Transcription factor E93 is a steroid hormone ecdysone early response gene and plays crucial roles in both the degradation of larval tissues and the formation of adult organs during insect ...metamorphosis with the prepupal-pupal-adult transition. However, the molecular mechanism underlying E93 regulation is poorly understood. In this study, we found that specific knockdown of the E93 gene in the Drosophila wing disrupted wing development. Analyzing ChIP-seq signals for E93 in Drosophila wing identified that the decapentaplegic (Dpp) gene was a potential downstream target of E93. ChIP-PCR analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed that E93 could bind to the Dpp promoter and enhanced its activity. Furthermore, the expressions of Dpp and other components in the Dpp signaling pathway were upregulated following E93 overexpression in Drosophila S2 cells but were decreased after E93 knockdown in the wing. Moreover, the impairment of the Dpp signaling pathway phenocopied the defects of E93 knockdown on wing development. Taken together, our results suggest that E93 modulates the Dpp signaling pathway to regulate wing development during Drosophila metamorphosis.
•Wing-specific knockdown of the E93 gene in Drosophila impedes wing development.•The Dpp gene is identified as a novel target of Drosophila E93.•E93 promotes Dpp signaling during Drosophila wing development.
•LePV1 from genetically-diverse/geographically far away L. edodes strains are highly conserved.•LePV1 isolates were grouped into two distinct groups without geographical bias.•RdRp gene undergoes a ...stronger negative selection pressure than CP gene.
Lentinula edodes partitivirus 1 (LePV1), a new mycovirus possibly responsible for serious morphological deformities during L. edodes cultivation, is widespread in the Chinese L. edodes germplasm. Here, LePV1 isolates from the Chinese genetically-diverse L. edodes core collection were identified to be highly conserved and devoid of codivergence between virus and its hosts. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the LePV1 isolates could be grouped into two distinct clades (subtype I and subtype II), without geographical bias in the composition of this population. Compared with the other LePV1 isolates, one non-synonymous variation was observed in the LePV1 isolate from the symptomatic strain SX12. Purifying selection appears to be the main evolutionary force acting on LePV1 and it may be subject to negative selection. Based on the aforementioned results, the domestication history of L. edodes in China and the high frequency of virus incidence in basidiospores, we postulate that LePV1 may exist in nature and have had relationship with L. edodes wild strains since early times. Moreover, wind-blown spores carrying LePV1 may play an important role for the transmission of LePV1 in nature, while artificial activities such as vegetative propagation and hybridization breeding may also transmit virus from wild strains to cultivated ones.
We report a new fungal disease, named stipe black rot, in a cultivation factory of Flammulina filiformis (an edible mushroom cultivated worldwide) in China. The pathogen was identified as ...Cladosporium anthropophilum by phylogenetic analysis and morphology characterization. C. anthropophilum was characterized to mainly infect the stipe bottom and cause stipe blackening and rot, with its optimal mycelial growth conditions consisting of 25°C, pH 7, and carbon and nitrogen sources of soluble starch and sodium nitrate, respectively. Furthermore, inhibitory evaluation showed that hydrogen peroxide silver disinfectant (HPSD) can efficiently inhibit the mycelial growth of C. anthropophilum, followed by the aqueous extracts of garlic and onion. This study identified C. anthropophilum as the pathogen for the new F. filiformis black rot disease and HPSD as an effective antagonist against the pathogen, which facilitates the understanding of fungal diseases and their control in edible mushrooms.
Coprinus comatus is an edible mushroom widely cultivated in China as a delicious food. Various diseases have occurred on C. comatus with the cultivated area increasing. In this study, the pathogenic ...bacterium JTG-B1, identified as Achromobacter xylosoxidans by 16S rDNA and nrdA gene sequencing, was isolated from edible mushroom Coprinus comatus with serious rot disease on its stipe. A. xylosoxidans has been confirmed as an important opportunistic human pathogenic bacterium and has been isolated from respiratory samples from cystic fibrosis. It is widely distributed in the environment. Here, we first report that fungi can also serve as a host for A. xylosoxidans. We confirmed that it can cross-kingdom infect between animals (mice) and fungi (C. comatus). The results of pathogenicity tests, physiological, biochemical and genotyping analysis of A. xylosoxidans from different hosts suggested that different strain of A. xylosoxidans may have pathogenicity differentiation. A. xylosoxidans not only is pathogenic to C. comatus but also may threaten human health.
Lentinula edodes, one of the most important edible mushrooms in China, is affected heavily by the infection of green mold that overgrows mushroom mycelia. We collected the diseased samples from main ...L. edodes cultivation regions in China to characterize the pathogen and to study the effect of Trichoderma spp. on L. edodes species. We identified six Trichoderma species, that is, T. harzianum, T. atroviride, T. viride, T. pleuroticola, T. longibrachiatum, and T. oblongisporum based on the internal transcribed spacer or tef1‐α sequences and morphology characteristics. In confrontation cultures on Petri plates or in tubes, and in L. edodes cultures in a medium containing Trichoderma metabolites, L. edodes mycelia were not only distorted and swollen, but also inhibited by Trichoderma isolates. It is not possible that adjusting pH value or temperature is used for controlling L. edodes green disease, because the growth of most of Trichoderma isolates and L. edodes shared similar pH and temperature conditions.
