The Bohai Bay Basin is the largest Cenozoic rift basin in eastern China, which exhibits a high rate of post‐rift subsidence deviating from the theoretical exponentially decay trend of thermal ...subsidence. The driving force for this phenomenon remains an outstanding question. Here we quantify the spatial and temporal distribution of the anomalous post‐rift subsidence by removing the thermal subsidence related to earlier stretching events from the observed tectonic subsidence. A multi‐episodic finite extension model is employed to estimate the stretching factors during rifting for nine profiles and 48 wells covering the basin. Our results show that the anomalous subsidence commenced at 12 Ma and the average anomalous subsidence rate accelerated from ∼19 m/Myr during the late Miocene to ∼75 m/Myr during the Quaternary, reaching ∼400 m at present. The anomalous subsidence is compared with published changes in dynamic topography arising from mantle flow. The temporal evolution of the dynamic topography generally fits the evolution of the anomalous subsidence, whereas variation in dynamic topography exhibits smaller amplitude and larger wavelength than our results. Small‐scale convection in the shallow mantle might play a role in generating short‐wavelength topography disturbances in the past tens of million years. Besides, the spatial distribution of the Quaternary anomalous subsidence generally coincides with fault movements in the past ∼2 Myr. We suggest mantle processes as well as fault activities might be possible mechanisms accounting for additional accommodation in the basin.
Key Points
We employ multi‐episodic extension modeling to quantify spatial and temporal patterns of the anomalous post‐rift subsidence
The anomalous subsidence commenced at 12 Ma and reaches ∼400 m at present, compatible with temporal changes in dynamic topography
Dynamic topography induced by mantle convection as well as fault activities may contribute to the anomalous subsidence
Cratons play an important role in the evolution of Earth and usually exhibit extremely thick and strong lithosphere roots and low surface heat flow. Most cratons remain in a stable state throughout ...their long evolutionary process. However, the stability of a few cratons was lost, the thickness of the lithosphere was greatly reduced, and surface heat flow greatly increased. Significant thinning of the lithosphere is one of the most obvious features of craton destruction. However, even within the same area, the lithospheric thickness values estimated from different methods can vary a lot. The thickness disparities between the thermal and seismic lithosphere remain unclear. On the basis of the latest global heat flow data and crustal stratification information, we calculated the thickness of the thermal lithosphere of cratons globally and conducted a detailed comparison to that of the seismic lithosphere. We found that 1) the thickness of the thermal lithosphere of most cratons is more than 150 km, while that of the Bundelkhand, Singhbhum, and upper Yangtze craton ranges from approximately 120–150 km. The thickness of the eastern North China craton, lower Yangtze craton and Wyoming craton ranges from only approximately 80–100 km. 2) For most cratons, the thickness of the seismic lithosphere is tens of kilometers (30–141 km) larger than that of the thermal lithosphere, except for the Wyoming craton, eastern North China craton, upper Yangtze craton, and Dahawar craton. 3) The part between the bottom boundaries of the seismic and thermal lithosphere can be considered as the rheological boundary layer (RBL), which is related to the craton stability. The thicker the RBL is, the higher the craton stability. 4) Due to plate subduction, the water content in the upper mantle is high, the viscosity is low, and the thickness of the RBL of cratons is small.
•The thermal lithospheric thickness of most cratons exceeds 150 km.•The seismic lithosphere is thicker than thermal lithosphere for stable cratons.•Different thickness of rheological boundary layer accounts for the disparities.•Destroyed cratons usually exhibit thin rheological boundary layer.•A thick rheological boundary layer exists in stable cratons.
The rise of online platforms like Douyin, Baidu, and other Chinese search engines has changed how gynecologic oncology patients seek information about their diagnosis or condition. This study aimed ...to investigate the factors associated with information seeking among these patients and to evaluate their predictive performance.
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 199 gynecologic oncology patients at a single hospital in China. The patients' demographic characteristics and scores on the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S and STAI-T) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-A and HADS-D) were compared between those who sought information online and those who did not. Logistic regression analyses and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed.
The patients' age, marital status, STAI-S scores, and HADS-A scores were significantly associated with online information seeking. The combined model that included these factors showed good predictive performance with an area under the ROC curve of 0.841.
The combination of demographic and psychological factors can be used to predict the likelihood of gynecologic oncology patients seeking information online. These findings can help healthcare providers understand their patients' information-seeking behaviors and tailor their communication strategies accordingly.
