This paper reports a systematic study on the device characteristics of neuromorphic transistors fabricated by using RF magnetron sputtered WO3 thin film as a channel layer upon atomically flat Si ...(100), Si (111) and glass substrates. The synaptic behaviour such as learning and forgetting, which are related to short term memory (STM) and memorizing, related to long term memory (LTM) have been demonstrated based on nanoionics phenomena. The conductance modulation using gate-voltage application conditions controls the synaptic behaviour. The switching period, time between learn and forget, has been optimized with gate voltage of within 3 V for the device fabricated on Si (100) substrate. A systematic investigation of substrate effect on the neuromorphic function of devices fabricated with different substrates reveals that the device fabricated on p-type Si(111) exhibits significantly shorter switching ratio, which makes a possibility to modify the device function by the choice of substrate.
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•The neuromorphic function is demonstrated with device fabricated using low-cost substrates.•The neuromorphic function demonstrated by conductivity switching is enhanced by three orders with three different substrates.•Significant enhancement in the learning forgetting behaviour of the device due to substrate effect.
Sm-doped CeO
2-
δ
(Ce
0.9
Sm
0.1
O
2-
δ
; SDC) thin films were prepared on Al
2
O
3
(0001) substrates by radio frequency magnetron sputtering. The prepared thin films were preferentially grown along ...the 111 direction, with the spacing of the (111) plane (
d
111
) expanded by 2.6% to compensate for a lattice mismatch against the substrate. The wet-annealed SDC thin film, with the reduced
d
111
value, exhibited surface protonic conduction in the low-temperature region below 100 °C. The O1
s
photoemission spectrum exhibits H
2
O and OH
−
peaks on the SDC surface. These results indicate the presence of physisorbed water layers and the generation of protons on the SDC (111) surface with oxygen vacancies. The protons generated on the SDC surface were conducted through a physisorbed water layer by the Grotthuss mechanism.
Micro-glass lenses for digital cameras and blue laser DVD pick-up devices are generally molded by using micro-aspheric ceramic molds made of tungsten carbides. These molds are finished by ...micro-polishing using loose abrasives after grinding. Improvement to the accuracy of the molds is necessary, and high numerical aperture (NA) optics with steep angles are required. In order to finish the molds of high NA, an ultrasonic two-axis vibration assisted polishing machine with piezo-electric actuators was proposed and developed. Some micro-aspheric molds made of binderless tungsten carbide were polished, and surface roughness of 8
nm Rz was obtained.
Aims : To characterize a series of colorectal polyps, focusing on the clinicopathological features of serrated adenoma (SA), mixed polyp (MP) and the recently recognized sessile serrated adenoma ...(SSA).
Methods and results : Eight hundred and ninety‐one conventional adenomas (AD), 298 hyperplastic polyps (HP), 27 SSA, 10 MP and 24 traditional SA were obtained from patients during colonoscopic examination. SSA were more likely to be proximally located than other polyps. All SA, MP and SSA and a randomly selected subset of HP (n = 61) and ADs (n = 93) were assessed for expression of mucin, MLH1, MGMT, and Ki67. SSA expressed more MUC5AC than either HP or SA. Loss of MLH1 was not observed in any serrated polyps and in only one AD. Loss of MGMT occurred in 13% of AD, and showed no correlation with histological type, size or location. Loss of MGMT occurred in 24% of SSA, MP and SA (combined), and was more frequent in proximal lesions and larger lesions. SSA had a higher proliferative index than HP. In MP, the proliferative index of the non‐dysplastic component was closer to HP than SSA, while the dysplastic component was intermediate between SA and AD.
Conclusions : SSA differ from other serrated polyps of colorectum in terms of location, morphology and immunophenotype.
Continuous monitoring of a cloud of antiprotons stored in a Penning trap for 405 days enables us to set an improved limit on the directly measured antiproton lifetime. From our measurements we ...extract a storage time of 3.15 × 10 8 equivalent antiproton-seconds, resulting in a lower lifetime limit of τ p ¯ > 10.2 a with a confidence level of 68 % . This result improves the limit on charge-parity-time violation in antiproton decays based on direct observation by a factor of 7.
