Fat embolism syndrome (FES) is most often associated with orthopedic trauma that typically presents 24-72 hours after the trauma with a classic triad. Only few cases of fat embolism due to lower ...extremity venous system had been reported.
The current case report presents a pregnant woman who was referred to our emergency department with bilateral femoral open fracture. After detecting fetal demise by abdominopelvic ultrasound, an area of fat density in right external iliac vein was detected in abdominopelvic contrast enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan which was considered as the probable diagnosis of fat embolism. While the patient did not show signs and symptoms of FES, the fat embolism was confirmed in further evaluations.
In summary, although detection of fat embolus in CT scan in the emergency department is very rare, evaluation of lower extremity venous system in a posttraumatic patient seems to be crucial because early diagnosis of fat embolism can help the clinicians to prevent FES.
INTRODUCTIONFat embolism syndrome (FES) is most often associated with orthopedic trauma that typically presents 24-72 hours after the trauma with a classic triad. Only few cases of fat embolism due ...to lower extremity venous system had been reported. CASE PRESENTATIONThe current case report presents a pregnant woman who was referred to our emergency department with bilateral femoral open fracture. After detecting fetal demise by abdominopelvic ultrasound, an area of fat density in right external iliac vein was detected in abdominopelvic contrast enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan which was considered as the probable diagnosis of fat embolism. While the patient did not show signs and symptoms of FES, the fat embolism was confirmed in further evaluations. CONCLUSIONIn summary, although detection of fat embolus in CT scan in the emergency department is very rare, evaluation of lower extremity venous system in a posttraumatic patient seems to be crucial because early diagnosis of fat embolism can help the clinicians to prevent FES.
Re-emerging of monkeypox virus (MPXV), a neglected viral zoonotic disease, is a potential global threat. In the current COVID-19 pandemic status, the increasing reporting of positive cases of human ...MPXV in most countries of the world is a major reason for concern. This paper aims to describe the insights and lessons from COVID-19 pandemic in preventing the impending danger MPXV. In order to prevent further outbreak of disease, identify and control of MPXV transmission routes is necessary. Public health authorities should be vigilant and applied of effective strategies to mitigate the potential spread of MPXV. To address research gaps related to MPX outbreaks, national, regional, and international collaborations are required in time. Finally, the lessons and insights put forward point to the fact that, like the COVID-19 pandemic, people's health by and large depends on the decisions of government officials and people must continue to adhere to health principles. Hence, governments and policymakers must take appropriate precautionary measures to prevent similar crises like COVID-19 in the world.
Introduction and purpose: Cachexia syndrome is a multifactorial syndrome characterized by a significant reduction in skeletal muscle mass and no reduction in body fat mass. Therefore, the present s ...tudy aimed to inves tigate the therapeutic effect of sports exercises on the mechanisms that cause cachexia. Methods: In the review and narrative s tudy, PubMed, Springer, Elsevier, Science Direct, and SID databases from 1991 to 2022 were searched using the keywords "Physical fitness, physical activity, muscle, body composition, breas t cancer, and exercise." After the initial screening, the full text of the articles was evaluated, and the articles that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. A total of 67 articles met the inclusion criteria for the review. Results: Based on recent studies, the mos t important possible mechanisms affecting cancer cachexia are sys temic cytokines, which are continuously activated by cancer and its treatment. Research shows that exercise may prevent cachexia in cancer patients. Conclusion: Skeletal muscle loss due to cancer cachexia is clinically important since it helps reduce or discontinue cancer treatment and is associated with increased mortality. It seems that performing sports interventions can be effective in improving these complications.
