On August 6, 1965, the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (hereinafter "the Act") was signed into law. Today, some 57 years later, and almost ten years since the Supreme Court's decision in Shelby County, ...Alabama v. Holder (2013) found Section 4 of the Act unconstitutional, the promise of the Act remains in more jeopardy than ever. This article takes up the sociology of contemporary voter suppression (post-Shelby), addressing disenfranchisement as a product and vehicle of racial oppression whose aim to push minority voters back into a marginal second-class citizen status that replicates the order in enslavement and Jim Crow. The methodological approach employs the usage of a socio-historical approach—one attentive to the study of society at large with a special emphasis on history—in order to better understand contemporary voter suppression. This method helps uncover broader patterns across historical events. In this approach, the historical events themselves and the social / historical context in which they emerge are the primary means of analysis. The investigation occurs across time and space, and meaning emerges in the context of the patterns observed. The inquiry validates earlier work (Combs 2016) and demonstrates how this contemporary era of voter suppression works to curtail voter participation by constraining and otherwise limiting access to the means to vote and/or register to vote commonly used by minority voters.
Research shows that some elementary math curricula are more effective than others at increasing student achievement. Most studies in this research base typically included teachers and classrooms that ...differ, so the results represent average curriculum effects, which raises an important question: Are curricula that are effective on average also effective among different types of teachers and classrooms? We examined whether curriculum effects are moderated by three characteristics that influence curriculum implementation and therefore may influence effects: (a) teachers’ knowledge, (b) teachers’ attitude toward math instruction, and (c) the extent to which teachers need to differentiate instruction in their classrooms. We examined these moderators for four elementary math curricula that use different pedagogical approaches and specifically for first- and second-grade achievement. We found that the two curricula that were more effective on average also were either as effective or more effective than the other two across all the contexts examined.
I interrogate the killing of Ahmaud Arbery using critical race legal scholar Cheryl Harris’ view of whiteness as property. I offer a counter-narrative telling of events to explain how ideological ...principles rooted in the concept of whiteness as property continues to undergird the agreed upon practices in neighborhoods like Satilla Shores – where Arbery was pursued, shot, and killed by white residents of the development. In doing so, I explore how these principles and practices breed and foster a form of racialized injustice that gets routinely rationalized and excused through a set of normalizations, which privilege whiteness and white logic.
The genome of the invertebrate chordate Ciona intestinalis was found to be a stable mosaic of methylated and nonmethylated domains. Multiple copies of an apparently active long terminal repeat ...retrotransposon and a long interspersed element are nonmethylated and a large fraction of abundant short interspersed elements are also methylation free. Genes, by contrast, are predominantly methylated. These data are incompatible with the genome defense model, which proposes that DNA methylation in animals is primarily targeted to endogenous transposable elements. Cytosine methylation in this urochordate may be preferentially directed to genes.
The use of experiential approaches to teach social welfare policy suggests that
such methods may increase undergraduate social work students' knowledge of
and skill in working on social and economic ...justice issues. This article compares
2 such methods using qualitative and quantitative approaches. The first teaches
social welfare policy as a service learning course and the second integrates social
welfare policy into the students' practicum experience. The authors conclude
that both approaches are equally effective in helping students to increase their
knowledge of policy concepts and may help students feel more competent in
using policy-related skills.
Tests for hepatitis C antibodies (anti-HCV enzyme immunoassays) are usually described as positive or negative. Several studies, mainly in blood donors, have found that specimens with low ...signal/cutoff (S/C) ratios are commonly negative when tested with a recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA) or for HCV RNA.
We retrospectively reviewed 17 418 consecutive anti-HCV results from a screening program for high-risk veterans; 2986 (17.1%) samples were anti-HCV-positive, and 490 (16.4%) had S/C ratios <or=3.7 (low positive). Additional tests were performed in 1814 anti-HCV-positive individuals.
RIBA was performed in 263 patients with low-positive anti-HCV; results were negative in 86%, indeterminate in 12%, and positive in 2%. Only 16 of 140 individuals (11%) with low-positive anti-HCV values were HCV RNA-positive, whereas HCV RNA was positive in 90% of 1435 individuals with high-positive anti-HCV values (P <0.0001). Compared with those with high-positive anti-HCV, individuals with low-positive anti-HCV values were older (P <0.0001) and were less likely to have risk factors for HCV (P <0.0001 for most), multiple increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity values (30% vs 81%; P <0.0001), or positive anti-hepatitis B core antigen (19% vs 59%; P <0.0002). Among 634 individuals with high anti-HCV titers and multiple increased ALT activity values, 95% were HCV RNA-positive.
The S/C ratio is important even in high-risk individuals; laboratories should report the S/C ratio along with anti-HCV EIA results and perform supplemental RIBA testing in those with low-positive values to avoid reporting false-positive results.
Subtle and overt racism still exist in US society, and while researchers have been largely attentive to overt forms of racism, everyday forms of racism remain undertheorized. Everyday racism examines ...the lived, daily experience of oppression, and in so doing, illuminates the ways racist practices permeate macro and micro level relations. The term highlights the fact that these discriminatory practices and treatments are part of the everyday experience of people of color. This article seeks to make an important contribution toward understanding white epistemologies of ignorance with respect to the existence of continuing racial oppression and ingrained white supremacy in society, especially their roles in the same. Violence against African American bodies is not new. In fact, knowledge of historical practices of violence, which included physical attacks, overt threat of force, and pronounced racial epithets, makes it difficult for many to see the very real contemporary threat to black bodies in society. While important research has focused on the disproportionate exposure to and treatment of blacks in the prison industrial complex, a number of scholars are reintroducing important discussions about the ways in which elements of the carceral operate in the daily lives of people of color. This article introduces a theoretical framework—Bodies Out of Place (BOP)—which offers a critical lens useful to expose racism in everyday and institutional interactions.
Study Design To recruit participants, we posted announcements on Boston Noetics, an email discussion forum for those interested in the work of the Institute of Noetic Sciences, and on Sign Posts ...(www.semeionpress.com), the blog associated with CMPE phenomenon. With each of the 10 criteria, a CMPE of average strength on that criterion would score 5. ... any score of at least 50 (average of five for each of the 10 criteria) qualified something as a CMPE.
PDF
