Experimental procedures involving farm animals are often associated with stress due to restraining. Stress can be reduced through use of positive reinforcement training, which then serves as ...refinement according to the 3Rs principles. Trainer skills, however, may influence the feasibility and success of animal training. The potential influence of trainer skills as well as the education of animal trainers are rarely described in literature but are necessary information for the implementation of positive reinforcement training as a refinement measure. To investigate the effect of educational programmes on animal trainers, we compared the training success of two groups of participants in training goats to elicit a behaviour that would allow simulated venipuncture. One group was educated in a two-day workshop while the other was provided with specific literature for self-instructed learning. Training success was evaluated using an assessment protocol developed for this study. A greater training success in the WORKSHOP GROUP, reflected by objective and subjective measures, was clearly supported statistically. In addition, 73 versus only 13% of the participants of the WORKSHOP GROUP and the self-instructed BOOK GROUP, respectively, stated that they could completely implement the knowledge gained in the course of this study. Our results indicate that more intensively educated trainers can train animals more successfully. In conclusion, if animal training is implemented as refinement, animal caretakers should receive instruction for positive reinforcement training.
Sixty-four mothers, half Hispanic and half white non-Hispanic were videotaped while at St. Joseph's Hospital in Phoenix, Arizona as they interacted with their infants. The infants were 5-72 hours ...old. In order to investigate differences in the quantity of interaction between Hispanics and white non-Hispanics and differences with the quality of assessment of their infants they were given these instructions: (a) The mothers were asked to freely interact with their infants for a period of 5 minutes. (b) They were also asked to answer the MABI questionnaire (Mother's Assessment of the Behavior of Her Infant). The tapes were later viewed and tallies were taken of the number of times that each mother was seen as performing a specific non-verbal behavior with her infant. The information on the assessment of their infants came from the responses that the mothers gave to the questions on the MABI. There were few significant differences between the two groups with regard to the non-verbal behavior shown between mother and child or the quality of assessment of their infants. However, the implications for further research as in mother/infant interaction between cultural groups conducted in the home versus the hospital setting has great potential.This potential is discussed as such differences relate to other variables of sociological and psychological importance.
Reviews of teaching/learning resources Allen, R. R.; Sorber, Edna C.; Cole, Carol A. ...
Speech Teacher,
19/9/1/, Letnik:
22, Številka:
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Book Review, Journal Article
Recenzirano
INDIAN ORATORY. By W. C. Vanderwerth. New York: Ballantine Books, 1972; pp. xviii+ 292. $1.65, paper.
I HAVE SPOKEN. By Virginia Armstrong. Chicago: Swallow Press, 1971; pp. xxii+206. $2.95, paper.
...TOUCH THE EARTH. By T. C. McLuhan. New York: Pocketbooks, 1971; pp. vi+185. $2.95, paper.
OF UTMOST GOOD FAITH. By Vine Deloria, Jr. New York: Bantam Books, 1971; pp. xii+ 402. $1.95, paper.
THE HISTORY OF THE FIVE INDIAN NATIONS. By Cadwallader Colden. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1958 (Original publication 1727) pp. xxi+181. $1.95, paper.
TO BE AN INDIAN. By Joseph H. Cash and Herbert T. Hoover. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc., 1971; pp. xii+239. $4.00, paper.
THE EYE HEARS, THE EAR SEES. By BBC-TV. Chicago: Distributed by International Film Bureau, 332 S. Michigan Ave., 1970; 59 minutes, sound, color. Purchase price $600.00; rental $45.00.
PREDICTION: A GAME OF HUNCHES AND INTUITION. By William I. Gorden and Richard J. Goodwin. Boston: Unitarian Universalist Association, 23 Beacon Street. $10.00.
COMMUNICATION AND THE TECHNICAL MAN. By Tom E. Wirkus and Harold P. Erickson. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1972; pp. xvi+237; $5.95, paper.
SPEECH COMMUNICATION: A MODERN APPROACH. By Ray E. Nadeau. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc., 1973; pp. ix+270. $5.60, $4.00 paper.
COMMUNICATION: THE STUDY OF HUMAN INTERACTION. By C. David Mortensen. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1972; pp. ix+430. $7.95.
INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNICATION THEORY AND PRACTICE. By Kenneth E. Andersen. Menlo Park, Calif.: Cummings Publishing Co., Inc., 1972; pp. vi+309. $6.95.
THE ART OF INTERPRETATION. By Wallace A. Bacon (second edition). New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, Inc., 1972; pp. xiii+514. $9.50.
COMMUNICATIVE READING. By Otis J. Aggertt and Elbert R. Bowen (third edition). New York: The Macmillan Company, 1972; pp. x+503. $8.95.
READERS THEATRE COMES TO CHURCH. By Gordon C. Bennett. Richmond, Virginia: Knox Press, 1972; pp. vii+128. $4.95.
SPEECH DISORDERS IN CHILDREN. By C. E. Renfrew. Foreword by Editor. New York: Pergamon Press, Inc., 1972; pp. ix+69. $4.75.
INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION: A READER; Edited by Larry A. Samovar and Richard E. Porter. Belmont, Calif.: Wads-worth Publishing Company, Inc., 1972; pp. vi +343. $5.50, paper.
SPEECH COMMUNICATION INSTRUCTION. By Deems M. Brooks. Foreword by Larry Barker. New York: David McKay Company, Inc., 1972; pp. x+367. $4.95, paper.
UNDERSTANDING ORAL COMMUNICATION. By Remo P. Fausti and Edward L. McGlone. Menlo Park, Calif.: Cummings Publishing Company, Inc., 1972; pp. v+216. $6.50.
ADVENTURES IN THE LOOKING-GLASS. By Sharon A. Ratliffe and Deldee M. Herman. Skokie, Ill.: National Textbook Co., 1972; pp. xvii+244. $6.00.
COMMUNICATING FOR RESULTS. By Thomas E. Anastasi, Jr. Menlo Park, Calif.: Cummings Publishing Company, Inc., 1972; pp. vi+191. $3.75, paper.
