The aim of this study was to investigate the levels of motivation associated with participation in floorball (indoor hockey) and spinning, and how levels of motivation predicted continuation. A ...sample of 66 middleaged women participated in a 12-week intervention of either floorball or spinning. They filled out the Sport Motivation Scale in week 2 and week 11 of the intervention, and data on their continuation six and 12 months after the intervention was also collected. A repeated measures MANOVA showed that participants in the floorball group had higher levels of intrinsic and self-determined extrinsic motivation for the activity during the intervention period, suggesting that floorball is a more motivating activity. In addition, extrinsic motivation the introjected regulation increased in both groups during the intervention period. Intrinsic motivation, as well as extrinsic motivation introjected regulation, predicted participants’ continuation six and 12 months after the intervention, suggesting that motivation as viewed in a Self-Determination Theory perspective is important for continuation.
The racemic 3-(4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)-N-1-(pyridin-2-yl)ethylpropanamide, 1, has previously been identified as a potent but unselective inhibitor of diphtheria toxin-like ...ADP-ribosyltransferase 3 (ARTD3). Herein we describe synthesis and evaluation of 55 compounds in this class. It was found that the stereochemistry is of great importance for both selectivity and potency and that substituents on the phenyl ring resulted in poor solubility. Certain variations at the meso position were tolerated and caused a large shift in the binding pose. Changes to the ethylene linker that connects the quinazolinone to the amide were also investigated but proved detrimental to binding. By combination of synthetic organic chemistry and structure-based design, two selective inhibitors of ARTD3 were discovered.
The aim of this study was to investigate the levels of motivation associated with participation in floorball (indoor hockey) and spinning, and how levels of motivation predicted continuation. A ...sample of 66 middle-aged women participated in a 12-week intervention of either floorball or spinning. They filled out the Sport Motivation Scale in week 2 and week 11 of the intervention, and data on their continuation six and 12 months after the intervention was also collected. A repeated measures MANOVA showed that participants in the floorball group had higher levels of intrinsic and self-determined extrinsic motivation for the activity during the intervention period, suggesting that floorball is a more motivating activity. In addition, extrinsic motivation the introjected regulation increased in both groups during the intervention period. Intrinsic motivation, as well as extrinsic motivation introjected regulation, predicted participants’ continuation six and 12 months after the intervention, suggesting that motivation as viewed in a Self-Determination Theory perspective is important for continuation.
Retrieval of forest stem volume using VHF SAR Israelsson, H.; Ulander, L.M.H.; Askne, J.L.H. ...
IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing,
1997-Jan., 1997, 1997-01-00, 19970101, Letnik:
35, Številka:
1
Journal Article, Conference Proceeding
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The ability to retrieve forest stem volume using CARABAS (coherent all radio band sensing) SAR images (28-60 MHz) has been investigated. The test site is a deciduous mixed forest on the island of ...Oland in southern Sweden. The images have been radiometrically calibrated using an array of horizontal dipoles. The images exhibit a clear discrimination between the forest and open fields. The results show that the dynamic range of the backscattering coefficient among the forest stands is higher than what has been found with conventional SAR using microwave frequencies. The backscatter increases with increasing radar frequency. This work shows an advantage compared to higher frequencies for stem volume estimation in dense forests.
Införandet av standarden IAS/IFRS i Sverige är en effekt av den internationalisering som skett de senaste åren. En stor skillnad märks bland de företag som nu måste redovisa tillgångar till verkliga ...värden istället för som tidigare till historiska värden. Skogskoncernerna ställs inför ett sådant faktum. Effekten blir att en mer rättvisande bild av skogens värde uppkommer. De intervjuade företagen, Bergvik Skog AB, Holmen, SCA, Sveaskog och Öhrlings PricewaterhouseCoopers håller med om att dolda värden försvinner och en mer rättvisande bild uppkommer men anser även att IAS 41 inte är direkt anpassat för nordiskt skogsbruk och att endast en approximation av det verkliga värdet kan uppnås. Respondenterna åsyftar särskilt på de lagstadgade återplanteringskostnader som inte får vara med i beräkningarna enligt en bokstavstolkning av IAS 41 men som ändå tas med av svenska skogsbolag. IAS 41 förespråkar främst att skogstillgångarna ska värderas enligt rådande marknadspriser. Då det saknas transaktioner av skogsmark i de storlekar våra respondenter har blir följden att marknadspris inte kan tillämpas. Företagen får därför använda sig av en alternativregel, nuvärdesberäkningen. Denna baseras på att de närmaste 100 årens kassaflöden diskonteras tillbaka till nutid med en diskonteringsränta som för samtliga företag i uppsatsen visade sig vara 6,25 %. Uppsatsens arbete startades med att den teori som finns inom området samlades in och senare ställdes mot de telefonintervjuer som vi genomförde. Analysen ställer således empirin mot teorin och leder till en slutsats. Vår uppsats visar att IAS 41 inte är fullt tillämpad för svenskt skogsbruk men att den ändå fungerar tillfredställande om inte en bokstavstolkning av standarden efterlevs.
