The mitochondrial genome plays a crucial role in the balance of energy and heat production in organisms and, thus, may be under natural selection due to its potential role in adaptive divergence and ...speciation. Here, we studied natural selection on the mitogenome of Acrossocheilus (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae), a genus of fish that inhabits a broad latitudinal distribution ranging from the tropics and subtropics through temperate regions. Specifically, we used 25 published mitogenome sequences of Acrossocheilus species to investigate phylogenetic relationships in this genus and detected signals of positive selection on 13 protein-coding, mitochondrial genes. We found that relaxed purifying selection and genetic drift were the predominant evolutionary forces acting on the analyzed mitogenomes. However, we also found evidence of diversifying selection on some codons, indicating episodes of positive selection. Additionally, we analyzed the mitogenomic data within an environmental modeling framework and found that the Ka/Ks ratio of ATP6 may correlated with a mean diurnal temperature range (p = 0.0449), while the Ka/Ks ratio of COX2 may correlated with precipitation during the driest month (p = 0.00761). These results suggest that the mitogenomes of Acrossocheilus species may be involved in evolutionary adaptations to different habitats. Based on this, we believe that our study provides a new insight into the role of the mitochondrial genome of Acrossocheilus species in adaptation to different environments. During our study, we also discovered several cases of paraphyly and polyphyly among accessions of species and their putative synonyms. Thus, our study suggests that a careful reassessment of the taxonomy of Acrossocheilus is using high-quality molecular data merited.
With the powerfulness of convolution neural networks (CNN), CNN based face reconstruction has recently shown promising performance in reconstructing detailed face shape from 2D face images. The ...success of CNN-based methods relies on a large number of labeled data. The state-of-the-art synthesizes such data using a coarse morphable face model, which however has difficulty to generate detailed photo-realistic images of faces (with wrinkles). This paper presents a novel face data generation method. Specifically, we render a large number of photo-realistic face images with different attributes based on inverse rendering. Furthermore, we construct a fine-detailed face image dataset by transferring different scales of details from one image to another. We also construct a large number of video-type adjacent frame pairs by simulating the distribution of real video data.11.All these coarse-scale and fine-scale photo-realistic face image datasets can be downloaded from https://github.com/Juyong/3DFace. With these nicely constructed datasets, we propose a coarse-to-fine learning framework consisting of three convolutional networks. The networks are trained for real-time detailed 3D face reconstruction from monocular video as well as from a single image. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that our framework can produce high-quality reconstruction but with much less computation time compared to the state-of-the-art. Moreover, our method is robust to pose, expression and lighting due to the diversity of data.
Voice behavior has been extensively explored, but its effect on leaders, particularly at the team level, has been overlooked. Enlightened by self-expansion theory and followership research, we ...theorize that employee voice can boost leaders’ managerial self-efficacy (team level) via leader self-expansion. We tested our hypotheses using a time-lagged survey with 67 teams (298 employees and 67 supervisors). Results from multilevel structural equation modeling confirmed our hypotheses, showing employee voice has a positive relationship with leaders’ self-expansion, which in turn affects leaders’ managerial self-efficacy at the team level. The study offers novel insights into employee voice consequences and followership research.
Cellular data is a sequence of base station‐interaction data that records user ID, timestamp, location area code (LAC), and cell identity (CID). With long observation periods, the data allows traffic ...planners to analyze coarse‐granularity user travel behaviours at low costs. However, utilizing cellular data for urban planning is not an easy task as the data lacks user socioeconomic attributes due to privacy issues. The data is also challenging to recognize user activity types. This paper proposed an activity‐based model (ABM) with skeleton schedule constraints for multi‐day cellular data. The model first infers the activity pattern and home location. Then it predicts start time, duration, and locations separately for primary and secondary activities. Next, the model infers the travel mode and path considering user multi‐day travel behaviour, path non‐linear coefficient, and transfers. Finally, a time adjustment module is proposed to avoid time conflicts in consecutive activities. The proposed activity‐based model is validated at activity, travel, and path levels. Results show that the proposed model can effectively predict activities and has much higher stability than existing ABMs based on travel surveys.
We proposed an improved ABM framework for the multi‐day cellular data. The model makes up for the lack of personal socioeconomic attributes and activity types in cellular data. It also considers the skeleton schedules of users and leverages multiple machine learning algorithms to predict the activity start times, locations, and durations. This study provides new insights for improving ABMs for big data.
Although advice seeking has attracted increasing attention from scholars, research exploring the antecedents of advice seeking remains relatively sparse. To address this gap, this study focuses on ...evaluation sensitivity as an antecedent of advice-seeking behavior. We propose that the positive relationship between evaluation sensitivity and advice seeking is mediated by self-uncertainty, and that this mediation effect is in turn moderated by peer exclusion. Data were collected from 291 undergraduate students in eastern China through three waves. Analysis of these data revealed that evaluation sensitivity was positively related to advice seeking, and that this relationship was mediated by individuals’ self-uncertainty. Furthermore, peer exclusion moderated the indirect relationship between evaluation sensitivity and advice seeking via self-uncertainty, such that the indirect effect was significant only when peer exclusion was high.
