Mental imagery refers to the representation of stimuli that are not physically present and has long been a subject of interest in psychology. However, most research on mental imagery has been limited ...to visual images, with other types of imagery, such as sound and smell, receiving little attention. A possible reason for this is the lack of appropriate scales to measure the vividness of multisensory imagery. The Plymouth Sensory Imagery Scale (Psi-Q) has been developed to address this issue and has been used in several studies to measure the vividness of seven imageries: vision, sound, smell, taste, touch, body, and feeling. In this study of 400 participants in Japan, the Psi-Q was translated into Japanese and tested for reliability and validity. The results showed good internal reliability and retest reliability and moderate to high correlations with other measures of construct validity, including mindfulness, Big Five, and life satisfaction. Additionally, there is no significant difference in total Psi-Q scores between the Japanese and British samples, although some differences are found in individual sensory imagery abilities. This study provides valuable insights into multisensory mental imagery, and it is expected that research dealing simultaneously with the responses of multisensory modalities will further accumulate.
ABSTRACT
Ambiguity tolerance is an individual trait indicating low aversion to ambiguity that is closely related to creativity. Appreciation and discussion of art are known to improve ambiguity ...tolerance, but the effects of appreciation and discussion have not been studied separately. In this study, we used haiku poetry with the characteristic of ambiguity to confirm the effect of appreciation by separating it from the discussion. Additionally, we conducted haiku creation to examine the effect of creation. To this end, 137 participants answered the ambiguity tolerance scale at five time points: before and after haiku appreciation and creation, and 1 week later. We also used the Multidimensional Attitude toward Ambiguity Scale, which organizes ambiguity tolerance into three subfactors. These subfactors are discomfort with ambiguity, absolutism, and the need for complexity and novelty, which correspond to the affective, cognitive, and epistemic aspects of ambiguity attitudes, respectively. The results showed that absolutism, which is the cognitive aspect of ambiguity tolerance, decreased after the appreciation and creation of haiku, and this effect persisted after 1 week. This result indicates that cognitive changes such as the acceptance of ambiguity can occur through the appreciation and creation of haiku, which require various interpretations and choices.
Individual traits and reactions to ambiguity differ and are conceptualized in terms of an individual's attitudes toward ambiguity or ambiguity tolerance. The development of natural language ...processing technology has made it possible to measure mental states and reactions through open-ended questions, rather than predefined numerical rating scales, which have traditionally been the dominant method in psychological research. This study presented three ambiguity-related situations and responses collected online from 591 participants in an open-ended format. After the analysis with bidirectional encoder representations from transformers, correlations were calculated using scores from the numerical evaluation by conventional questionnaire, and a significant moderate positive correlation was found. Therefore, this study found that attitudes toward ambiguity can be measured using an open-ended response method of reporting everyday life states. It is a novel methodology that can be expanded to other scales in psychology and can potentially be used in educational and clinical situations where participants can be asked to respond with minimal burden.
In the psychology of aesthetics, compared with appreciation, there are fewer studies on art creation. This study aims to examine the influence of art creation on appreciation using haiku poetry with ...reference to the Mirror Model—a process model combining creation and appreciation. Although the model has been primarily used to examine visual arts, we examine its applicability to linguistic arts. In addition, we use ink painting to examine whether a generalisation across artistic genres can occur. The 115 participants were divided into two conditions—creation and control. The former created haiku before and after appreciation, while the latter did not create any haiku. The results showed no improvement in evaluation through creation. Additionally, recognising the difficulty related to creation leads to aesthetic evaluation, and this relationship is mediated by awe. These results expand the existing information regarding the Mirror Model in terms of the different art genres.
