This abstract collection covers articles for Volume 6, Issue 4. The articles are clinically oriented and deal with issues surrounding sexual orientation and gender identity and diversity. (PsycInfo ...Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)
Measurements of atmospheric O2/N2 ratios and CO2 concentrations can be combined into a tracer known as atmospheric potential oxygen (APO ≈ O2/N2 + CO2) that is conservative with respect to ...terrestrial biological activity. Consequently, APO reflects primarily ocean biogeochemistry and atmospheric circulation. Building on the work of Stephens et al. (1998), we present a set of APO observations for the years 1996–2003 with unprecedented spatial coverage. Combining data from the Princeton and Scripps air sampling programs, the data set includes new observations collected from ships in the low‐latitude Pacific. The data show a smaller interhemispheric APO gradient than was observed in past studies, and different structure within the hemispheres. These differences appear to be due primarily to real changes in the APO field over time. The data also show a significant maximum in APO near the equator. Following the approach of Gruber et al. (2001), we compare these observations with predictions of APO generated from ocean O2 and CO2 flux fields and forward models of atmospheric transport. Our model predictions differ from those of earlier modeling studies, reflecting primarily the choice of atmospheric transport model (TM3 in this study). The model predictions show generally good agreement with the observations, matching the size of the interhemispheric gradient, the approximate amplitude and extent of the equatorial maximum, and the amplitude and phasing of the seasonal APO cycle at most stations. Room for improvement remains. The agreement in the interhemispheric gradient appears to be coincidental; over the last decade, the true APO gradient has evolved to a value that is consistent with our time‐independent model. In addition, the equatorial maximum is somewhat more pronounced in the data than the model. This may be due to overly vigorous model transport, or insufficient spatial resolution in the air‐sea fluxes used in our modeling effort. Finally, the seasonal cycles predicted by the model of atmospheric transport show evidence of an excessive seasonal rectifier in the Aleutian Islands and smaller problems elsewhere.
The oxygen isotope signature of atmospheric O2 is linked to the isotopic signature of seawater (H2O) through photosynthesis and respiration. Fractionation during these processes is mass dependent, ...affecting δ17O about half as much as δ18O. An “anomalous” fractionation process, which changes δ17O and δ18O of O2 about equally, takes place during isotope exchange between O2 and CO2 in the stratosphere. The relative rates of biologic O2 production and stratospheric processing determine the relationship between δ17O and δ18O of O2 in the atmosphere. Variations of this relationship thus allow us to estimate changes in the rate of mass‐dependent O2 production by photosynthesis versus the rate of O2‐CO2 exchange in the stratosphere with about equal fractionations of δ17O and δ18O. In this study we reconstruct total oxygen productivity for the last glacial, the last glacial termination, and the early Holocene from the triple isotope composition of atmospheric oxygen trapped in ice cores. With a box model we estimate that total biogenic productivity was only ∼76–83% of today for the glacial and was probably lower than today during the glacial‐interglacial transition and the early Holocene. Depending on how reduced the oxygen flux from the land biosphere was during the glacial, the oxygen flux from the glacial ocean biosphere was 88–140% of its present value.
Presents a collection of article summaries from the volume 7, issue 1 edition of the journal Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity. Article summary titles include: Transgender affect ...misattribution procedure (transgender AMP): Development and initial evaluation of performance of a measure of implicit prejudice; Nonmonosexual stress and dimensions of health: Within-group variation by sexual, gender, and racial/ ethnic identities; Retrospective feelings of difference based on gender and sexuality among emerging adults; Stressors and drinking in sexual minority women: The mediating role of emotion dysregulation; Cognitive-affective and religious values associated with parental acceptance of an LGBT child; Gender expansive youth disclosure and mental health: Clinical implications of gender identity disclosure; The Impact of heteronormative ideals imposition on sexual orientation questioning distress; and Exploring the Q in LGBTQ: Demographic characteristic and sexuality of queer people in a U.S. representative sample of sexual minorities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)
As a contribution to the study of equatorial Pacific biogeochemistry, we measured the O2/Ar ratio and the triple isotope composition (18O, 17O, and 16O) of O2 along six meridional lines in the ...equatorial Pacific (8°N–8°S at 95°W, 110°W, 125°W, 140°W, 155°W, and 170°W). O2/Ar ratios and δ18O were close to equilibrium values within the mixed layer and followed the general trend of increasing δ18O with decreasing O2/Ar at greater depths. The 17Δ (≈δ17O–0.5δ18O) constrains the fraction of photosynthetic O2; 17Δ was slightly elevated with respect to equilibrium within the mixed layer due to local photosynthetic production. In aphotic zone waters above 250 m depth the average 17Δ values were higher than in the mixed layer. There are four sources of this photosynthetic signal in the dark ocean: production in the euphotic zone prior to subduction in the distant source regions, production below the mixed layer during travel to the equatorial zone, diapycnal mixing with shallower waters bearing photosynthetic O2, and accumulation of photosynthetic O2 produced at very low rates below the 1% light level. Our results also constrain biological production rates within the mixed layer at several locations along 95°W and 110°W. Our average rate of 14C production (53 ± 34 mmol C m−2 d−1) agreed well with other estimates in the equatorial Pacific, while our average rate of net C production (6.9 ± 6.2 mmol C m−2 d−1) and f ratio (0.12 ± 0.11) were somewhat lower than other estimates. Adding δ18O and 17Δ as tracers to three‐dimensional biogeochemical ocean GCMs and comparing results with observations will extend our understanding of metabolic rates in the study region.
