A paper by Treussart and co-workers in this issue demonstrates the application of photoluminescent nanodiamonds for intracellular labeling as well as mechanistic cellular uptake studies. Findings ...from this paper reveal that optimal photoluminescence of nitrogen-vacancy color centers can be attained with photostability and no photoblinking, enabling continuous tracking in the cytoplasm over sustained time scales. In addition to the fluorescent properties of the nanodiamonds, internalization assays reveal a primarily endocytic uptake process. A high degree of nanodiamond (∼46 nm in diameter) and endosome colocalization as well as cytoplasmic presence of smaller nanodiamonds was observed. Several attributes of the nanodiamond particles are elucidated in this and other recent studies, ranging from their stability as imaging agents to their potential as intracellular molecular delivery vehicles. These findings give insight into the use of nanodiamonds as an emerging platform for therapeutic and diagnostic (“theranostic”) nanomedicine, forging new foundations and criteria for continued nanodiamond engineering toward downstream clinical relevance and impact.
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), the virus that led to the COVID‐19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) pandemic, has resulted in substantial overburdening of ...healthcare systems as well as an economic crisis on a global scale. This has in turn resulted in widespread efforts to identify suitable therapies to address this aggressive pathogen. Therapeutic antibody and vaccine development are being actively explored, and a phase I clinical trial of mRNA‐1273 which is developed in collaboration between the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and Moderna, Inc. is currently underway. Timelines for the broad deployment of a vaccine and antibody therapies have been estimated to be 12–18 months or longer. These are promising approaches that may lead to sustained efficacy in treating COVID‐19. However, its emergence has also led to a large number of clinical trials evaluating drug combinations composed of repurposed therapies. As study results of these combinations continue to be evaluated, there is a need to move beyond traditional drug screening and repurposing by harnessing artificial intelligence (AI) to optimize combination therapy design. This may lead to the rapid identification of regimens that mediate unexpected and markedly enhanced treatment outcomes.
Multiple strategies are being explored to address severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), the virus that causes COVID‐19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019). These include the development of vaccines, antibodies, and combination therapies. Amidst the many clinical trials underway to validate these approaches, artificial intelligence may serve as a foundation for systematically optimized drug development that can markedly enhance treatment outcomes.
Nanodiamonds have excellent mechanical and optical properties, high surface areas and tunable surface structures. They are also non-toxic, which makes them well suited to biomedical applications. ...Here we review the synthesis, structure, properties, surface chemistry and phase transformations of individual nanodiamonds and clusters of nanodiamonds. In particular we discuss the rational control of the mechanical, chemical, electronic and optical properties of nanodiamonds through surface doping, interior doping and the introduction of functional groups. These little gems have a wide range of potential applications in tribology, drug delivery, bioimaging and tissue engineering, and also as protein mimics and a filler material for nanocomposites.
Nanodiamond materials can serve as highly versatile platforms for the controlled functionalization and delivery of a wide spectrum of therapeutic elements. In this work, doxorubicin hydrochloride ...(DOX), an apoptosis-inducing drug widely used in chemotherapy, was successfully applied toward the functionalization of nanodiamond materials (NDs, 2−8 nm) and introduced toward murine macrophages as well as human colorectal carcinoma cells with preserved efficacy. The adsorption of DOX onto the NDs and its reversible release were achieved by regulating Cl- ion concentration, and the NDs were found to be able to efficiently ferry the drug inside living cells. Comprehensive bioassays were performed to assess and confirm the innate biocompatibility of the NDs, via real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and electrophoretic DNA fragmentation as well as MTT analysis confirmed the functional apoptosis-inducing mechanisms driven by the DOX-functionalized NDs. We extended the applicability of the DOX−ND composites toward a translational context, where MTT assays were performed on the HT-29 colon cancer cell line to assess DOX−ND induced cell death and ND-mediated chemotherapeutic sequestering for potential slow/sustained released capabilities. These and other medically relevant capabilities enabled by the NDs forge its strong potential as a therapeutically significant nanomaterial.
Artificial intelligence in cancer therapy Ho, Dean
Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science),
02/2020, Letnik:
367, Številka:
6481
Journal Article
Nanomaterials have the potential to improve how patients are clinically treated and diagnosed. While there are a number of nanomaterials that can be used toward improved drug delivery and imaging, ...how these nanomaterials confer an advantage over other nanomaterials, as well as current clinical approaches is often application or disease specific. How the unique properties of carbon nanomaterials, such as nanodiamonds, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, graphene, and graphene oxides, make them promising nanomaterials for a wide range of clinical applications are discussed herein, including treating chemoresistant cancer, enhancing magnetic resonance imaging, and improving tissue regeneration and stem cell banking, among others. Additionally, the strategies for further improving drug delivery and imaging by carbon nanomaterials are reviewed, such as inducing endothelial leakiness as well as applying artificial intelligence toward designing optimal nanoparticle‐based drug combination delivery. While the clinical application of carbon nanomaterials is still an emerging field of research, there is substantial preclinical evidence of the translational potential of carbon nanomaterials. Early clinically trial studies are highlighted, further supporting the use of carbon nanomaterials in clinical applications for both drug delivery and imaging.
Biomedical application of carbon nanomaterials as well as the potential clinical implementation of carbon nanomaterials includes enhanced drug delivery, improved sensitivity of clinical diagnostic tools and imaging drugs, as well as more effective regenerative medical platforms.
Multimodal nanodiamonds (NDs) were prepared by attaching fluorescently labeled drug‐oligonucleotide conjugates and monoclonal antibodies onto the ND surface. Fluorescently labeled oligonucleotide ...linkers enabled the intracellular observation and quantification of resultant ND conjugates. The covalent attachment of the chemotherapeutic and targeting moiety to the ND surface significantly enhanced cellular internalization and therapeutic activity
Due to their size and tailorable physicochemical properties, nanomaterials are an emerging class of structures utilized in biomedical applications. There are now many prominent examples of ...nanomaterials being used to improve human health, in areas ranging from imaging and diagnostics to therapeutics and regenerative medicine. An overview of these examples reveals several common areas of synergy and future challenges. This Nano Focus discusses the current status and future potential of promising nanomaterials and their translation from the laboratory to the clinic, by highlighting a handful of successful examples.
Deep learning identified dihydroartemisinin (DHA) as a promising candidate for treating osteoporosis, which is increasing in global prevalence due to aging populations.
Gene therapy holds great promise for treating diseases ranging from inherited disorders to acquired conditions and cancers. Nonetheless, because a method of gene delivery that is both effective and ...safe has remained elusive, these successes were limited. Functional nanodiamonds (NDs) are rapidly emerging as promising carriers for next-generation therapeutics with demonstrated potential. Here we introduce NDs as vectors for in vitro gene delivery via surface-immobilization with 800 Da polyethyleneimine (PEI800) and covalent conjugation with amine groups. We designed PEI800-modified NDs exhibiting the high transfection efficiency of high molecular weight PEI (PEI25K), but without the high cytotoxicity inherent to PEI25K. Additionally, we demonstrated that the enhanced delivery properties were exclusively mediated by the hybrid ND−PEI800 material and not exhibited by any of the materials alone. This platform approach represents an efficient avenue toward gene delivery via DNA-functionalized NDs, and serves as a rapid, scalable, and broadly applicable gene therapy strategy.
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