With the requirement of energy decarbonization, natural gas (NG) and hydrogen (H2) become increasingly important in the world’s energy landscape. The liquefaction of NG and H2 significantly increases ...energy density, facilitating large-scale storage and long-distance transport. However, conventional liquefaction processes mainly adopt electricity-driven compression refrigeration technology, which generally results in high energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. Absorption refrigeration technology (ART) presents a promising avenue for enhancing energy efficiency and reducing emissions in both NG and H2 liquefaction processes. Its ability to utilize industrial waste heat and renewable thermal energy sources over a large temperature range makes it particularly attractive for sustainable energy practices. This review comprehensively analyzes the progress of ART in terms of working pairs, cycle configurations, and heat and mass transfer in main components. To operate under different driven heat sources and refrigeration temperatures, working pairs exhibit a diversified development trend. The environment-friendly and high-efficiency working pairs, in which ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents are new absorbents, exhibit promising development potential. Through the coupling of heat and mass transfer within the cycle or the addition of sub-components, cycle configurations with higher energy efficiency and a wider range of operational conditions are greatly focused. Additives, ultrasonic oscillations, and mechanical treatment of heat exchanger surfaces efficiently enhance heat and mass transfer in the absorbers and generators of ART. Notably, nanoparticle additives and ultrasonic oscillations demonstrate a synergistic enhancement effect, which could significantly improve the energy efficiency of ART. For the conventional NG and H2 liquefaction processes, the energy-saving and carbon emission reduction potential of ART is analyzed from the perspectives of specific power consumption (SPC) and carbon dioxide emissions (CEs). The results show that ART integrated into the liquefaction processes could reduce the SPC and CE by 10~38% and 10~36% for NG liquefaction processes, and 2~24% and 5~24% for H2 liquefaction processes. ART, which can achieve lower precooling temperatures and higher energy efficiency, shows more attractive perspectives in low carbon emissions of NG and H2 liquefaction.
Sugar alcohols with high latent heat have great potential for medium temperature thermal energy storage. Micro/nano-encapsulation can effectively improve the performance of phase change materials ...(PCMs), such as avoiding leakage and enhancing thermophysical properties. However, only a few work have been reported on the microencapsulation of sugar alcohol, and the reported methods showed some drawbacks such as requiring strictly controlled reactions or resulting in disability for the capsules to solidify. This paper reports for the first time the synthesis and properties of nanocapsules of a sugar alcohol D-mannitol (DM) by a facile sol-gel method. The nanoencapsulation was confirmed by various characterization using Fourier transformation infrared spectroscope (FT-IR), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Uniform size distribution of the nanoencapsulated DM (NEDM) in 100–200 nm was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The phase change performance of the NEDMs were investigated by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The results show that the NEDMs with a melting temperature of 166.2 °C, a melting enthalpy of 220.3 J/g, and an encapsulation ratio of 76.5% were obtained. The thermal reliability of the NEDMs was demonstrated by thermal cycling experiments. The thermal stability of the NEDMs was enhanced compared to DM as investigated by thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). The NEDMs exhibited great potential for applications in medium temperature thermal energy storage and transfer.
•A facile method for nanoencapsulation of D-mannitol was developed.•Nanocapsules with uniform size distribution in 100–200 nm were obtained.•Melting enthalpy of the nanocapsules was up to 220.3 kJ/kg.•The nanocapsules exhibited improved phase change performance and thermal stability.
Cotton Verticillium wilt is mainly caused by the fungus
, which threatens the production of cotton. Its pathogen can survive in the soil for several years in the form of microsclerotia, making it a ...destructive soil-borne disease. The accurate, sensitive, and rapid detection of
from complex soil samples is of great significance for the early warning and management of cotton Verticillium wilt. In this study, we combined the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) with CRISPR/Cas12a technology to develop an accurate, sensitive, and rapid detection method for
. Initially, LAMP primers and CRISPR RNA (crRNA) were designed based on a specific DNA sequence of
, which was validated using several closely related
spp. The lower detection limit of the LAMP-CRISPR/Cas12a combined with the fluorescent visualization detection system is approximately ~10 fg/μL genomic DNA per reaction. When combined with crude DNA-extraction methods, it is possible to detect as few as two microsclerotia per gram of soil, with the total detection process taking less than 90 min. Furthermore, to improve the method's user and field friendliness, the field detection results were visualized using lateral flow strips (LFS). The LAMP-CRISPR/Cas12a-LFS system has a lower detection limit of ~1 fg/μL genomic DNA of the
, and when combined with the field crude DNA-extraction method, it can detect as few as six microsclerotia per gram of soil, with the total detection process taking less than 2 h. In summary, this study expands the application of LAMP-CRISPR/Cas12a nucleic acid detection in
and will contribute to the development of field-deployable diagnostic productions.
