Diacylglycerol (DG) comprises up to approximately 10% of various edible oils. In the present study, we examined the effects of dietary DG consisting mainly of 1,3-species on body weight, body fat ...accumulation, and mRNA levels of various genes involved in energy homeostasis in obesity-prone C57BL/6J mice. Five-month feeding with the high triacylglycerol (TG) diet (30% TG + 13% sucrose) resulted in significant increases in body weight, visceral fat accumulation, and circulating insulin and leptin levels compared with mice fed the control diet (5% TG). Compared with mice fed the high TG diet, body weight gain and visceral fat weight were reduced by 70% and 79%, respectively, in those fed the high DG diet (30% DG + 13% sucrose). In addition, circulating leptin and insulin levels were reduced to the respective control levels. Compared with high TG feeding, high DG feeding suppressed the elevation of leptin mRNA expression in adipose tissue, and up-regulated acyl-coenzyme (Co)A oxidase and acyl-CoA synthase mRNA expression in the liver. These results indicate that dietary DG is beneficial for suppression of high fat diet-induced body fat accumulation. Furthermore, it is suggested that structural differences in DG and TG, but not the composition of fatty acid, markedly affect nutritional behavior of lipids. -- Murase, T., T. Mizuno, T. Omachi, K. Onizawa, Y. Komine, H. Kondo, T. Hase, and I. Tokimitsu. Dietary diacylglycerol suppresses high fat and high sucrose diet-induced body fat accumulation in C57BL/6J mice. J. Lipid Res. 2001. 42: 372--378.
A low-power 2Mb ReRAM macro was developed in 90 nm CMOS platform, demonstrating lower power data-writing (x1/7) and faster data-reading (x2~3) as compared to a conventional flash. The memory window ...at -6σ for 10 years was confirmed with a high-speed 1-bit ECC considering operating temperature ranging from -40 to 85 °C, where the worst conditions are high-temperature (85°C) "Off" writing and low-temperature (-40°C) "On" writing followed by high-temperature (85°C) retention. A pulse-modulated Off-state verify and an interface-control of Ru electrode are effective for suppressing random fluctuation of R off readout and for sustaining the On-state retention, respectively.
In higher plants there are two forms of ferredoxin NADP+ oxidoreductase (FNR), a photosynthetic pFNR primarily required for the photoreduction of NADP+, and a heterotrophic hFNR which generates ...reduced ferredoxin by utilizing electrons from NADPH produced during carbohydrate oxidation. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of multiple forms of FNR in wheat leaves and the capacity of FNR isoforms to respond to changes in reductant demand through varied expression and N-terminal processing. Two forms of pFNR mRNA (pFNRI and pFNRII) were expressed in a similar pattern along the 12 cm developing primary wheat leaf, with the highest levels observed in plants grown continuously in the dark in the presence (pFNRI) or absence (pFNRII) of nitrate respectively. pFNR protein increased from the leaf base to tip. hFNR mRNA and protein was in the basal part of the leaf in plants grown in the presence of nitrate. FNR activity in plants grown in a light/dark cycle without nitrate was mainly due to pFNR, whilst hFNR contributed significantly in nitrate-fed plants. The potential role of distinct forms of FNR in meeting the changing metabolic capacity and reductant demands along the linear gradient of developing cells of the leaf are discussed. Furthermore, evidence for alternative N-terminal cleavage sites of pFNR acting as a means of discriminating between ferredoxins and the implications of this in providing a more effective flow of electrons through a particular pathway in vivo is considered.
Soybean Phytoestrogen Intake and Cancer Risk Herman, C.; Adlercreutz, T.; Goldin, Barry R. ...
The Journal of nutrition,
03/1995, Letnik:
125, Številka:
3 Suppl
Journal Article
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Because many Western diseases are hormone-dependent cancers, we have postulated that the Western diet, compared with a vegetarian or semivegetarian diet, may alter hormone production, metabolism or ...action at the cellular level. Recently, our interest has been focused on the cancer-protective role of some hormone-like diphenolic phytoestrogens of dietary origin, the lignans and isoflavonoids. The precursors of the biologically active compounds originate in soybean products (mainly isoflavonoids but also lignans), as well as whole grain cereals, seeds, probably berries and nuts (mainly lignans). The plant lignan and isoflavonoid glycosides are converted by intestinal bacteria to hormone-like compounds with weak estrogenic and antioxidative activity; they have now been shown to influence not only sex hormone metabolism and biological activity but also intracellular enzymes, protein synthesis, growth factor action, malignant cell proliferation, differentiation and angiogenesis, making them strong candidates for a role as natural cancer protective compounds. Epidemiological investigations support this hypothesis, because the highest levels of these compounds are found in countries or regions with low cancer incidence. This report is a review of results that suggest that the diphenolic isoflavonoids and lignans are natural cancer-protective compounds.
