Effect of sows housing mode on stress indicators Vučemilo, M., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagreb (Croatia); Gutzmirtl, D., Croatian Institute for Agricultural Extension Service, Osijek (Croatia); Šperanda, M., Faculty of Agriculture,Osijek (Croatia) ...
Acta veterinaria,
(2011), 2011-00-00, Letnik:
61, Številka:
2-3
Journal Article
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The research was accomplished on a farm with industrial housing of sows and on a family agricultural farm where sows are freely housed, outdoors. Twenty breeding sows from each farm were studied in ...this research. The experiment was conducted aiming to compare housing of sows, as well as those factors affecting stress indicators. For this purpose cortisol level was determined five days before farrowing, five days after farrowing and a day after weaning. Besides cortisol, other haematological parameters were determined in the blood, also. Statistically significant higher concentration of cortisol was determined at five days before farrowing in sows housed freely compared to sows housed industrially (p is less than 0.05). Five days after farrowing and a day after weaning, concentrations of cortisol were lower in the blood of freely housed sows compared to industrially housed sows. However, the difference was not significant. The level of cortisol determined in sows housed freely during pregnancy, and after dislocation into wedged farrowing departments, five days before farrowing, was significantly higher than in industrial sows. The aforesaid confirmed stress that can be induced by relocating the sows to a new location and wedged space. The level of cortisol, determined in industrial sows was almost of equal values during the whole research, the fact being related to constant stress conditions.
Within the project titled “Optimal pig production models on family farms of eastern Croatia”, researches have been curried on in several family farms from three counties. Together with establishing ...the current state, researches on the possibilities of improvement of reproductive, production and other quality traits of pigs have been started. This improvement should be reached by getting the suitable sires and dams whose crosses (2- and 3-way crossbreeds) would give fattening pigs with satisfying lean meat yield. Fattenng pigs as final products of pig productions were monitored in this study. Carcass quality of 1592 fattening pigs from 6 family farms were determined at the slaughter line during 1999 and 2000 year. The highest shares of lean meat determined by “two points” according to current national regulations method (1999) have been founded in Hypor hybrid pigs (55.49%, n=51) and 3-way crossbreeds (SLxLW)xP (55.28%, n=692). Markedly lower results have been recorded in GLxSL and SLxGL crossbred pigs (50.37%, n=204); GLxP (50.34%, n=195); GL and GLxP (49.00%, n=96); SLxGL and GLxSL (47.51%, n=354). Poorer results achieved at those four farms could be explained by evidently inapropriate feeding of fattening pigs which should, regarding the genotype, yield in higher share of lean meat.
This study involved 30 carcasses of Hypor ABCD – Euribrid pigs divided into two groups (A and B), 15 pigs each (8 females and 7 males). Pigs from group A were fattened in very good environmental ...conditions and fed by a high quality diet containing 16,5% proteins during the whole fattening period; pigs from group B were fattenend in old barns, significantly worse environment with low hygienic conditions and fed by usual home made diets (frequently from low quality and unreliable components-especially corn). Crude protein level untill reaching approximately 60 kg was 16.0% (ST-1), and by the end of the fattenig 14.0% (ST-2). After slaughtering, cooled carcasses were dissected (according to Weniger et al., 1963). Statistically significant differences (P<0.01) were found between muscle tissue shares in carcasses from group A (57.54%) and group B (54.29%) by dissection and separation into main tissues. The (P<0.01) differences in shares of muscle and fatty tissues were also found in some individual parts of the carcass (ham, loins and shoulder). Meat quality traits (pH1, pH2, W.h.c. and color) and chemical composition of muscle and fat, according to calculated means, are within boundaries for «normal» meat in all carcasses involved in the research.
The aim of this investigation was to determine foaling season effect on delivery size and on Lippizaner foals development in sucking phase. Mares mainly foal in spring months, but some of them also ...foal in summer and autumn months. The investigations refer to foals being delivered in the period 1 January - 30 June and 1 July to 31 December of the current year. We also studied male foals and females separately. Sixty three males and 50 females were studied in spring period whereas 14 males and 17 females in autumn months. Withers height, chest girth as well as cannon bone circumference were measured after birth and ablactation. Male foals had significantly higher withers in the first six month of the year and insignificantly thicker cannon bone compared to female ones. However, no significance was determined with foals being delivered in the second six months. Male foals being delevered in the first six months had insignificantly larger chest girth and cannon bone circumference compared to the foals being delivered in the second six months. Significantly very higher withers height and chest girth were determined in the first six month with female foals. Male foals being delivered in the first six months did have significantly very higher values for all three measures after ablactation whereas female foals being delivered in the second six months of the year had very significantly higher values compared to the male foals. Highly significant values in favour of male foals being delivered in the second six months of the year were determined by the testing. However, female foals delivered in the second six months of the year had significantly higher values.Keywords: foaling season, Lippizaner foals, development, body measures
In this study, 60 pig carcasses were included, divided in 2 groups according to breed (1st=SLxGL; 2nd=SL), and within groups according to sex (gilts F1=15 and F2=14; male castrates M1=17 and M2=14). ...Pigs were produced on family farm and fattened in same conditions. Primary processed and cooled carcasses were cut according to “Kulmbach” method (CAC/79). The main parts of the carcasses were dissected on tissues (muscle, fat and bones) and share of lean meat was determined for carcasses and for individual cuts. Muscle tissue share in the carcasses was higher in gilts from 1st and 2nd group (F1=53.93%; F2=51.77%) than in male castrates from both groups (M1=50.13%; M2=49.90%) and regardless the sex it was higher in SL x GL crossbreds (1st group) than in SL breed (2nd group). Statisticaly significant differences (P<0.05) were found only in case of loins between gilts and castrates from 1st group (F1=9.58%; M1=8.30%) and between castrates of the 1st group and gilts from 2nd group (M1=8.30% i F2=9.57%). Mean values of meat quality indicators were mainly within normal boundaries; the only statistically significant difference (P<0.05) was established for meat color between F1 and F2 group.
