Diabetes, also known as chronic illness, is a group of metabolic diseases due to a high level of sugar in the blood over a long period. The risk factor and severity of diabetes can be reduced ...significantly if the precise early prediction is possible. The robust and accurate prediction of diabetes is highly challenging due to the limited number of labeled data and also the presence of outliers (or missing values) in the diabetes datasets. In this literature, we are proposing a robust framework for diabetes prediction where the outlier rejection, filling the missing values, data standardization, feature selection, K-fold cross-validation, and different Machine Learning (ML) classifiers (k-nearest Neighbour, Decision Trees, Random Forest, AdaBoost, Naive Bayes, and XGBoost) and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) were employed. The weighted ensembling of different ML models is also proposed, in this literature, to improve the prediction of diabetes where the weights are estimated from the corresponding Area Under ROC Curve (AUC) of the ML model. AUC is chosen as the performance metric, which is then maximized during hyperparameter tuning using the grid search technique. All the experiments, in this literature, were conducted under the same experimental conditions using the Pima Indian Diabetes Dataset. From all the extensive experiments, our proposed ensembling classifier is the best performing classifier with the sensitivity, specificity, false omission rate, diagnostic odds ratio, and AUC as 0.789, 0.934, 0.092, 66.234, and 0.950 respectively which outperforms the state-of-the-art results by 2.00 % in AUC. Our proposed framework for the diabetes prediction outperforms the other methods discussed in the article. It can also provide better results on the same dataset which can lead to better performance in diabetes prediction. Our source code for diabetes prediction is made publicly available.
Lysine succinylation is one of the dominant post-translational modification of the protein that contributes to many biological processes including cell cycle, growth and signal transduction pathways. ...Identification of succinylation sites is an important step for understanding the function of proteins. The complicated sequence patterns of protein succinylation revealed by proteomic studies highlight the necessity of developing effective species-specific in silico strategies for global prediction succinylation sites. Here we have developed the generic and nine species-specific succinylation site classifiers through aggregating multiple complementary features. We optimized the consecutive features using the Wilcoxon-rank feature selection scheme. The final feature vectors were trained by a random forest (RF) classifier. With an integration of RF scores via logistic regression, the resulting predictor termed GPSuc achieved better performance than other existing generic and species-specific succinylation site predictors. To reveal the mechanism of succinylation and assist hypothesis-driven experimental design, our predictor serves as a valuable resource. To provide a promising performance in large-scale datasets, a web application was developed at http://kurata14.bio.kyutech.ac.jp/GPSuc/.
In this study, the toxic cationic dye of methylene blue (MB) was encapsulated by the polymeric natural carbohydrate of turmeric powder (TP) adsorbent. The natural TP adsorbent was characterized to ...define the functional groups existing for complexation ability to the MB dye molecules. The MB dye adsorption system was optimized by varying the parameters of contact time, pH, initial concentration, competing ions and elution operations. The contributions of adsorption and complexation on MB dye removal by TP adsorbent was quantified at wide pH ranges for the determination of optimum condition and the maximum overall MB dye removal of 99.5% was obtained at pH 7.0. In the acidic pH region, the positively charged protonated TP adsorbent did not favor the adsorption of positively charged protonated MB due to electrostatic repulsion. In the neutral pH area, the dye molecule adsorption of positively charged MB dye onto negatively charged deprotonated TP adsorbent via electrostatic attraction and the complexation of MB dye with TP adsorbent via the formation of complexation and ion-exchange mechanism. The adsorption data were highly fitted to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, and the maximum adsorption capacity was 157.33 mg/g. The ethanol was used an eluent in the elution operation, and the TP adsorbent was used in many cycles without loss in its original performances. Therefore, the carbohydrate polymeric TP adsorbent has shown favorable dye capturing ability from water samples, and this could be used as efficient adsorbents in potential practical applications for organic dye removal from wastewater to keep the water quality in safe for human health.
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•Polymeric natural adsorbent was used as effective dye removal from wastewater.•The kinetic performance was high with exhibiting high removal capacity.•The polymeric adsorbent was reusable even after several cycles without deterioration.
Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is one of the most promising cellulose derivatives. Due to its characteristic surface properties, mechanical strength, tunable hydrophilicity, viscous properties, ...availability and abundance of raw materials, low-cost synthesis process, and likewise many contrasting aspects, it is now widely used in various advanced application fields, for example, food, paper, textile, and pharmaceutical industries, biomedical engineering, wastewater treatment, energy production, and storage energy production, and storage and so on. Many research articles have been reported on CMC, depending on their sources and application fields. Thus, a comprehensive and well-organized review is in great demand that can provide an up-to-date and in-depth review on CMC. Herein, this review aims to provide compact information of the synthesis to the advanced applications of this material in various fields. Finally, this article covers the insights of future CMC research that could guide researchers working in this prominent field.
Bangladesh is a densely populated country with a substandard healthcare system and a mediocre economic framework. Due to the enormous number of people who have been unaware until now, the development ...of COVID-19’s second-wave infection has become a severe threat. The present investigation aimed to characterize the clinical and socio-demographic characteristics of COVID-19 in Bangladesh.