This paper introduces a promising property in which the transmitter of an OFDM system can utilize an N-point IFFT operation to build the time-domain symbols of a KN-point IFFT operation. Based on ...this property, we propose a flexible OFDM structure. This structure will support uplink applications which include many transmitters using different numbers of subcarriers and one receiver with just one IFFT/FFT module with the subcarriers of least common multiple (LCM) for the number of subcarriers of all the transmitters. Therefore it reduces the design complexities of the receiver and increases the compatible characteristics for consumer electronics (CE). Compared with the original OFDM system, the proposed system improves the performance of the packet error ratio (PER) and the bit error ratio (BER) performance by using the appropriate K. In addition, the proposed structure can be designed to enlarge the bandwidth efficiency of the system and improve the performance of channel estimation compared with the OFDM/TDM system.
The surface structure of uniaxially aligned poly(9,9‐bis(ethylhexyl)‐fluorene‐2,7‐diyl) films on rubbed polyimide has been studied as a function of molecular weight (Mn = 3–150 kg mol–1, ...number‐average molecular weight) using polarized microscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), X‐ray reflectivity, and grazing‐incidence X‐ray diffraction. At the threshold Mn, Mn* = 104 g mol–1, there is a prominent transition in morphology from featureless (Mn < Mn*) to rough (Mn > Mn*), corresponding to the nematic–hexagonal phase transition. The hexagonal phase reveals two coexistent crystallite types in the whole film and at least one crystallite type has been observed at the surface by AFM. The combined optimization of alignment and surface smoothness is achieved slightly below Mn* while the combined optimization of orientational and local order and moderately smooth surface is achieved slightly above Mn*.
The relationship between macroscopic–submicrometer‐scale morphology and self‐organized intermolecular structure and uniaxial alignment is highlighted for a series of poly(9,9‐bis(ethylhexyl)‐fluorene‐2,7‐diyl) films. At a threshold molecular weight, there is a distinct transition in morphology (see Figure: left panel: nematic phase; right panel: hexagonal phase).
Consumption of a plant-based diet can prevent the development and progression of chronic diseases that are associated with extensive neovascularization. To determine whether prevention might be ...associated with dietary derived angiogenesis inhibitors, we have fractionated urine of healthy human subjects consuming a plant-based diet and examined the fractions for their abilities to inhibit the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells. One of the most potent fractions contained several isoflavonoids, which we identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and subsequently synthesized. Of all synthetic compounds, the isoflavonoid genistein was the most potent and inhibited endothelial cell proliferation and in vitro angiogenesis at half maximal concentrations of 5 and 150 µmol/L, respectively. Moreover, genistein inhibited the proliferation of various tumor cells. Genistein excretion in urine of subjects consuming a plant-based diet is in the micromolar range, which is 30-fold higher than that of subjects consuming a traditional Western diet. The high concentrations of genistein in urine of vegetarians and our present results suggest that genistein may contribute to the preventive effect of plant-based diet on chronic diseases, including solid tumors, by inhibiting neovascularization and tumor cell proliferation. Thus genistein may have important applications in the treatment of solid tumors and angiogenic diseases.
Consumption of a plant-based diet can prevent the development and progression of chronic diseases that are associated with extensive neovascularization; however, little is known about the mechanisms. ...To determine whether prevention might be associated with dietary-derived angiogenesis inhibitors, we have fractionated urine of healthy human subjects consuming a plant-based diet and examined the fractions for their abilities to inhibit the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, we showed that one of the most potent fractions contained several isoflavonoids, which we subsequently synthesized. Of all synthetic compounds, the isoflavonoid genistein was the most potent and inhibited endothelial cell proliferation and in vitro angiogenesis at concentrations giving half-maximal inhibition of 5 and 150 μM, respectively. As we have previously demonstrated, genistein concentrations in urine of subjects consuming a plant-based diet are in the micromolar range, while those of subjects consuming a traditional Western diet are lower by a factor of >30. The high excretion of genistein in urine of vegetarians and our present results suggest that genistein may contribute to the preventive effect of a plant-based diet on chronic diseases, including solid tumors, by inhibiting neovascularization. Thus, genistein may represent a member of a new class of dietary-derived anti-angiogenic compounds.
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