Testicular torsion is a pathological condition which leads to sever scrotal pain and ischemia. After surgical reperfusion, oxidative stress factors cause to germ cell apoptosis. Thus, adjuvant ...therapy to surgery should be useful to decrease of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury of testis. Modafinil, a drug to treat sleepiness, has been indicated to have anti-inflammatory effects. The aim was to evaluate the efficiency of modafinil administration after reperfusion surgery in a rat model of testicular torsion/detorsion (T/D). Male wistar rats were divided into three groups and each group contained 10 animals. To induce torsion right testis was rotated 720° clockwise and was left for 1 h. Modafinil group received modafinil (10 mg/kg) once daily intraperitoneally for 7 days after the surgery and the control group received physiologic saline once daily intraperitoneally for 7 days after the surgery. Thereafter, MDA, IL-1β and TNF-α levels and histopathological changes were investigated. MDA, IL-1β and TNF-α levels significantly increased in T/D group compared to the control group (⁎⁎P < .01 and ⁎⁎⁎P < .001, respectively). Moreover, modafinil administration significantly reduced these values compared to T/D group (#P < .05 and ##P < .01, respectively). Histopathological changes such as degeneration in germinal cells were detected in testis T/D group of rats whereas modafinil administration prevented degeneration in germinal cells, edema and hemorrhage compared with T/D group. In conclusion, administration of modafinil after reperfusion surgery had protective role on testicular torsion in rat and reduced ischemia/reperfusion cellular injury via anti-inflammatory and decrease of oxidative stress.
•Modafinil prevented testicular torsion/detorsion damage in rats.•Modafinil had anti-inflammatory effect via reducing MDA, IL-1β and TNF-α levels.•Modafinil inhibited the histopathological changes induced by torsion/detorsion.
•Data obtained from eight clinical trials which conducted on 552 participants.•Administration of artichoke and artichoke products has not effect on SBP and DBP.•However, artichoke supplementation ...significantly reduce SBP and DBP in hypertensive patients.•In addition, artichoke supplementation for 12 weeks led to a significantly decreased DBP.
Clinical trials considering the effects of artichoke supplementation on blood pressure have yielded different and contradictory outcomes. Thus, a systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to assess effects of artichoke administration on blood pressure.
Related studies were detected by searching the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase and Scopus databases up to 15 March 2020. Weighted Mean Differences (WMD) were pooled using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity, sensitivity analyses, and publication bias were evaluated using standard methods.
Pooled analysis of eight randomized controlled trials revealed that artichoke supplementation did not have an effect on systolic blood pressure (SBP), (WMD: -0.77 mmHg, 95 % CI: −2.76 to 1.22) or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (WMD: −0.11 mmHg, 95 % CI: −1.72 to 1.50) when compared to the placebo group. However, subgroup analyses based on health status suggested that artichoke administration among hypertensive patients may significantly reduce SBP (WMD: −3.19 mmHg, 95 % CI: −3.32 to −3.06) and DBP (WMD: −2.33 mmHg, 95 % CI: −2.23 to −2.43), but no such reduction was found in NAFLD patients. Furthermore, our results indicated that artichoke supplementation for 12 weeks led to a significantly decreased DBP (WMD: -2.33 mmHg, 95 % CI: −2.43 to −2.23), but 8 weeks of intervention did not (WMD: 0.80 mmHg, 95 % CI: −1.06 to 2.66).
Artichoke supplementation may potentially lead to SBP and DBP reduction in hypertensive patients. In addition, artichoke supplementation for 12 weeks may significantly improve DBP.
