Regulated necrosis (RN) may result from cyclophilin (Cyp)D-mediated mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) and receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIPK)1-mediated necroptosis, but it is ...currently unclear whether there is one common pathway in which CypD and RIPK1 act in or whether separate RN pathways exist. Here, we demonstrate that necroptosis in ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) in mice occurs as primary organ damage, independent of the immune system, and that mice deficient for RIPK3, the essential downstream partner of RIPK1 in necroptosis, are protected from IRI. Protection of RIPK3-knockout mice was significantly stronger than of CypD-deficient mice. Mechanistically, in vivo analysis of cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury and hyperacute TNF-shock models in mice suggested the distinctness of CypD-mediated MPT from RIPK1/RIPK3-mediated necroptosis. We, therefore, generated CypD-RIPK3 double-deficient mice that are viable and fertile without an overt phenotype and that survived prolonged IRI, which was lethal to each single knockout. Combined application of the RIPK1 inhibitor necrostatin-1 and the MPT inhibitor sanglifehrin A confirmed the results with mutant mice. The data demonstrate the pathophysiological coexistence and corelevance of two separate pathways of RN in IRI and suggest that combination therapy targeting distinct RN pathways can be beneficial in the treatment of ischemic injury.
Globally Optimal Hand-Eye Calibration Using Branch-and-Bound Heller, Jan; Havlena, Michal; Pajdla, Tomas
IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence,
2016-May-1, 2016-May, 2016-5-1, 20160501, Letnik:
38, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
This paper introduces a novel solution to the hand-eye calibration problem. It uses camera measurements directly and, at the same time, requires neither prior knowledge of the external camera ...calibrations nor a known calibration target. Our algorithm uses branch-and-bound approach to minimize an objective function based on the epipolar constraint. Further, it employs Linear Programming to decide the bounding step of the algorithm.Our technique is able to recover both the unknown rotation and translation simultaneously and the solution is guaranteed to be globally optimal with respect to the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">L_{\infty}</tex-math> <inline-graphic xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="heller-ieq1-2469299.gif"/> </inline-formula>-norm.
The pathophysiology of contrast-induced AKI (CIAKI) is incompletely understood due to the lack of an appropriate in vivo model that demonstrates reduced kidney function before administration of ...radiocontrast media (RCM). Here, we examine the effects of CIAKI in vitro and introduce a murine ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI)-based approach that allows induction of CIAKI by a single intravenous application of standard RCM after injury for in vivo studies. Whereas murine renal tubular cells and freshly isolated renal tubules rapidly absorbed RCM, plasma membrane integrity and cell viability remained preserved in vitro and ex vivo, indicating that RCM do not induce apoptosis or regulated necrosis of renal tubular cells. In vivo, the IRI-based CIAKI model exhibited typical features of clinical CIAKI, including RCM-induced osmotic nephrosis and increased serum levels of urea and creatinine that were not altered by inhibition of apoptosis. Direct evaluation of renal morphology by intravital microscopy revealed dilation of renal tubules and peritubular capillaries within 20 minutes of RCM application in uninjured mice and similar, but less dramatic, responses after IRI pretreatment. Necrostatin-1 (Nec-1), a specific inhibitor of the receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1) kinase domain, prevented osmotic nephrosis and CIAKI, whereas an inactive Nec-1 derivate (Nec-1i) or the pan-caspase inhibitor zVAD did not. In addition, Nec-1 prevented RCM-induced dilation of peritubular capillaries, suggesting a novel role unrelated to cell death for the RIP1 kinase domain in the regulation of microvascular hemodynamics and pathophysiology of CIAKI.
Human physical activities may bring potential health benefits. The aim of our study was to compare body composition, lung function and aerobic fitness as a function of age in a cross-sectional study ...of 277 recreational cyclists (men: n = 163, women: n = 114) and 377 recreational runners (men: n = 239, women: n = 138) aged 20 to 60 years, with a training volume of about 2000 to 4000 km per year for cyclists and 25 to 60 km per week for runners. The survey focused on comparing the values of body composition, lung function and aerobic fitness in dependence on age. The results suggest that recreational cycling and running is associated with a favorable body composition and increased physical fitness, where the percentage of body fat in athletes corresponds to about 70–90% of the population norm, while physical fitness indices, maximum oxygen consumption and maximum exercise performance corresponded at about 140 to 150% of the population norms. The study confirms the assumption that the decrease in physiological functions and/or physical condition with age is much slower in those who participate in recreational sports than in the general nonsports population.