The Bohai Bay Basin (BBB) is the largest Cenozoic rifted basin in eastern China, which exhibited a multi-episodic behavior. A 2D multi-episodic finite extension model is employed to estimate the ...stretching factor and strain rate for each rift episode along six seismic profiles. The modeling is based on a reconstruction of pre-rift crustal and lithospheric thicknesses, and is calibrated with the present-day heat flow and Moho depth. The pre-rift thicknesses of the crust and lithosphere are determined to be 34–39 and 80–105 km. The stretching factors range from 1.28 to 1.97, with a peak in the middle-to-late Eocene during which the average strain rate reached 1.1 × 10
− 15
s
− 1
. Our analyses show that the centers of stretching migrated generally from south to north and from west to east during the Cenozoic. The results also indicate an inverse relationship between variations of the average strain rate and the relative motion rate between Pacific plate and Eurasian plate. Combining the results of the previous studies with ours, we infer that the changing subduction rate of the Pacific plate accompanied by episodic eastward retreat of the subduction zone plays important roles in the episodic extension of the BBB and eastward migration of the centers of stretching.
•Analyses of numerical and experimental data. Results show that the absorption-compression refrigeration system is high-efficiency.•The uncertainty analysis is added in the revised manuscript.•The ...description errors in the former editor have been revised.
In this work, an absorption-compression refrigeration system coupled a R22 compression refrigeration subsystem with a Li-Br absorption refrigeration subsystem is presented. Numerical and experimental works are considered for the purpose of highlighting. The performance characteristics of the absorption-compression refrigeration system are carefully analysed, which has energy-saving potential. The investigation is carried out over the generating temperature (Thi) from 60 to 90 °C, the cooling water temperature (TCi) from 30 to 38 °C, and the chilled water temperature (Te) from 8 to 18 °C. According to the analysis of performances, the absorption-compression refrigeration system should be adopted when low-grade heat is free. The global COP and the Qg,EV are 2.56 and 1.9 times as large as those of the traditional one, respectively, at the generating temperature is 80 °C, the cooling water temperature is 34 °C and the chilled water temperature is 10 °C.
Here we present the genome sequence and annotation of the wild olive tree (Olea europaea var. sylvestris), called oleaster, which is considered an ancestor of cultivated olive trees. More than 50,000 ...protein-coding genes were predicted, a majority of which could be anchored to 23 pseudochromosomes obtained through a newly constructed genetic map. The oleaster genome contains signatures of two Oleaceae lineage-specific paleopolyploidy events, dated at ∼28 and ∼59 Mya. These events contributed to the expansion and neofunctionalization of genes and gene families that play important roles in oil biosynthesis. The functional divergence of oil biosynthesis pathway genes, such as FAD2, SACPD, EAR, and ACPTE, following duplication, has been responsible for the differential accumulation of oleic and linoleic acids produced in olive compared with sesame, a closely related oil crop. Duplicated oleaster FAD2 genes are regulated by an siRNA derived from a transposable element-rich region, leading to suppressed levels of FAD2 gene expression. Additionally, neofunctionalization of members of the SACPD gene family has led to increased expression of SACPD2, 3, 5, and 7, consequently resulting in an increased desaturation of steric acid. Taken together, decreased FAD2 expression and increased SACPD expression likely explain the accumulation of exceptionally high levels of oleic acid in olive. The oleaster genome thus provides important insights into the evolution of oil biosynthesis and will be a valuable resource for oil crop genomics.
Multiple attributes of the three-dimensional (3D) extracellular matrix (ECM) have been independently implicated as regulators of cell motility, including pore size, crosslink density, structural ...organization, and stiffness. However, these parameters cannot be independently varied within a complex 3D ECM protein network. We present an integrated, quantitative study of these parameters across a broad range of complex matrix configurations using self-assembling 3D collagen and show how each parameter relates to the others and to cell motility. Increasing collagen density resulted in a decrease and then an increase in both pore size and fiber alignment, which both correlated significantly with cell motility but not bulk matrix stiffness within the range tested. However, using the crosslinking enzyme Transglutaminase II to alter microstructure independently of density revealed that motility is most significantly predicted by fiber alignment. Cellular protrusion rate, protrusion orientation, speed of migration, and invasion distance showed coupled biphasic responses to increasing collagen density not predicted by 2D models or by stiffness, but instead by fiber alignment. The requirement of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity was also observed to depend on microstructure, and a threshold of MMP utility was identified. Our results suggest that fiber topography guides protrusions and thereby MMP activity and motility.
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