The implementation of IAS/IFRS in Sweden is an outcome of the internationalization which has occurred in the past years. A huge difference can be noticed among the companies that now have to draw account using a fair value instead of earlier historical costs. The forest product companies are the ones facing this change. The effect of this is that a more true and fair view on the forest assets can be achieved. The interviewed companies in our essay, Bergvik Skog AB, Holmen, SCA, Sveaskog and Öhrlings PricewaterhouseCoopers all agree that the hidden value disappears and that a more true and fair value appears when dealing with IAS 41. Moreover, it is their opinion that the standard is not suited for the Nordic agriculture and the fair value is only an approximation. They especially refer this to the restoration costs, set by law in Sweden, which according to IAS 41 literally not can be included in the calculations. IAS 41 says that the quoted market price should be used as a first option for calculating the fair value. However, because there are no markets in the Swedish forest sector that accurately measure the sizes of the companies forest assets, market values can not be used to give a fair value. This is why the companies have to use the alternative rule, calculating the present value of expected net cash flows. The calculation is based on 100 year cash flows that is discounted back to today with a discount rate witch appeared to be 6,35% in all of the included companies in our essay. The essay started with collecting the available theory on our topic and witch we later tested on our empirical interviews. This then resulted in a conclusion. Our findings in this study is that IAS 41 not suited for Swedish forest companies, but it works if they don’t apply the standard literally.
The technological development that we have seen in the last decades has resulted in a more digitized business environment and affected industries from an innovative and competitive perspective. The ...digital transition is an ongoing process and it creates opportunities and challenges for businesses globally. Digital transitions can have consequences for different aspects within a company, from the top management all the way to their customer relations. This study is concentrated on the latter, namely customer relations in a business-to-business context within the sportswear industry. The purpose of this degree project is to develop a deeper understanding about how perceived usefulness of a new digital tool affects the behavioral intention to use it based on a relationship marketing perspective. The study specifically investigates key account managers in a business-to-business context from the sportswear company Athics. By investigating perceived usefulness of 3D Virtual Prototypes by the key account managers’ behavioral intention to use, we managed to explain whether this technology would be accepted or rejected by the managers. None of the key account managers had previous experience with 3D Virtual Prototypes. The degree project had a qualitative method where we interviewed eight key account managers from the product division Athics Footwear through semi-structured interviews. The study takes a deductive approach. The ontological and epistemological stances are interpretivism and constructionism. After reviewing the literature on relationship marketing and technology acceptance model, we formed a conceptual model to get a deeper understanding of their relation to each other. This model was reconstructed once the empirical findings were analysed due to new findings. The revised model contributes to research on relationship marketing and technology acceptance. The findings show that Athics key account managers have a positive attitude towards using 3D Virtual Prototypes and intend to use it once Athics implements this new technology. They believe that 3D Virtual Prototypes can affect relationship strength directly and perceive it as useful in creating long-lasting relationships with their business-to-business customers. However, the study’s result shows that relationship performance will only be affected by sales performance. Implying that 3D Virtual Prototypes can still be perceived as useful but from a different cause. Moreover, the study’s result shows that by implementing 3D virtual prototypes customers will get more involved in the process of developing a shoe. Therefore, we consider customer involvement as a new finding and an important factor in relationship marketing when implementing a new digital tool. The key account managers perceive the digital tool to be more useful towards larger accounts due to their innovative and collaborative side. Smaller accounts are more challenging since they express a more conservative mindset by being less collaborative and perceive innovations as a higher risk.
Photodynamic therapy using i.v. injected porphyrin photosensitizers have been used to treat selected cases of superficial bladder cancer. Since cutaneous photosensitivity, lasting 6-8 weeks, is a ...well known undesirable side effect of this therapy, we instilled the photosensitizers intravesically in rats and compared the uptake of photosensitizers in different tissues by this route of administration with the uptake after intravenous injection. The intravesical mode of delivery enhanced photosensitizer uptake in the bladder wall, while giving low concentrations in extravesical organs. Intravesical instillation of the photosensitizers may therefore increase their efficacy and reduce phototoxicity as compared with intravenous injection. Comparing the results obtained by two assays, one based on porphyrin fluorescence and the other based on the application of radioactively labelled photosensitizers, it was concluded that the i.v. administration route may result in tissue uptake of significant amounts of aggregated non-fluorescent, supposedly inactive drug, while the intravesical administration led to less uptake of aggregates relative to active drug monomers.