This study was aimed at comparing the force–velocity relationship during cycling and arm cranking in males and females. Thirty-two male and twenty-two female healthy volunteers performed a ...force–velocity test on a cycle ergometer and a cranking ergometer in a randomly selected order. The theoretical values of the maximum force at zero speed (F0) and the maximum velocity at zero braking force (v0) for the lower and upper limbs were determined, and the maximum anaerobic power (Pmax) was calculated from the individual force–velocity relationship. The Pmax and F0 of the upper limbs related to the lower limbs correspond to 78.2 ± 14.3% and 80.1 ± 17.3% in men and 65.5 ± 12.5% and 74.5 ± 6.5% in women, respectively. The theoretical maximum velocity v0 of the upper limbs to the lower limbs attained 129.1 ± 29.0% in men and 127.4 ± 26.4% in women. The results of the study can serve as reference data for the force–velocity characteristics of the upper and lower limbs of male and female athletes. The results can be used both in training and rehabilitation programs, where the starting point is the objectification of possible strength deficits in various areas of the force–velocity characteristic spectrum of the muscles of the upper and lower limbs.
The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of long term (prolonged) football training on maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2) and isokinetic muscle strength in young football players and ...untrained boys of the same biological age. Twenty football competitive boys (mean age 14 ± 0 yrs; height 165.5 ± 8.5 cm; weight 59.9 ± 9.5 kg; years of training 7 ± 3) and eighteen untrained school boys (mean age 14 ± 0; height 168.22 ± 10.46 cm; weight 59.3 ± 9.9 kg) of the same biological age volunteered to participate in the study. Sexual maturation classified according to Tanner’s stage 3. The football players participated both in their school’s physical education program and in their football team training program while the untrained group participated only in their school’s physical education program (2–3 times per week for 40 min). All subjects were tested for maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2) and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) on the treadmill using an open circuit spirometry. The isokinetic peak torque values of quadriceps (Q) and hamstrings (H) as well as the H : Q strength ratios were recorded. Hcon : Qcon was calculated as the ratio of the peak concentric torque of H to the peak concentric torque of the Q. Results showed that the trained group had significantly lower heart rate in rest (p < 0.001), higher RER (p < 0.001), maximal blood lactate (BLmax) (p < 0.001) and higher V̇O2 max in both relative and absolute values (p < 0.001) compared to the untrained group. At angular velocities of 60 ° s−1 and 180 ° s−1 the relative peak torque of Q and H were significantly higher (Q = p < 0.01; H = p < 0.01). However, the absolute values of Q and H as well as the H : Q ratios at all angular velocities did not differ significantly between the two groups. The results suggest that systematic football training (intensity and duration) has a positive effect in metabolic capacity, cardiorespiratory system and neuromuscular function.
Tables for calculating the energy expenditure of the physical activities of the general population cannot be used due to the different paralysis of the upper or lower limbs in people with spinal cord ...injury (SCI). The purpose of this review is to compare the differences in the values of basal metabolic rate (BMR), basal energy expenditure (BEE), resting energy expenditure (REE) and resting metabolic rate (RMR) the values evidenced in the literature, observed values vs predicted values using the Harris-Benedict equation. We realized the background research from the time period from 1985 to 2018. We searched in PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases for articles addressing the relationship between BMR and people with SCI. We compared the parameters of BMR, BEE, REE and RMR according to Harris-Benedict (HB) equation for persons with SCI. The study confirmed that the energy expenditure of persons with SCI could not be evaluated correctly by the Harris-Benedict equation.
On the Two-View Geometry of Unsynchronized Cameras Albl, Cenek; Kukelova, Zuzana; Fitzgibbon, Andrew ...
2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR),
07/2017
Conference Proceeding
Odprti dostop
We present new methods of simultaneously estimating camera geometry and time shift from video sequences from multiple unsynchronized cameras. Algorithms for simultaneous computation of a fundamental ...matrix or a homography with unknown time shift between images are developed. Our methods use minimal correspondence sets (eight for fundamental matrix and four and a half for homography) and therefore are suitable for robust estimation using RANSAC. Furthermore, we present an iterative algorithm that extends the applicability on sequences which are significantly unsynchronized, finding the correct time shift up to several seconds. We evaluated the methods on synthetic and wide range of real world datasets and the results show a broad applicability to the problem of camera synchronization.
This article explores the association between medical professionalism, revenue enhancement, and self-interest. Utilizing the sociological literature, I begin by characterizing professionalism ...generally and medical professionalism particularly. I then consider “pay for performance” mechanisms as an example of one way physicians might be incentivized to improve their professionalism and, at the same time, enhance their revenue. I suggest that the concern discussed in much of the medical professionalism literature that physicians might act on the basis of self-interest is over-generalized, and that instead we ought to argue about ways to distinguish permissible and impermissible self-interested actions. Also, I argue that financial incentives for medical professionals ought to be permissible but considered as “by-products” of doing what physicians are expected to do as professionals in any case. Nevertheless, I conclude that, even if a positive association between increasing professionalism and revenue enhancement can be established, in the long term it may not be an unambiguous good for physicians as professionals in that this association may tend to reduce their professional discretion.
PDF