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a vital role in the brain. On the other hand, researchers showed that exercise may cause more release of BDNF and thus have a positive effect on the ...brain. Studies have reported controversial findings in multiple sclerosis, and there are no broad conclusions on this topic. This study aims to systematically investigate the effect of exercise training on BDNF concentration in multiple sclerosis animal models. Searches were conducted in the electronic databases of PubMed, Scopus, Medline, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar search engine to obtain the related articles about the role of exercise training on BDNF levels just in animal models of multiple sclerosis. All of the database searches were limited to the period from inception to February 2021. Two reviewers extracted study details and data. The methodological quality of the studies that used animal models was assessed using the PEDro Scale. Fourteen articles were included in this review with scores from 7/10 to 8/10 according to the PEDro scale. Five articles reported elevation, one article reported a reduction; and eight articles reported no changes in BDNF level following or preconditioning exercise training in model of multiple sclerosis. The findings of this study showed that aerobic exercise increases changes in central BDNF concentration in multiple sclerosis in animal model.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) belongs to the Herpesviridae family and is also known as human herpesvirus type 5. It is a common virus that usually doesn't cause any symptoms in healthy individuals. However, ...once infected, the virus remains in the host's body for life and can reactivate when the host's immune system weakens. This virus has been linked to several neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Autism spectrum disorder, Huntington's disease (HD), ataxia, Bell's palsy (BP), and brain tumours, which can cause a wide range of symptoms and challenges for those affected. CMV may influence inflammation, contribute to brain tissue damage, and elevate the risk of moderate‐to‐severe dementia. Multiple studies suggest a potential association between CMV and ataxia in various conditions, including Guillain‐Barré syndrome, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, acute cerebellitis, etc. On the other hand, the evidence regarding CMV involvement in BP is conflicting, and also early indications of a link between CMV and HD were challenged by subsequent research disproving CMV's presence. This systematic review aims to comprehensively investigate any link between the pathogenesis of CMV and its potential role in neurological disorders and follows the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta‐analysis checklist. Despite significant research into the potential links between CMV infection and various neurological disorders, the direct cause‐effect relationship is not fully understood and several gaps in knowledge persist. Therefore, continued research is necessary to gain a better understanding of the role of CMV in neurological disorders and potential treatment avenues.
•Data obtained from 10 clinical trials which conducted on 588 participants.•Administration of artichoke and artichoke products has not effect on weight and BMI.•Supplementation of artichoke has ...effect on waist circumference.•However, artichoke supplementation in hypertensive patients significantly reduces the weight.
Studies on the efficacy of artichoke administration on anthropometric indices gave different outcomes. Hence, a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis were accomplished to understand the effects of artichoke administration on anthropometric indices.
Related clinical trials were found by searching in PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library and Scopus databases up to 29 February 2020. Weighted Mean Differences (WMD) were analyzed using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity, publication bias and sensitivity analysis were assessed for anthropometric indices.
Pooled analysis of 10 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) suggested that the artichoke administration has effect on waist circumference (WMD: -1.11 cm, 95 % CI: -2.08 to - 0.14), as opposed to the other anthropometric indices including weight (WMD: -0.62 kg, 95 % CI: -1.86 to 0.61) or BMI (WMD: -0.12, 95 % CI: -0.43 to 0.20). However, the analysis of the subgroups according to the health status showed that artichoke supplementation in hypertensive patients significantly reduced weight (WMD: -2.34 kg, 95 % CI: -3.11 to -1.57) but not the other indicators (WMD: -0.06 kg, 95 % CI: 0.78 to 0.67).
The artichoke supplementation has effect on the waist circumference, but not on the other anthropometric indices. For establishment of more accurate conclusion more studies with longer administration duration are need to be done.
Since an individual's personality and behavior are mainly shaped in the family environment, parental substance abuse and its consequences can lead to confusion and instability in the family ...environment and reduce child-parent relationship. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between different aspects of parental communication patterns and self-efficacy in adolescents with parental substance abuse.
In this descriptive correlational study, a total of 100 adolescents with parental substance abuse were selected via random sampling. The data collection tools included the parental communication patterns scale and self-efficacy questionnaire. Data were analyzed in SPSS version 20, using linear regression analysis and Pearson's correlation coefficient test.
The mean age of the adolescents was 14.5±2.5 years. Pearson's correlation coefficient showed that the adolescents' self-efficacy score was directly correlated with the score of conversation orientation dimension (a parental communication pattern) and inversely correlated with the dimension of conformity orientation (P<0.001).
Development of educational programs to promote communication skills, positive family interactions, decision-making, and flexibility can change the unhealthy family environment into a healthy and productive one, which promotes self-efficacy beliefs in children.
PDF
