In this paper, we mainly prove some congruences involving binomial coefficients and binary quadratic forms. One such example is the following: Let
p
b be a prime such that
p
=
x
2
+
2
y
2
≡
1
(
mod
8
...)
. Then,
p
∑
k
=
0
p
-
1
2
k
k
2
(
8
k
+
1
)
16
k
≡
3
p
∑
k
=
0
p
-
1
2
k
k
2
(
8
k
+
3
)
16
k
≡
4
x
2
-
2
p
-
p
2
4
x
2
(
mod
p
3
)
.
In this paper, we mainly prove the following conjecture of SunCongruences involving binomial coefficients and Apery-like numbers, Publ. Math. Debrecen 96 (2020), pp. 315-346: Let p>3 be a prime. Then
...where
and
stand for the nth Franel number and nth Euler number, respectively.
Emerging evidence has revealed that excessive activation of macrophages may result in an adverse lung inflammation involved in sepsis-related acute lung injury (ALI). However, it has never been ...clearly identified whether peripheral circulating serum exosomes participate in the pathogenesis of sepsis-related ALI. Therefore, the purposes of our study were to investigate the effect of serum exosomes on macrophage activation and elucidate a novel mechanism underlying sepsis-related ALI. Here we found that exosomes were abundant in the peripheral blood from ALI mice and selectively loaded microRNAs (miRNAs), such as miR-155. In vivo experiments revealed that intravenous injection of serum exosomes harvested from ALI mice, but not control mice, increased the number of M1 macrophages in the lung, and it caused lung inflammation in naive mice. In vitro, we demonstrated that serum exosomes from ALI mice delivered miR-155 to macrophages, stimulated nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation, and induced the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6. Furthermore, we also showed that serum exosome-derived miR-155 promoted macrophage proliferation and inflammation by targeting SHIP1 and SOCS1, respectively. Collectively, our data suggest the important role of circulating exosomes secreted into peripheral blood as a key mediator of septic lung injury via exosome-shuttling miR-155.
Excessive activation of macrophages may result in severe lung injury. Deng et al. demonstrate that peripheral circulating serum exosomes could transfer miR-155 into lung macrophages and then activate macrophages during sepsis. The present report reveals the importance of peripheral circulating exosomes in the development of septic lung injury.
In this paper, we prove two supercongruences conjectured by Z.-W. Sun via the Wilf–Zeilberger method. One of them is, for any prime
p
> 3,
4
F
3
7
6
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
6
1
1
|
-
1
8
p
-
1
2
=
p
(
-
2
p
...)
+
p
3
4
(
2
p
)
E
p
-
3
(
mod
p
4
)
,
where
(
·
p
)
stands for the Legendre symbol, and
E
n
is the
n
-th Euler number.
N,N′‐disubstituted‐4,4‐bipyridinium (viologen) compounds and polyoxometalates (POMs) are two large groups of photochromic materials. In this work, we studied the photochromic property and colour ...modulation property of hydrogen bonding POMs–viologen hybrids. Taking the reported (H2pipz)3Mo8O27 (1: no viologen containing) and (C14H11N4O)2Mo8O26 (2) as important examples and combining with the two reported POM–viologen crystalline hybrids, we have demonstrated that C14H11N4OCl2 viologen ligands do participate in the coloration process. Moreover, it can also tune the photochromic property of polyoxomolybdates, displaying a colour modulation effect. This work develops a new colour modulation method based on Polyoxomolybdate–Viologen hybrid photochromic materials and may help to improve the performance of the well‐known photochromic polyoxomolybdate family.
Viologen as photochromic ligand is expected to become a colour modulator in photochromism of polyoxomolybdate–viologen hybrids through pulling electrons.