Istraživanje je obavljeno u prasilištu na farmi s industrijskim načinom držanja i na obiteljskom poljoprivrednom gospodarstvu. Određivani su osnovni pokazatelji mikroklime, temperatura i relativna ...vlaga zraka, brzina strujanja zraka, osvijetljenost, koncentracija amonijaka i ugljičnog dioksida te sadržaj bakterija i gljivica u zraku. Mjerenja su obavljana tijekom dva proljetna mjeseca, na pet mjesta duž srednjeg hodnika, u biozoni životinja. Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju na statistički značajnu razliku u broju bakterija i gljivica između dva sustava držanja. U intenzivnom sustavu držanja izmjereno je 1,19x10³ do 6,04x10³ CFU/m³, a gljivica 0,04x10² do 1,43x10² CFU/m³. U isto vrijeme u zraku nastambe na obiteljskom poljoprivrednom gospodarstvu izmjereno je bakterija 16,80x10³ do 33,60x10³ CFU/m³. Gljivica je bilo 1,10x10² do 4,80x10² CFU/m³.
Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi utjecaj dodatka prirodnog zeolita u hrani, Anivitala-SPS, na potencijal rasta i razvoja, konverziju hrane, klaonička svojstva i na zdravlje svinja. Istraživanje ...je provedeno na tovljenicima tropasminskim križancima između velikog jorkšira (VJ) i njemačkog landrasa (NjL) s majčine strane i pietrena (P) kao terminalne nerastovske pasmine. Svinje su bile razvrstane u tri skupine koje su se međusobno razlikovale prema sastavu smjesa koje su dobivale tijekom pokusa. U smjesi ST1 za svinje iz skupine P1 dodano je 3% Anivitala-SPS, dok je za svinje iz skupine P2 dodano 3% Anivitala-SPS, uz dodatak 1,4% masti. U smjesi ST2 za svinje iz skupine P1 dodano je 6% Anivitala-SPS, a za svinje iz skupine P2 smjesi je dodano 6% Anivitala-SPS i 3% masti. Tijekom pokusa provedena su kontrolna vaganja, a podaci dobiveni vaganjem svinja korišteni su za izračun prosječnih dnevnih i ukupnih prirasta tijekom tova. Na kraju prvog kontrolnog razdoblja (45. dan) skupine svinja P1 i P2 bile su statistički vrlo visoko značajno teže (P<0,001) od kontrolne skupine. Na kraju tova nisu utvrđene statistički značajne (P>0,05) razlike između skupina. Prosječni dnevni prirasti razlikovali su se statistički vrlo visoko značajno (P<0,001) također na kraju prvog razdoblja tova, a statistički značajno (P=0,03) uzimajući u obzir cijelo trajanje tova. Pretvorba hranjivih tvari u kg prirasta bila je bolja za 8,02% kod P1 skupine, odnosno 4,94% kod P2 skupine svinja, u odnosu na kontrolnu skupinu. Dodavanje Anivitala-SPS u smjese nije utjecalo (P>0,05) na bitna kvalitativna svojstva svinjskih polovica.
Analiza metaboličkog profila mliječnih koza provedena je na jednom
ekološkom gospodarstvu od 30 koza, francuske alpina pasmine, u ranoj laktaciji. Sadržaj glukoze (3,17 mmol/l) u krvnoj plazmi koza ...ukazuje na zadovoljavajuću opskrbu životinja energijom, a sadržaj ureje (2,76 mmol/l) na nešto slabiju opskrbu bjelančevinama. Koncentracije mineralnih tvari (Na, K, Cl, Mg i Ca) i anion gap u krvnoj plazmi koza ukazuju na dobru opskrbljenost koza mineralima. Vrijednosti acidobaznog statusa krvi (pH, parcijalni tlak kisika- pO2, parcijalni tlak ugljičnog dioksida- pCO2 i sadržaj bikarbonata-HCO3 -)
kreću se u granicama referentnih vrijednosti za koze.
Koncentracije nekih hematoloških parametara (hemoglobin i hema-tokrit) u krvnoj plazmi koza kretale su se u granicama referentnih vrijednosti za koze. Rezultati ovih istraživanja pokazuju da bi obroke mliječnih koza u ranoj laktaciji u ekološkoj proizvodnji trebalo poja-čati bjelančevinama te da se metabolički profil može uzeti kao vrlo dobar pokazatelj hranidbenog statusa i zdravstvenog stanja koza.
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