on the fiber networks of the nanocellulose, forming a bacteria-decorated nanocellulose (BDN) that outperformed direct utilization of bacterial suspensions for diuron decomposition. More importantly, the advantageous features of BDN could remarkably broaden its applicability since the bio-hybrid material rapidly degraded diuron and its major metabolite 3,4-dichloroaniline at low concentrations (1–10 mg L−1). In addition, the morphology of BDN revealed the excellent biocompatibility of nanocellulose as cell scaffolding for bacterial proliferation. Then, the adsorption capacity of the nanocellulose and the enzymatic metabolism of the bacteria were validated as a joint mechanism of the BDN biocomposites in the removal of diuron. In addition, the wide applicability of BDN was further verified by the degradation of diuron in environmental matrices and other phenylurea herbicide targets. Therefore, the novel microorganism-immobilized nanocellulose composites provide a promising alternative material combining functional microorganisms with emerging nanomaterials, which may facilitate the bioremediation of organic xenobiotic pollution in complex environments.
Ellagitannins in Phyllanthus emblica L. (emblic leafflower fruits) have been thought of as the beneficial constituents for ameliorating endocrinal and metabolic diseases including diabetes. However, ...the effect of emblic leafflower fruits on diabetic vascular complications involved in ellagitannin-derived urolithin metabolites is still rare. In this study, acetylcholine-induced endothelium-independent relaxation in aortas was facilitated upon emblic leafflower fruit consumption in the single dose streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic rats. Emblic leafflower fruit consumption also suppressed the phosphorylation of Akt (Thr308) in the hyperglycemic aortas. More importantly, urolithin A (UroA) and its derived phase II metabolites were identified as the metabolites upon emblic leafflower fruit consumption by HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS. Moreover, UroA reduced the protein expressions of phosphor-Akt (Thr308) and β-catenin in a high glucose-induced A7r5 vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation model. Furthermore, accumulation of β-catenin protein and activation of Wnt signaling in LiCl-triggered A7r5 cells were also ameliorated by UroA treatment. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that emblic leafflower fruit consumption facilitates the vascular function in hyperglycemic rats by regulating Akt/β-catenin signaling, and the effects are potentially mediated by the ellagitannin metabolite urolithin A.
•Carryover utility of cascade hydropower stations is defined as a function of the carryover potential energy.•Utility function of the carryover potential energy (UFCPE) is obtained by a successive ...iteration method.•UFCPE-based two-stage optimal operation model outperforms the conventional rules and conventional optimization method.
Challenge remains to find the optimal carryover storage to balance the immediate and carryover utilities for long-term hydropower reservoir operation due to low forecast accuracy, limited foresight, and complex hydrologic, hydraulic and electric connections between cascade hydropower reservoirs. Thus, this paper proposes a long-term optimal operation model to dynamically control the optimal carryover storages for cascade hydropower reservoirs. First, the carryover utility of cascade hydropower stations is expressed as a function of the carryover potential energy rather than the carryover storage, thus decreasing the function parameters and using the limited prior knowledge. Then, the utility function of the carryover potential energy (UFCPE) is fitted by a quadratic function based on a successive iteration method, based on which a two-stage optimal operation model (TSOOM) is developed to guide the long-term optimal operation of cascade hydropower stations. The case study with five cascade hydropower stations in the Yalong River Basin shows that: 1) UFCPE can be well fitted by a quadratic function, and it increases linearly in the dry season, but monotonically at a decreasing rate in the flood season resulting from a large quantity of surplus water; and 2) The performance of UFCPE-based TSOOM is much superior to those of conventional rules and conventional optimization methods and quite close to that of dynamic programming successive approximation in guiding the long-term cascade hydropower reservoirs operation.
The active-site structure, reaction mechanism, and product selectivity of the industrially important selective hydrogenation of 1,3-butadiene are investigated using first principles for an emerging ...single-atom Pd catalyst anchored on graphene. Density functional theory calculations suggest that the mono-π-adsorbed reactant undergoes sequential hydrogenation by Pd-activated H
. Importantly, the high selectivity towards 1-butene is attributed to the post-transition-state dynamics in the second hydrogenation step, which leads exclusively to the desorption of the product. This dynamical event prevails despite the existence of energetically preferred 1-butene adsorption on Pd, which would eventually lead to complete hydrogenation to butane and be thus inconsistent with experimental observations. This insight underscores the importance of dynamics in heterogeneous catalysis, which has so far been underappreciated.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of artesunate on Th1 differentiation and its anti-tumor effect on ovarian cancer. A Murine ovarian cancer model was established by ID8 cells ...transplantation. The expression of miR-142 and Sirt1 proteins in peripheral CD4+ T cells were quantified with qRT-PCR and western blot, respectively. Peripheral CD4+ T cells were induced for Th1 differentiation. The percentages of apoptosis of Th1/CD4+ T cells and ovarian cancer cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. The IFN-γ level was examined through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Artesunate promoted miR-142 expression in peripheral CD4+ T cells and Th1 differentiation from CD4+ T cells. Artesunate promoted cell apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells by inducing Th1 differentiation. By up-regulating miR-142, artesunate suppressed Sirt1 level and promoted Th1 differentiation. Artesunate enhanced the pro-apoptotic effects of Th1 cells on ovarian cancer via the miR-142/Sirt1 pathway. Artesunate promoted Th1 differentiation from CD4+ T cells by down-regulating Sirt1 through miR-142, thereby enhancing cell apoptosis in ovarian cancer.
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