Six different types of cancer (i.e., breast, lung, colorectal, esophageal, gastric, and thyroid cancer) have high rates of incidence or mortality worldwide. It has been shown that activation of de ...novo lipogenesis is an early and common event in the cancer microenvironment. In this study, we performed lipid imaging and profiling for 134 tissue samples from six different types of cancer using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, with 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid and 1,8-bis(dimethyl-amino)naphthalene as matrices in the positive and negative ion modes, respectively. Multivariate statistical analysis coupled with lipid distribution images revealed that significantly increased levels of monounsaturated fatty acids and monounsaturated phosphatidylcholines relative to polyunsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholines were observed in the cancer microenvironment compared with the adjacent normal tissue. The immunohistochemical assay indicated that fatty acid synthase, stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1, and choline kinase α were up-regulated in the cancer microenvironment compared with the adjacent normal tissue. Our findings suggest that de novo lipogenesis was activated in six types of cancer to promote a biosynthesis of lipids with monounsaturated acyl chains and to suppress a biosynthesis of polyunsaturated lipids in the cancer microenvironment.
Messenger RNA (mRNA)-based therapeutics hold the potential to cause a major revolution in the pharmaceutical industry because they can be used for precise and individualized therapy, and enable ...patients to produce therapeutic proteins in their own bodies without struggling with the comprehensive manufacturing issues associated with recombinant proteins. Compared with the current therapeutics, the production of mRNA is much cost-effective, faster and more flexible because it can be easily produced by in vitro transcription, and the process is independent of mRNA sequence. Moreover, mRNA vaccines allow people to develop personalized medications based on sequencing results and/or personalized conditions rapidly. Along with the great potential from bench to bedside, technical obstacles facing mRNA pharmaceuticals are also obvious. The stability, immunogenicity, translation efficiency, and delivery are all pivotal issues need to be addressed. In the recently published research results, these issues are gradually being overcome by state-of-the-art development technologies. In this review, we describe the structural properties and modification technologies of mRNA, summarize the latest advances in developing mRNA delivery systems, review the preclinical and clinical applications, and put forward our views on the prospect and challenges of developing mRNA into a new class of drug.
Aims
Mild Cognitive impairment (MCI) is common in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. The impaired cognitive function had harmful effect on patients’ diabetic conditions. This study aimed to ...estimate the prevalence of MCI in T2DM (T2DM-MCI) patients by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.
Methods
We carried out a literature search until June 1, 2020, for all observational studies in the following databases: Medline (PubMed), Web of Science, and Embase. Two independent reviewers initially screened the eligible articles. Then, a meta-analysis (random effects model) was conducted to estimate the prevalence of MCI in people with T2DM with STATA 16.
Results
A total of 1808 articles were first considered after reading title and abstract, 12 of which remained after reviewing the full text. The combined prevalence of MCI in T2DM patients was estimated to be 45.0% (95% CI=36.0, 54.0). There was no significant heterogeneity through meta-regression and sensitivity analysis. Overall, Europe (
n
=2,
r
=36.6%, 95% CI=26.3, 46.9, I
2
=82.3%) had a lower prevalence than Asia (
n
=10,
r
=46.4%, 95% CI=36.2, 56.6, I
2
=98%). The overall prevalence in female patients (
n
=14,
r
=46.9%, 95% CI=34, 59.8, I
2
=98.3%) was higher than that in male patients (
n
=14,
r
=38.8%, 95% CI=27, 50.7, I
2
=98%). Subgroup analysis based on age demonstrated a lower prevalence in patients older than 60 years (
n
=9,
r
=44.3%, 95% CI=33.1, 55.6, I
2
=98.3%) than patients younger than 60 years (
n
=3,
r
=46.4%, 95% CI=33.3, 59.5, I
2
=91.2%).
Conclusion
Our results demonstrate that the pooled estimated prevalence of mild cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients is high worldwide, especially in China Asia. Primary care clinicians should pay more attention to the cognitive function of T2DM patients, as mild cognitive impairment is one of the risk factors for Alzheimer's disease.
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