Punzi-loss Abudinén, F; Bertemes, M; Bilokin, S ...
European physical journal. C, Particles and fields,
02/2022, Letnik:
82, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
We present the novel implementation of a non-differentiable metric approximation and a corresponding loss-scheduling aimed at the search for new particles of unknown mass in high energy physics ...experiments. We call the loss-scheduling, based on the minimisation of a figure-of-merit related function typical of particle physics, a Punzi-loss function, and the neural network that utilises this loss function a Punzi-net. We show that the Punzi-net outperforms standard multivariate analysis techniques and generalises well to mass hypotheses for which it was not trained. This is achieved by training a single classifier that provides a coherent and optimal classification of all signal hypotheses over the whole search space. Our result constitutes a complementary approach to fully differentiable analyses in particle physics. We implemented this work using PyTorch and provide users full access to a public repository containing all the codes and a training example.
The Water Services Act (No. 8 of 1997) of South Africa states that water service delivery is the responsibility of local government as Water Services Authorities. The principal legal responsibility ...is to complete a Water Services Development Plan (WSDP) every 5 years with annual review. The WSDP encapsulates all the responsibilities and tasks required in water service delivery. However, it does not spell out local government's role in water resource protection or its responsibilities as far as integrated water resource management is concerned. It is well known in South Africa that there is a challenging level of inadequate capacity in technical and administrative skills in local government to adequately fulfil water service delivery. This paper highlights the consequences of this incapacity for municipalities and their difficulties in fulfilling their responsibilities as service providers. A framework is provided within which improvements can be brought about, with guidance on how to engage in the practice of integrated water resource management (IWRM) in the context of the legal framework for water services. The additional tasks and changes required to practise IWRM are set in the context of the WSDP. The framework provides a guide for a municipality to first accomplish an adequate WSDP, and then to gradually implement IWRM. A discussion on the skills needed to accomplish, firstly, a comprehensive WSDP, and secondly, IWRM, is included.
Neisseria meningitidis infection should be considered in patients presenting with septic arthritis especially if Gram-negative diplococcic are observed on Gram-stain.
A thermally stable electrode structure for lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thick films was developed for silicon/silicon nitride substrates by incorporating titanium oxide (TiO2) as a diffusion barrier ...layer between a Pt electrode and the underlying Si3N4 layer. The titanium oxide was prepared by thermal oxidation of the titanium in air. Wet etching of the PZT was used as a low cost technique to make contact with the back electrode and assess its robustness. Initial results revealed bubbling in the PZT and platinum. This was found to be due to incomplete oxidation of the titanium and high compressive stresses within the Pt layer at the maximum processing temperature of 710 DGC. It was found that titanium was optimally oxidised at 700 DGC. Work on post-annealing showed that the stress within the platinum, at the processing temperature, could be reduced by annealing at 300 DGC. A clear and non-delaminated interface was then obtained using 350 nm of titania oxidised at 700 DGC and 200 nm of platinum post-annealed at 300 DGC.
Since 1945 Gibraltar's sovereignty has repeatedly been questioned. A strategic possession overlooking Africa at the mouth of the Mediterranean, Gibraltar is the victim of both history and geography ...and continues to be the barometer of Anglo-Spanish relations. Arguing that Gibraltar has played a much more proactive role in negotiations than is assumed, the book describes the objectives and actions of the Gibraltarians against the wider map of Anglo-Spanish relations.
Punzi-loss Abudinén, F.; Bertemes, M.; Bilokin, S. ...
The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields,
2022/2, Letnik:
82, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
We present the novel implementation of a non-differentiable metric approximation and a corresponding loss-scheduling aimed at the search for new particles of unknown mass in high energy physics ...experiments. We call the loss-scheduling, based on the minimisation of a figure-of-merit related function typical of particle physics, a Punzi-loss function, and the neural network that utilises this loss function a Punzi-net. We show that the Punzi-net outperforms standard multivariate analysis techniques and generalises well to mass hypotheses for which it was not trained. This is achieved by training a single classifier that provides a coherent and optimal classification of all signal hypotheses over the whole search space. Our result constitutes a complementary approach to fully differentiable analyses in particle physics. We implemented this work using PyTorch and provide users full access to a public repository containing all the codes and a training example.
The hurricane or tropical storm known as Mitch struck Central America towards the end of October 1998. The subsequent flooding and landslides claimed approximately 11,000 lives. It was the most ...deadly hurricane to strike the Western Hemisphere in two centuries. We have measured rainfall totals during Mitch (from 1 to 48 hours) and find that they were not exceptional for hurricanes and tropical storms in the Atlantic basin. Rainfall totals and intensities measured over intervals of 1, 2, 5, 10, 30 and 60 minutes were less than values from the updated maximum potential rainfall curve,. The data suggest that extraneous factors, such as already saturated soils and denuded hillsides, were largely responsible for the damage caused.
We have analysed homotypic adhesion induced by the phorbol ester TPA in EBV-immortalized Down's syndrome (trisomy 21) and normal lymphoblastoid cell lines. Our results show that the trisomy 21 cells ...aggregated more readily than normal cells. The aggregation of the two types of cell was blocked effectively by the addition of monoclonal antibodies to the alpha and beta chains (CD11a, CD18) of lymphocyte function-associated antigen (LFA-), but not by monoclonal antibodies to LFA-3 and the alpha chain of p150,95 (CD11c). Since TPA did not increase the expression of CD18 on trisomy 21 cells, we conclude that the increased adhesiveness is the result of over-expression of CD18 as a result of gene dosage.
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