A cross-sectional analysis was carried out from all the other COVID-19 patients and confirmed by RT-PCR undergoing a specialized COVID-19 hospital. From March 1 to April 15, 2021, a total of 1326 samples were collected. Samples were only obtained from non-critical COVID-19 patients as critically ill patients required emergency intensive care medications. Then, from April 17 to May 03, 2021, SARS-CoV-2 infection and clinical assessment was performed based on interim guidelines from the WHO. The diagnosis was conducted through RT-PCR. Later, identifying the symptomatic and asymptomatic patient based on checking the Clinical Observation Form (COF). The patients filled the COF form. Finally, statistical analyses were done using the SPSS 20 statistical program.
In this investigation, a total of 326 patients were diagnosed as COVID-19 positive. Among them, approximately 19.02% (n = 62) were asymptomatic, and 80.98% (n = 264) were symptomatic. Here, the finding shows that the occurrence of this infection was varied depending on age, sex, residence, occupation, smoking habit, comorbidities, etc. However, Males (60.12%) were more affected than females (39.88%), and, surprisingly, this pandemic infected both urban and rural residents almost equally (urban = 50.92%; rural = 49.08%). Approximately 19% of the asymptomatic and 62% of symptomatic cases had at least one comorbid disorder. Interestingly, an unexpected result was exhibited in the case of smokers, where non-smokers were more affected than smokers.
The study indicates community transmission of COVID 19, where people were highly infected at their occupations (35.58%), at houses (23.93%) and by traveling (12.88%). Noteworthy, according to this report, a large number (19.33%) of individuals did not know exactly how they were contaminated with SARS-CoV-2. Patients were most commonly treated by an antibiotic 95.09%, followed in second by corticosteroid 46.01%. Anti-viral drugs, remdesivir, and oxygenation are also needed for other patients. Among those, who were being treated, approximately 69.33% were isolated at home, 27.91% were being treated at dedicated COVID-19 hospitals. Finally, 96.63% were discharged without complications, and 0.03% has died.
This investigation concludes that males became more infected than females. Interestingly, both urban and rural people became nearly equally infected. It noticed community transmission of SARS-CoV-2, where people were highly infected at their workplaces. A higher rate of silent transmission indicates that more caution is needed to identify asymptomatic patients. Most of the infected people were isolated at home whereas nearly one-fourth were treated at hospitals. Clinically, antibiotics were the most widely used treatment. However, the majority of the patients were discharged without complications. The current investigation would be helpful to understand the clinical manifestations and socio-demographic situations during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh.
The ligand based composite material is an effective material for the removal of diverse contaminants from wastewater. However, the performance of some ligands functionality is limited in many cases ...due to the functional complexation ability. Therefore, the high immobilization of ligand anchoring by the building-block approach is a better way for high amount adsorption of pollutants. The present study was carried out for the successful detection and removal of lead (Pb(II)) ion from aqueous solution by a novel functionalized composite material. The composite material was successfully prepared by the building-block immobilization of (3-(3-(methoxycarbonyl)benzylidene) hydrazinyl)benzoic acid onto the highly ordered mesoporous silica. The factor affecting Pb(II) detection and adsorption by composite material was carried out in a batch-mode with the parameters of solution pH, color optimization, competing ions, initial concentrations, contact time and reuses. The material was enhanced the color formation by stable complexation during the Pb(II) ion detection and adsorption operations. The limit of detection was 0.51 μg/L. The effective pH for Pb(II) ions capturing was 5.50, and the maximum adsorption capacity of the composite material was found to 214.15 mg/g. The data revealed that the capturing system was in a one-step and ultra-trace Pb(II) was captured without using highly sophisticated instrumentations. The results clarified that composite material was exhibited high selectivity toward the Pb(II) ion even in the presence of the high amount of common metal ions. The adsorbed Pb(II) was eluted with 0.20 M HCl and the material were simultaneously regenerated into an initial form for the next capturing operations after rinsing with water. Therefore, composite material is an effective, low-cost and recyclable material and was a great potential to be a promising technique for Pb(II) remediation for safe-guarding the public health.
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•Composite material was fabricated for enhance Pb(II) capturing from aqueous media.•The material was sensitively detected the Pb(II) ion with naked-eye observation.•The alternate material was exhibited the reusability for successful several cycles use.
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•Ligand based conjugate materials was used for Cu(II) ions capturing from water.•The conjugate materials was exhibited high sensitivity and selectivity to Cu(II) ions.•The significant ...color was formed during Cu(II) ions detection and removal operations.
