PurposeIn 2018, an artificial intelligence (AI) interview platform was introduced and adopted by companies in Korea. This study aims to explore the perspectives of applicants who have experienced an ...AI-based interview through this platform and examines the opinions of companies, a platform developer and academia.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a phenomenological approach. The participants, who had recent experience of AI video interviews, were recruited offline and online. Eighteen job applicants in their 20s, two companies that have adopted this interview platform, a software developer who created the platform and three professors participated in the study. To collect data, focus group interviews and in-depth interviews were conducted.FindingsAs a result, all of them believed that an AI-based interview was more efficient than a traditional one in terms of cost and time savings and is likely to be adopted by more companies in the future. They pointed to the possibility of data bias requiring an improvement in AI accountability. Applicants perceived an AI-based interview to be better than traditional evaluation procedures in procedural fairness, objectivity and consistency of algorithms. However, some applicants were dissatisfied about being assessed by AI. Digital divide and automated inequality were recurring themes in this study.Originality/valueThe study is important, as it addresses the real application of AI in detail, and a case study of smart hiring tools would be valuable in finding the practical and theoretical implications of such hiring in the fields of employment and AI.
All‐solid‐state sodium‐ion batteries that operate at room temperature are attractive candidates for use in large‐scale energy storage systems. However, materials innovation in solid electrolytes is ...imperative to fulfill multiple requirements, including high conductivity, functional synthesis protocols for achieving intimate ionic contact with active materials, and air stability. A new, highly conductive (1.1 mS cm−1 at 25 °C, Ea=0.20 eV) and dry air stable sodium superionic conductor, tetragonal Na3SbS4, is described. Importantly, Na3SbS4 can be prepared by scalable solution processes using methanol or water, and it exhibits high conductivities of 0.1–0.3 mS cm−1. The solution‐processed, highly conductive solidified Na3SbS4 electrolyte coated on an active material (NaCrO2) demonstrates dramatically improved electrochemical performance in all‐solid‐state batteries.
Dissolve and solidify: A new and highly conductive (1.1 mS cm−1), dry air‐stable sodium superionic conductor, tetragonal Na3SbS4, was developed. Importantly, its solution processability using methanol or water allows direct coating onto active materials. The solution‐processed highly conductive (0.1–0.3 mS cm−1) solidified Na3SbS4 coating on NaCrO2 solves the poor ionic contact problem in all‐solid‐state sodium‐ion batteries.
This study was performed to determine whether neoadjuvant treatment increases survival in patients with BRPC.
Despite many promising retrospective data on the effect of neoadjuvant treatment for ...borderline resectable pancreatic cancer (BRPC), no high-level evidence exists to support the role of such treatment.
This phase 2/3 multicenter randomized controlled trial was designed to enroll 110 patients with BRPC who were randomly assigned to gemcitabine-based neoadjuvant chemoradiation treatment (54 Gray external beam radiation) followed by surgery or upfront surgery followed by chemoradiation treatment from four large-volume centers in Korea. The primary endpoint was the 2-year survival rate (2-YSR). Interim analysis was planned at the time of 50% case enrollment.
After excluding the patients who withdrew consent (n = 8) from the 58 enrolled patients, 27 patients were allocated to neoadjuvant treatment and 23 to upfront surgery groups. The overall 2-YSR was 34.0% with a median survival of 16 months. In the intention-to-treat analysis, the 2-YSR and median survival were significantly better in the neoadjuvant chemoradiation than the upfront surgery group 40.7%, 21 months vs 26.1%, 12 months, hazard ratio 1.495 (95% confidence interval 0.66-3.36), P = 0.028. R0 resection rate was also significantly higher in the neoadjuvant chemoradiation group than upfront surgery (n = 14, 51.8% vs n = 6, 26.1%, P = 0.004). The safety monitoring committee decided on early termination of the study on the basis of the statistical significance of neoadjuvant treatment efficacy.
This is the first prospective randomized controlled trial on the oncological benefits of neoadjuvant treatment in BRPC. Compared to upfront surgery, neoadjuvant chemoradiation provides oncological benefits in patients with BRPC.
Pneumonia is a leading infectious cause of morbidity and mortality among adults. Pneumococcal pneumonia (PP) is the most common vaccine-preventable bacterial etiology of pneumonia. In this study, we ...estimated the incidence of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and pneumococcal diseases among Korean adults.