Face views are particularly important in person-to-person communication. Differenes between the camera location and the face orientation can result in undesirable facial appearances of the ...participants during video conferencing. This phenomenon is particularly noticeable when using devices where the front-facing camera is placed in unconventional locations such as below the display or within the keyboard. In this paper, we take a video stream from a single RGB camera as input, and generate a video stream that emulates the view from a virtual camera at a designated location. The most challenging issue in this problem is that the corrected view often needs out-of-plane head rotations. To address this challenge, we reconstruct the 3D face shape and re-render it into synthesized frames according to the virtual camera location. To output the corrected video stream with natural appearance in real time, we propose several novel techniques including accurate eyebrow reconstruction, high-quality blending between the corrected face image and background, and template-based 3D reconstruction of glasses. Our system works well for different lighting conditions and skin tones, and can handle users wearing glasses. Extensive experiments and user studies demonstrate that our method provides high-quality results.
Expansion of penguin activity in maritime Antarctica, under ice thaw, increases the chances of penguin feces affecting soil microbiomes. The detail of such effects begins to be revealed. By comparing ...soil geochemistry and microbiome composition inside (one site) and outside (three sites) of the rookery, we found significant effects of penguin feces on both. First, penguin feces change soil geochemistry, causing increased moisture content (MC) of ornithogenic soils and nutrients C, N, P, and Si in the rookery compared to non-rookery sites, but not pH. Second, penguin feces directly affect microbiome composition in the rookery, not those outside. Specifically, we found 4,364 operational taxonomical units (OTUs) in 404 genera in six main phyla: Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Bacteroidetes. Although the diversity is similar among the four sites, the composition is different. For example, penguin rookery has a lower abundance of Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Nitrospirae but a higher abundance of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Thermomicrobia. Strikingly, the family Clostridiaceae of Firmicutes of penguin-feces origin is most abundant in the rookery than non-rookery sites with two most abundant genera,
and
. Redundancy analysis showed all measured geochemical factors are significant in structuring microbiomes, with MC showing the highest correlation. We further extracted 21 subnetworks of microbes which contain 4,318 of the 4,364 OTUs using network analysis and are closely correlated with all geochemical factors except pH. Our finding f penguin feces, directly and indirectly, affects soil microbiome suggests an important role of penguins in soil geochemistry and microbiome structure of maritime Antarctica.
Objective
The best method for femoral fixation in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) remains controversial. The study assesses the bone tunnel enlargement and clinical outcome in ...hamstring ACLR using cortical suspension or hybrid (cortical suspension and compression) femoral fixation.
Methods
From January 2010 to December 2021, 102 patients who underwent quadruple hamstring ACLR using cortical suspension (39 patients) or hybrid (63 patients) fixation on the femoral side were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical evaluation was conducted using the international knee documentation committee score, the Lysholm score, the Tegner activity level scale, the knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (quality of life score), the Lachman test, and the side‐to‐side difference by the KT‐1000 arthrometer. The complications after the surgery were also evaluated. These data were compared at baseline and last follow‐up. The diameters of the femoral tunnel were calculated at three sites: the width of the entrance of the femoral tunnel, 1 cm proximal to the entrance of the femoral tunnel and the largest diameter of the femoral tunnel on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) coronal images. Bone tunnel widening data were contrasted between MRI images conducted at least 2 years and within 2 weeks after surgery. The morphology of bone tunnel enlargement was also observed and recorded. The categorical parameters were analyzed using the χ2‐test and Fisher's exact test. The continuous variables conforming to a normal distribution were analyzed using Student's t‐test, and the Mann–Whitney U‐test was undertaken between the two groups without normal distribution.
Results
Both cortical suspension and hybrid femoral fixation in quadruple hamstring ACLR achieved significantly improved patient‐reported outcome scores and knee stability compared to preoperative data. However, no significant differences were found between these two methods in clinical evaluations, postoperative complications, and patient‐reported outcome scores. Although the mean diameter of the enlarged bone tunnel was lowered by an additional bioabsorbable interference screw fixation near the joint line, a statistically insignificant difference was found between the hybrid and cortical suspension fixation on the femoral side. There was no statistical difference in the distribution of enlarged bone tunnel morphology between groups.
Conclusions
No significant difference was found in the bone tunnel enlargement and clinical outcome between cortical suspension and hybrid femoral fixation in ACLR using hamstring autograft.
Both cortical suspension and hybrid femoral fixation techniques in hamstring anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction significantly improve postoperative outcomes, with no significant differences between the two methods in terms of bone tunnel enlargement, clinical evaluations, postoperative complications, and patient‐reported outcome scores.
The SrCO
3
/AgI photocatalysts were prepared via a co-precipitation method by using SrCO
3
as a co-photocatalyst and AgI as a photo sensitizer. X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron ...microscope, X-ray photoelectron spectrometer, UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscope were used to analyze the structure, micro-morphology, chemical compositions, optical properties and photo-generated carrier behaviors of the as-prepared samples, respectively. The photocatalytic degradation mechanism of the as-developed composites was also proposed. Analysis results show SrCO
3
, an insulator, can improve the photocatalytic performances and recyclability of AgI for degrading tetracycline under visible light. As the theoretical molar ratio of Sr(NO
3
)
2
to AgNO
3
increases, the degradation efficiency of the hybrids first increases and then descends. When the theoretical molar ratio of that is 1: 1, it acquires the maximum of 66.6% within 8 min. This is higher than 32.0% of pure AgI and 34.0% of SrCO
3
. Moreover, after three times degradations it is 63.0%, which is higher than 13.6% of AgI. The improvement of the photocatalytic performance of the sample is attributed to the construction of hybrids. The main activated species in catalysis process are superoxide radicals.
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