All corals have a common structure: two tissue layers enclose a lumen, which forms the gastric cavity. Few studies have described the processes occurring inside the gastric cavity and its chemical ...and biological characteristics. Here, we show that the coral gastric cavity has distinct chemical characteristics with respect to dissolved O
2
, pH, alkalinity, and nutrients (vitamin B
12
, nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, and phosphate) and also harbors a distinct bacterial community. From these results, the gastric cavity can be described as a semi-closed sub-environment within the coral. Dissolved O
2
shows very low constant concentrations in the deepest parts of the cavity, creating a compartmentalized, anoxic environment. The pH is lower in the cavity than in the surrounding water and, like alkalinity, shows day/night variations different from those of the surrounding water. Nutrient concentrations in the cavity are greater than the concentrations found in reef waters, especially for phosphate and vitamin B
12
. The source of these nutrients may be internal production by symbiotic bacteria and/or the remineralization of organic matter ingested or produced by the corals. The importance of the bacteria inhabiting the gastric cavity is supported by the finding of a high bacterial abundance and a specific bacterial community with affiliation to bacteria found in other corals and in the guts of other organisms. The findings presented here open a new area of research that may help us to understand the processes that maintain coral health.
In the present study we observationally address the role of ionospheric conductivity in the solar wind‐magnetosphere coupling in terms of global field‐aligned currents (FACs). Solar EUV irradiance ...changes during a solar cycle and so does its contribution to the ionospheric conductivity. We statistically examine how, under fixed external conditions, the intensities of the R1 and R2 currents and their demarcation latitude depend on solar activity (F10.7). An emphasis is placed on nightside FACs in the dark hemisphere. The result shows that for fixed ranges of interplanetary electric field, the nightside FACs are more intense for higher solar activity irrespective of their polarities or local times. It is also found that the R1‐R2 pair, therefore the auroral oval, moves equatorward as the solar activity increases. For both current intensity and latitude, the dependence on F10.7 is more sensitive at smaller F10.7 and it levels off with increasing F10.7. The intensities of dayside FACs reveal similar F10.7 dependence as expected from the enhancement of the local ionospheric conductance. Interestingly, they also move equatorward with increasing F10.7. It is expected from force balance that as the dayside R1 current becomes more intense with increasing solar activity, the magnetosphere shrinks on the day side and expands on the night side. This configurational change of the magnetosphere presumably affects the energy transport from the solar wind to the magnetosphere, although its details still remain to be understood. We conclude that the ionospheric conductivity plays an active role in the solar wind‐magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling.
Key Points
Nightside R1 and R2 currents become more intense with increasing solar activity
The auroral oval moves equatorward as solar activity increases
The dayside conductivity affects the SW‐M‐I coupling through the R1 system.
We report on the detection of individual spin quantum transitions of a single trapped antiproton in a Penning trap. The spin-state determination, which is based on the unambiguous detection of axial ...frequency shifts in presence of a strong magnetic bottle, reaches a fidelity of 92.1%. Spin-state initialization with >99.9% fidelity and an average initialization time of 24 min are demonstrated. This is a major step towards an antiproton magnetic moment measurement with a relative uncertainty on the part-per-billion level.
Block‐copolymer nanoparticles with lamellar phase‐separation structures (see Figure) have been prepared by a slow‐precipitation process. Regular‐sized polymer nanoparticles are formed after ...evaporation of a good solvent from a polymer solution containing a non‐volatile poor solvent and a volatile good solvent.
B-flavor tagging at Belle II Akopov, N.; Banerjee, Sw; Bauer, M. ...
The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields,
04/2022, Letnik:
82, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
We report on new flavor tagging algorithms developed to determine the quark-flavor content of bottom (
) mesons at Belle II. The algorithms provide essential inputs for measurements of quark-flavor ...mixing and charge-parity violation. We validate and evaluate the performance of the algorithms using hadronic
decays with flavor-specific final states reconstructed in a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 62.8 fb
-
1
, collected at the
resonance with the Belle II detector at the SuperKEKB collider. We measure the total effective tagging efficiency to be
ε
eff
=
(
30.0
±
1.2
(
stat
)
±
0.4
(
syst
)
)
%
for a category-based algorithm and
ε
eff
=
(
28.8
±
1.2
(
stat
)
±
0.4
(
syst
)
)
%
for a deep-learning-based algorithm.
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