A sensitive and selective colorimetric method for simultaneous detection and removal of copper (Cu(II)) ion from contaminated water samples was developed based on the functional ligand embedded mesoporous conjugate materials. The synthesized material’s characterization was also presented. The conjugate materials exhibited an obvious color change from colorless to dark yellow in the presence of Cu(II) ion according to the pH values. Also, the Cu(II) ion were detected and removed through naked-eye. The prepared material exhibited significant color change upon addition of Cu(II) ion even in the presence of other competing ions, and the limit of detection was calculated to be 0.15μg/L. Excellent selectivity toward Cu(II) ion was observed due to a specific complex formation between Cu(II) ion and organic ligand of the conjugate materials. In Cu(II) adsorption operation, several affecting factors, including the solution pH, contact time, initial Cu(II) ion concentration, foreign ions and reuses were investigated. The results showed that the conjugate materials exhibited excellent adsorption capacity and adsorption equilibrium was reached rapidly. The adsorption results were well fitted with Langmuir adsorption isotherms and the maximum adsorption capacity by the materials for Cu(II) ion was 174.76mg/g. We claimed from this study that Cu(II) could be successfully detected and removed by the adsorption method developed in the current work. The present work is obviously much simpler and greener than the conventional comprising multistep processes. The results demonstrated that Cu(II) ion loaded conjugate materials was effectively regenerated using HCl acid solution, and the regenerated materials was repeated to use many cycles without significant capacity loss, indicating the good stability of prepared conjugate materials.
Opto-electronic properties of boron phosphide–germanium carbide (BP/GeC), a new van der Walls hetero-bilayer (HBL) with all possible stacking patterns, are studied under the density functional theory ...originated first-principles. The dynamical and chemical stabilities of the hetero-bilayer are confirmed by phonon spectra and binding energy. Among the dynamically stable HBLs, HBL 1 has the lowest binding energy with the smallest interlayer spacing of about 3.442 Å. Both values and natures (indirect or direct) of the electronic band structure are highly responsive to the stacking patterns. We have found that HBL 1 is indirect, while HBL 2 and HBL 3 become a direct bandgap at the K high symmetry point. All HBLs show type-II band alignment. Both compressive and tensile biaxial strains on the electronic properties of HBLs have been considered. All the HBLs become a direct bandgap for the compressive strain at 4% and 6%. We have also presented the optical property calculations on the HBLs, namely, the complex dielectric function and absorption properties, showing unique optical properties with significant absorption (5 × 105 cm−1 in HBL 2) in the whole solar spectra compared with their comprising monolayers. Moreover, the strain-dependent optical absorption coefficients with varying photon wavelengths are calculated and the maximum value is attained to be about 6.5 × 105 cm−1 in HBL 2 at 4% compressive strain. Consequently, the optoelectronic properties we have explored in our proposed new hetero-bilayer systems can guide the experimental realization of the hetero-bilayers and effective use in the future photovoltaic applications.
The Bangla language is the seventh most spoken language, with 265 million native and non-native speakers worldwide. However, English is the predominant language for online resources and technical ...knowledge, journals, and documentation. Consequently, many Bangla-speaking people, who have limited command of English, face hurdles to utilize English resources. To bridge the gap between limited support and increasing demand, researchers conducted many experiments and developed valuable tools and techniques to create and process Bangla language materials. Many efforts are also ongoing to make it easy to use the Bangla language in the online and technical domains. There are some review papers to understand the past, previous, and future Bangla Natural Language Processing (BNLP) trends. The studies are mainly concentrated on the specific domains of BNLP, such as sentiment analysis, speech recognition, optical character recognition, and text summarization. There is an apparent scarcity of resources that contain a comprehensive review of the recent BNLP tools and methods. Therefore, in this paper, we present a thorough analysis of 75 BNLP research papers and categorize them into 11 categories, namely Information Extraction, Machine Translation, Named Entity Recognition, Parsing, Parts of Speech Tagging, Question Answering System, Sentiment Analysis, Spam and Fake Detection, Text Summarization, Word Sense Disambiguation, and Speech Processing and Recognition. We study articles published between 1999 to 2021, and 50% of the papers were published after 2015. Furthermore, we discuss Classical, Machine Learning and Deep Learning approaches with different datasets while addressing the limitations and current and future trends of the BNLP.
In this report, we discussed rapid, facile one-pot green synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles (AuNPs and AgNPs) by using tuber extract of
, and evaluated their antibacterial activity. AuNPs and ...AgNPs were synthesized by mixing their respective precursors (AgNO
and HAuCl
) with tuber extract of
as the bio-reducing agent. Characterization of AuNPs and AgNPs were confirmed by applying UV-vis spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). From UV-vis characterization, surface plasmon resonance spectra were found at 530 nm for AuNPs and 446 nm for AgNPs. XRD data confirmed that both synthesized nanoparticles were face-centered cubic in crystalline nature, and the average crystallite sizes for the assign peaks were 13.3 nm for AuNPs and 22.48 nm for AgNPs. FTIR data evaluated the characteristic peaks of different phytochemical components of tuber extract, which acted as the reducing agent, and possibly as stabilizing agents. The antibacterial activity of synthesized AuNPs and AgNPs were examined in Muller Hinton agar, against two Gram-positive and four Gram-negative bacteria through the disc diffusion method. AuNPs did not show any inhibitory effect, while AgNPs showed good inhibitory effect against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
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