We collected Trichoderma species on L. edodes rot logs. They were identified as T. harzianum, T. atroviride, T. viride, T. pleuroticola, T. longibrachiatum, and T. oblongisporum based on the internal transcribed spacer or tef1‐α sequences and morphology characteristics.
Developing practical and mild strategies for the direct functionalization of white phosphorus (P4) without chlorination is an appealing but formidable challenge. To this end, we report a breakthrough ...in the preparation of structurally diverse dialkylphosphines and trialkylphosphines that rely on the successive generation of carbon‐centered radicals from N‐hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) esters and the controllable alkylation of the P4 molecule under transition‐metal‐ and photocatalyst‐free conditions. To facilitate separation and prevent product losses during purification, the corresponding oxidation products dialkylphosphine oxides (DAPOs) and trialkylphosphine oxides (TAPOs) were isolated. This photoinduced phosphorylation reaction features one‐pot operation, high product selectivity, and tolerates a broad range of alkyl NHPI esters, including derivatives of complex natural products and pharmaceuticals. Further diversified transformation of DAPOs to construct P−F, P−C, P−N, and P−O bonds was also demonstrated.
Functionalization of white phosphorus (P4) with N‐hydroxyphthalimide esters to synthesize dialkylphosphines and trialkylphosphines under transition‐metal‐ and photocatalyst‐free conditions is presented. The oxidation products can be isolated in high yield via the air oxidation of alkylated phosphines.
Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of patients with brain metastases from gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) in the real world.
Methods
...Analyzing the clinicopathological characteristics, treatment process, and prognosis of 14 GTN patients with brain metastases admitted to the West China Second University Hospital between January 2006 and December 2020.
Results
The median FIGO prognostic score was 15 points (range 11–21 points), with 12 cases having 13 points or more (extremely high risk). All patients received combination chemotherapy. The first-line regimen included 5-Fluorouracil, dactinomycin, and intrathecal methotrexate (5-FU + KSM + intrathecal MTX), and etoposide + methotrexate + actinomycin D/cyclophosphamide and vincristine (EMA-CO). Two patients died during the early period after diagnosis of brain metastases. A further patient with GTN Stage III failed to achieve a negative serum β human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) after receiving chemotherapy in another hospital. Ten months after self-discontinuation of treatment, the disease progressed and she was admitted to our hospital with suspected liver and brain metastases, after which she abandoned treatment and was lost to follow-up. Among the remaining 11 patients, one relapsed once and two relapsed three times. Aside from the two patients who died and the one who was lost to follow-up, the remaining 11 patients had a median follow-up time of 89 months (range 35–148 months) and all achieved complete remission.
Conclusion
The overall survival rate of the patients in the present study was 78.57% through combination chemotherapy, symptomatic treatment, and co-treatment with brain radiotherapy for some patients. Enhancing the understanding of this disease and standardizing treatment are key to improving the overall survival rate of GTN patients with brain metastases.
Ovarian cancer is mostly diagnosed at an advanced stage due to the absence of effective screening methods and specific symptoms. Repeated chemotherapy resistance and recurrence before PARPi are used ...as maintenance therapies, lead to low survival rates and poor prognosis. Apoptotic cell death plays a crucial role in ovarian cancer, which is proved by current researches. With the ongoing development of targeted therapy, non-apoptotic cell death has shown substantial potential in tumor prevention and treatment, including autophagy, ferroptosis, necroptosis, immunogenic cell death, pyroptosis, alkaliptosis, and other modes of cell death. We systematically reviewed the research progress on the role of non-apoptotic cell death in the onset, development, and outcome of ovarian cancer. This review provides a more theoretical basis for exploring therapeutic targets, reversing drug resistance in refractory ovarian cancer, and establishing risk prediction models that help realize the clinical transformation of vital drugs.
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•Non-apoptotic cell death offers a unique field for tumor prevention and treatment.•Autophagy plays a crucial role in reversing drug resistance in ovarian cancer.•Research on ferroptosis mostly focused on genes, RNA, and therapeutic targets.•Immunogenic cell death is a great breakthrough in ovarian cancer immunotherapy.•Applying the interaction among different cell deaths to treatment is a new field.
•A lysosome-targeted fluorescent probe was developed to monitor pH changes in vivo and vitro.•The probe exhibited high sensitivity, good selectivity, low toxicity and excellent biocompatibility.•The ...probe has good optical response and good linearity over a wide pH range (pH=2.0–10.0).•The probe can quantitatively detect the pH values in real food samples with accurate detection results.•The fluorescent probe can be used for visualizing pH changes in lysosomes of the living cells.
Abnormal fluctuations in intracellular pH may trigger dysfunction of cells and corresponding tissues, including inflammation, Alzheimer's disease, cancer, and so on. Thus, dynamic monitoring of intracellular pH values and the range of their fluctuations are of great physiological value. In this article, we have synthesized a lysosome-targeting fluorescent probe that exhibits intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) as the dominant mechanism. The probe has the advantages of excellent optical response, membrane permeability, and high resolution. In addition, the probe has good linearity over a wide pH range from 2.0 to 10.0, which can detect the pH values in real complex food samples (apple juice, peach juice, black tea, tea π, and lemon tea). Furthermore, the probe has been successfully applied in targeted imaging of lysosomes for pH changes. To sum up, the probe has capacity to be used for detecting various pH fluctuations in vitro and vivo.
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