Clinical and microbiological databases from three hospitals were retrospectively reviewed to determine the incidence and case fatality rates of CAP and pneumococcal diseases in Korean adults aged ≥19 years from 2011 to 2014. Incidence and case fatality rates of CAP, PP and invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPD) were evaluated based on the catchment population. Catchment population was calculated using national health insurance data, estimating the proportion of patients with pneumonia that were medically attended at each hospital.
Among 5,783 patients with medically attended CAP, 833 (14.4%) had PP. For IPD, a total of 91 culture-confirmed cases were identified. The overall incidence of CAP was 307.7 cases per 100,000 persons per year with an in-hospital mortality rate of 6.2%. The estimated annual incidence of pneumococcal pneumonia was 42.2-49.4 cases per 100,000 persons per year, increasing with age to >280 per 100,000 persons per year in older patients over 70 years. The annual incidence of IPD had a range of 4.1-6.5 cases per 100,000 persons per year. The overall case fatality rate for invasive pneumococcal diseases was 30.8% with the highest rate of 66.7% in patients over 80 years.
Over the study period, incidences of CAP, PP and IPD were consistently high, particularly in older people. These results provide baseline data to establish healthcare strategies and estimate their impact among Korean adults.
•EM absorbing properties of Z-type hexaferrite-epoxy composites have been investigated.•Z-hexaferrite exhibits a strong EM wave absorbing performance with RLmin < −50 dB at around the FMR ...frequency.•The frequency of RL peak changes according to the FMR frequency shift induced by an external H-field.
Sr3Co2Fe24O41 hexaferrite powders were prepared via sol-gel synthesis and calcination. The hexaferrite powders after calcination in the temperature range of 1225–1245 °C had almost a single Z-type phase. The Z-type hexaferrite-epoxy (10 wt%) composite sample exhibits ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) at 2.9 GHz and strong electromagnetic (EM) wave absorbing performance with the lowest reflection loss (RLmin) < −50 dB around the FMR frequency. The FMR frequency gradually shifted to 3.9 and 6.5 GHz when external magnetic fields (H) of 250 and 450 Oe were applied, respectively. It is demonstrated that EM wave absorption in the hexaferrite-epoxy composites arises from ferromagnetic resonances (FMR) in the gigahertz band. The frequency of RLmin changes in accordance with the shift in the FMR frequency induced by an external magnetic field. The Z-type hexaferrite–epoxy composite is a highly promising material for EM wave absorption in the gigahertz band (2–10 GHz).
Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is one of the most potent pro-inflammatory cytokines implicated in a wide range of autoinflammatory, autoimmune, infectious, and degenerative diseases. Therefore, many ...researchers have focused on developing therapeutic molecules that inhibit IL-1β-IL-1 receptor 1 (IL-1R1) interaction for the treatment of IL-1-related diseases. Among IL-1-related diseases, osteoarthritis (OA), is characterized by progressive cartilage destruction, chondrocyte inflammation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. Tannic acid (TA) has been proposed to have multiple beneficial effects, including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-tumor activities. However, it is unclear whether TA plays a role in anti-IL-1β activity by blocking IL-1β-IL-1R1 interaction in OA. In this study, we report the anti-IL-1β activity of TA in the progression of OA in both in vitro human OA chondrocytes and in vivo rat OA models. Herein, using-ELISA-based screening, natural compound candidates capable of inhibiting the IL-1β-IL-1R1 interaction were identified. Among selected candidates, TA showed hindering IL-1β-IL-1R1 interaction by direct binding to IL-1β using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay. In addition, TA inhibited IL-1β bioactivity in HEK-Blue IL-1-dependent reporter cell line. TA also inhibited IL-1β-induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), nitric oxide (NO), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in human OA chondrocytes. Moreover, TA downregulated IL-1β-stimulated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)3, MMP13, ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif (ADAMTS)4, and ADAMTS5, while upregulating collagen type II (COL2A1) and aggrecan (ACAN). Mechanistically, we confirmed that TA suppressed IL-1β-induced MAPK and NF-κB activation. The protective effects of TA were also observed in a monosodium iodoacetamide (MIA)-induced rat OA model by reducing pain and cartilage degradation and inhibiting IL-1β-mediated inflammation. Collectively, our results provide evidence that TA plays a potential role in OA and IL-1β-related diseases by hindering IL-1β-IL-1R1 interaction and suppressing IL-1β bioactivity.