Abstract
Objective. To investigate the type of urinary diversion performed after cystectomy in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer in Sweden, using data from a population-based national ...register. Material and methods. Since 1997, the Swedish Bladder Cancer Register has included more than 90% of all patients with newly diagnosed bladder cancer. The different types of urinary diversion performed in 1997-2003 were analysed, comparing non-continent diversion (ileal conduit) with continent reconstruction (bladder substitution or continent cutaneous diversion). Results. During the study period, 3463 patients were registered with clinical T2-T4 non-metastatic bladder cancer. Cystectomy was performed in 1141 patients with ileal conduit in 732 (64%) and continent reconstruction in 409 (36%). Ileal conduit was used more frequently in females than males (p = 0.019), in patients older than 75 years (p < 0.00001), and in those with less favourable TNM classification. Continent reconstruction was done more often at university hospitals than at county hospitals (p < 0.00001), but rarely in the northern and western healthcare regions compared with other regions (p < 0.00001). Nationwide, the proportion of registered continent reconstructions decreased, although the absolute number was relatively stable (50-60 per year). Conclusions. Continent reconstruction after cystectomy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer is performed more often in some healthcare regions and in patients at university hospitals than in county hospitals, indicating a substantial provider influence on the choice of urinary diversion. Over time, the proportion of these procedures has decreased, while the absolute number has remained low and stable; therefore, concentration in high-volume hospitals specialized in bladder cancer and continent reconstruction seems appropriate.
IAS 41 - Värdering av skog Hellsten Fredric 1981- , Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi; Thorsson Johan 1982- , Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi
2006
Web Resource
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections-
Införandet av standarden IAS/IFRS i Sverige är en effekt av den internationalisering som skett de senaste åren. En stor skillnad ...märks bland de företag som nu måste redovisa tillgångar till verkliga värden istället för som tidigare till historiska värden. Skogskoncernerna ställs inför ett sådant faktum. Effekten blir att en mer rättvisande bild av skogens värde uppkommer.
De intervjuade företagen, Bergvik Skog AB, Holmen, SCA, Sveaskog och Öhrlings PricewaterhouseCoopers håller med om att dolda värden försvinner och en mer rättvisande bild uppkommer men anser även att IAS 41 inte är direkt anpassat för nordiskt skogsbruk och att endast en approximation av det verkliga värdet kan uppnås. Respondenterna åsyftar särskilt på de lagstadgade återplanteringskostnader som inte får vara med i beräkningarna enligt en bokstavstolkning av IAS 41 men som ändå tas med av svenska skogsbolag.
IAS 41 förespråkar främst att skogstillgångarna ska värderas enligt rådande marknadspriser. Då det saknas transaktioner av skogsmark i de storlekar våra respondenter har blir följden att marknadspris inte kan tillämpas. Företagen får därför använda sig av en alternativregel, nuvärdesberäkningen. Denna baseras på att de närmaste 100 årens kassaflöden diskonteras tillbaka till nutid med en diskonteringsränta som för samtliga företag i uppsatsen visade sig vara 6,25 %.
Uppsatsens arbete startades med att den teori som finns inom området samlades in och senare ställdes mot de telefonintervjuer som vi genomförde. Analysen ställer således empirin mot teorin och leder till en slutsats.
Vår uppsats visar att IAS 41 inte är fullt tillämpad för svenskt skogsbruk men att den ändå fungerar tillfredställande om inte en bokstavstolkning av standarden efterlevs.
-
The implementation of IAS/IFRS in Sweden is an outcome of the internationalization which has occurred in the past years. A huge difference can be noticed among the companies that now have to draw account using a fair value instead of earlier historical costs. The forest product companies are the ones facing this change. The effect of this is that a more true and fair view on the forest assets can be achieved.
The interviewed companies in our essay, Bergvik Skog AB, Holmen, SCA, Sveaskog and Öhrlings PricewaterhouseCoopers all agree that the hidden value disappears and that a more true and fair value appears when dealing with IAS 41. Moreover, it is their opinion that the standard is not suited for the Nordic agriculture and the fair value is only an approximation. They especially refer this to the restoration costs, set by law in Sweden, which according to IAS 41 literally not can be included in the calculations.
IAS 41 says that the quoted market price should be used as a first option for calculating the fair value. However, because there are no markets in the Swedish forest sector that accurately measure the sizes of the companies forest assets, market values can not be used to give a fair value. This is why the companies have to use the alternative rule, calculating the present value of expected net cash flows. The calculation is based on 100 year cash flows that is discounted back to today with a discount rate witch appeared to be 6,35% in all of the included companies in our essay.
The essay started with collecting the available theory on our topic and witch we later tested on our empirical interviews. This then resulted in a conclusion.
Our findings in this study is that IAS 41 not suited for Swedish forest companies, but it works if they don’t apply the standard literally.
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