President's Welcome Hendricks, Michael L
Psychology of sexual orientation and gender diversity,
03/2014, Letnik:
1, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
In this President's welcome, Hendricks introduces the launch of the Society for the Psychological Study of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Issues’s (Division 44 of the American Psychological ...Association) first journal titled Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Immune control of HSV-1 latency Decman, Vilma; Freeman, Michael L; Kinchington, Paul R ...
Viral Immunology,
09/2005, Letnik:
18, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
A hallmark of the herpes family of viruses is their ability to cause recurrent disease. Upon primary infection, Herpes Simplex virus (HSV) establishes a latent infection in sensory neurons that ...persists for the life of the individual. Reactivation of these latent viral genomes with virion formation is the source of virus for most HSV recurrent disease. This review details recent exciting findings supporting a role for the host immune system, particularly CD8+ T cells in maintaining HSV-1 in a latent state.
To assess the impact of manufacturing changes on antibody structure and function during the course of product development, three comparability studies were performed for each of two different IgG1 ...monoclonal antibody product candidates. Comparability study #1 evaluated the effect of changing the cell line and bulk drug substance manufacturing process for cell culture and purification. Results indicated that these process changes led to differences in sialylation of N-glycans and/or C-terminal lysine levels. Comparability study #2 results confirmed that scale-up of the bulk process and transfer to the commercial site, combined with changing from a lyophilized to a liquid dosage form, did not impact the structural or functional integrity of the antibodies. Comparability study #3 examined possible differences arising when the liquid formulation filled into pre-filled syringes and vials. Results indicated nearly identical molecular structure, biological activity, and degradation profiles except for a small yet statistically significant increase in the levels of subvisible particles in pre-filled syringes. These results from comparability studies with two different monoclonal antibodies are discussed with respect to the timing of the manufacturing changes and overall comparability strategies to assure safety and efficacy during development.
Improvements made to an established mass spectrometric method for measuring changes in atmospheric O2/N2 are described. With the improvements in sample handling and analysis, sample throughput and ...analytical precision have both increased. Aliquots from duplicate flasks are repeatedly measured over a period of 2 weeks, with an overall standard error in each flask of 3–4 per meg, corresponding to 0.6–0.8 ppm O2 in air. Records of changes in O2/N2 from six global sampling stations (Barrow, American Samoa, Cape Grim, Amsterdam Island, Macquarie Island, and Syowa Station) are presented. Combined with measurements of CO2 from the same sample flasks, land and ocean carbon uptake were calculated from the three sampling stations with the longest records (Barrow, Samoa, and Cape Grim). From 1994–2002, We find the average CO2 uptake by the ocean and the land biosphere was 1.7 ± 0.5 and 1.0 ± 0.6 GtC yr−1 respectively; these numbers include a correction of 0.3 Gt C yr−1 due to secular outgassing of ocean O2. Interannual variability calculated from these data shows a strong land carbon source associated with the 1997–1998 El Niño event, supporting many previous studies indicating that high atmospheric growth rates observed during most El Niño events reflect diminished land uptake. Calculations of interannual variability in land and ocean uptake are probably confounded by non‐zero annual air sea fluxes of O2. The origin of these fluxes is not yet understood.
We report O
2/Ar ratios (a constraint on net community production) and the triple isotopic composition of dissolved O
2 (a constraint on gross primary production) in samples collected from the ...surface mixed layer on 23 Southern Ocean transits. Samples were collected at 1–2° meridional resolution during the austral summer. Methodological limitations notwithstanding, the results constrain the net/gross production ratio, net O
2 production, and gross O
2 production at unprecedented resolution throughout the Southern Ocean mixed layer. Gross O
2 production rates inferred from the oxygen triple isotopes are greater than production rates calculated from a model based on remotely sensed chlorophyll. This result agrees with previous
18O and
14C incubations along 170°W. O
2/Ar ratios exceeding saturation are consistently observed within the Subantarctic and Polar Frontal Zones south of New Zealand and Australia, showing that a net autotrophic community predominates during austral summer. Lower O
2/Ar values are observed within the Drake Passage and Antarctic Zone, suggesting unresolved influences of low net community production, net heterotrophy, and upwelling of O
2-undersaturated waters. In autotrophic waters of the austral summer mixed layer, ratios of net community production/gross O
2 production scatter about 0.13, corresponding to
f ratios of ∼0.25. Net community/gross O
2 production ratios show no meridional gradient across the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, suggesting that an approximately constant fraction of gross primary productivity is regenerated or exported. Our calculated net O
2 production rates are in satisfactory agreement with comparable published estimates. Net and gross O
2 production rates are highest in the Subantarctic and decline to the south, paralleling the well-known trend of chlorophyll
a concentrations. In an analysis of variance of net O
2 production and gross O
2 production with other environmental variables, the strongest correlations are between net O
2 production and sea surface temperature (SST) (direct correlation), climatological NO
3
− (inverse correlation), and estimates of primary productivity derived from a remote sensing (direct correlation). These trends are as expected if aerosol iron input is the most important influence on production. They are unexpected if upwelling-derived SiO
2 and iron are the leading influence or if lower SSTs promote greater export in this region.
PDF