Background/Purpose
The current study aimed to develop a prediction model using a multi‐marker panel as a diagnostic screening tool for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
Methods
Multi‐center cohort of ...1991 blood samples were collected from January 2011 to September 2019, of which 609 were normal, 145 were other cancer (colorectal, thyroid, and breast cancer), 314 were pancreatic benign disease, and 923 were pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. The automated multi‐biomarker Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay kit was developed using three potential biomarkers: LRG1, TTR, and CA 19‐9. Using a logistic regression model on a training data set, the predicted values for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma were obtained, and the result was classification into one of the three risk groups: low, intermediate, and high. The five covariates used to create the model were sex, age, and three biomarkers.
Results
Participants were categorized into four groups as normal (n = 609), other cancer (n = 145), pancreatic benign disease (n = 314), and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (n = 923). The normal, other cancer, and pancreatic benign disease groups were clubbed into the non‐pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma group (n = 1068). The positive and negative predictive value, sensitivity, and specificity were 94.12, 90.40, 93.81, and 90.86, respectively.
Conclusions
This study demonstrates a significant diagnostic performance of the multi‐marker panel in distinguishing pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma from normal and benign pancreatic disease states, as well as patients with other cancers.
In ultrasound (US)-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of solid thyroid nodules (STN) using liquid-based cytology (LBC), the most appropriate needle size for LBC remains unclear. This study compared ...the cytological adequacy and complications associated with using 23- and 25-gauge needles in US-guided FNA of STNs using LBC. US-guided FNA was performed in consecutive patients by one radiologist to diagnose STNs ≥ 5 mm in the largest diameter. The one-sampling technique through a single needle puncture and multiple to-and-fro needle motions was used in each patient. The 23- and 25-guage needles were used consecutively each day. After FNA, the pain and complications experienced by each patient were investigated by a nurse, who was blinded to the information of needle gauge used. A cytopathologist retrospectively analyzed the cytological adequacy and cellularity of the cases. Of the 99 STNs, eight (8.1%) exhibited inadequate cytology (4 each with 23- and 25-gauge needles). The rate of cytological adequacy was not statistically different between the groups (p = 0.631). The mean pain scale values with 23- and 25-gauge needles were 2.1 ± 1.3 and 1.6 ± 1.3, respectively (p = 0.135). There were no significant complications in either group. In conclusion, both 23- and 25-gauge needles are useful in LBC because cytological adequacy and complications were not statistically different with both sizes of the needles.
TLR2 in association with TLR1 or TLR6 plays an important role in the innate immune response by recognizing microbial lipoproteins and lipopeptides. Here we present the crystal structures of the human ...TLR1-TLR2-lipopeptide complex and of the mouse TLR2-lipopeptide complex. Binding of the tri-acylated lipopeptide, Pam
3CSK
4, induced the formation of an “m” shaped heterodimer of the TLR1 and TLR2 ectodomains whereas binding of the di-acylated lipopeptide, Pam
2CSK
4, did not. The three lipid chains of Pam
3CSK
4 mediate the heterodimerization of the receptor; the two ester-bound lipid chains are inserted into a pocket in TLR2, while the amide-bound lipid chain is inserted into a hydrophobic channel in TLR1. An extensive hydrogen-bonding network, as well as hydrophobic interactions, between TLR1 and TLR2 further stabilize the heterodimer. We propose that formation of the TLR1-TLR2 heterodimer brings the intracellular TIR domains close to each other to promote dimerization and initiate signaling.
A DeepFake is a manipulated video made with generative deep learning technologies, such as generative adversarial networks or auto encoders that anyone can utilize. With the increase in DeepFakes, ...classifiers consisting of convolutional neural networks (CNN) that can distinguish them have been actively created. However, CNNs have a problem with overfitting and cannot consider the relation between local regions as global feature of image, resulting in misclassification. In this paper, we propose an efficient vision transformer model for DeepFake detection to extract both local and global features. We combine vector-concatenated CNN feature and patch-based positioning to interact with all positions to specify the artifact region. For the distillation token, the logit is trained using binary cross entropy through the sigmoid function. By adding this distillation, the proposed model is generalized to improve performance. From experiments, the proposed model outperforms the SOTA model by 0.006 AUC and 0.013 f1 score on the DFDC test dataset. For 2,500 fake videos, the proposed model correctly predicts 2,313 as fake, whereas the SOTA model predicts 2,276 in the best performance. With the ensemble method, the proposed model outperformed the SOTA model by 0.01 AUC. For Celeb-DF (v2) dataset, the proposed model achieves a high performance of 0.993 AUC and 0.978 f1 score, respectively.
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