ABSTRACT
Haiku is the world's shortest form of poetry, describing nature and ordinary everyday life. Previous studies and quotes from professional haiku poets suggest that haiku can foster ...self‐transcendent emotions, such as gratitude and awe. This study compares how those who did and did not create at least one haiku in the past month experience self‐transcendent emotions. A total of 192 haiku writers and 177 non‐writers responded to scales related to self‐transcendent emotions, such as gratitude for serenity, gratitude trait, and trait awe. The results of the Bayesian implementation of Generalized Linear Mixed models revealed that haiku writing increased the frequency of gratitude for serenity and awe, rather than general gratitude. These effects persisted even after controlling for interest in art and educational level, indicating that haiku writing has unique characteristics, including encouragement of attention to nature and a different perspective on daily life. Even in the absence of special events, a change in perspective toward everyday life occurs through creating haiku, and people appreciate and feel awe toward ordinary, everyday things. These novel findings contribute to the study of creativity and emotion.
In this study, ambiguity was classified into cognitive and emotional ambiguity, and their effects on the aesthetic evaluation of haiku were examined for native Japanese and German speakers. Because ...haiku is the shortest form of poetry in the world, it usually contains ambiguity and makes cultural comparison easier. Overall, 450 Japanese and 373 German speakers participated in an online experiment involving the evaluation of haiku poetry. They were also asked to fill out questionnaires based on personality traits. Then, participants were asked to rate a haiku based on 10 characteristics, including the degree to which they perceived beauty, cognitive ambiguity, awe, and nostalgia. Results showed that as cognitive ambiguity increased, the aesthetic evaluation of haiku decreased. This tendency was greater among German than among Japanese speakers; this can be explained by the differences in high- and low-context societies. Regarding emotional ambiguity, this study focused on the higher-order emotions of awe and nostalgia, which encompass both positive and negative emotions. It was found that the greater the participants felt these emotions, the higher was their aesthetic evaluation of haiku. This tendency was greater among German than Japanese speakers; this may be because Westerners tend to perceive awe and nostalgia highly positively. Ambiguity, also known as “the beauty of silence,” is one of the characteristics of haiku and was found to be an important factor in aesthetic evaluation; however, this relationship was also influenced by cultural differences. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)
With the development of technology, the quality of AI-generated text has improved. This is relevant in the AI art field, where AI generates literature or poetry that is appreciated. This study ...compared human-made and AI-generated haiku poetry, which is composed with 17 syllables and the world's shortest and clearest rules, to examine aesthetic evaluations of AI art and people's beliefs about it. AI-generated haiku were divided into those with and without human intervention. Two tasks were completed by 385 participants. The first involved evaluating human-made and AI-generated haiku on 21 items, such as beauty. The second involved determining whether the haiku were human-made or AI-generated. The results showed that the beauty rating of the AI-generated haiku with the human intervention was the highest, and those of the human-made and AI-generated haiku without human intervention were equal. Furthermore, participants could not distinguish between human-made and AI-generated haiku. These results suggest that human–AI collaboration has better creativity in haiku production. Moreover, a negative correlation was found between discrimination performance and beauty rating in AI-generated haiku, suggesting that high-quality AI-generated work is believed to be human-made. This study indicates the potential of human–AI collaboration in haiku and the underestimation of AI art due to algorithm aversion.
•Human-made and AI-generated poetry were examined using haiku poetry.•The beauty rating of the AI-generated haiku with human intervention was the highest.•Participants could not distinguish between human-made and AI-generated haiku.•AI-generated haiku showed a negative correlation between beauty score and hit rate.•State and trait factors that explain the beauty and accuracy of author distinction were examined.
The factors influencing poetry’s aesthetic appreciation are largely unknown. Some studies have reported features that affect the aesthetic appreciation of poetry. This study sought to determine which ...states and traits predict the aesthetic appeal of haiku poetry. We recruited 277 participants to rate 36 haiku on five characteristics: imagery vividness, stimulus valence, arousal, valence of felt emotion, and aesthetic appeal of haiku. Then, participants completed questionnaires that assessed their own traits. We found both valence of felt emotion and imagery vividness generally predicted haiku’s aesthetic appeal; additionally, the influence of imagery vividness on aesthetic appeal was partially mediated by valence of felt emotion. As mental imagery fosters emotional evocation, vivid imagery increases positive felt emotions associated with aesthetic appeal. Furthermore, the traits of visual imagery ability, awe-proneness, and nostalgia-proneness predicted haiku’s aesthetic appeal. This study advances our knowledge of how individual states and traits determine the aesthetic appeal of haiku.
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