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Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) as well as a major contributor to all-cause mortality and disability worldwide. The pathophysiology of ...hypertension is highly attributed to a dysfunctional endothelium and vascular remodeling. Despite the wide use of pharmacological therapies that modulate these pathways, a large percentage of patients continue to have uncontrolled hypertension, and the use of non-pharmacological interventions is increasingly investigated. Among these, caloric restriction (CR) appears to be a promising nutritional intervention for the management of hypertension. However, the mechanisms behind this effect are not yet fully understood, although an evolving view supports a significant impact of CR on vascular structure and function, specifically at the level of vascular endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells along with their extracellular matrix (ECM). Accumulating evidence suggests that CR promotes endothelium-dependent vasodilation through activating eNOS and increasing nitric oxide (NO) levels through multiple cascades involving modulation of oxidative stress, autophagy, and inflammation. Indeed, CR diminishes phenotypic shift, and suppresses proliferation and migration of VSMCs via pathways involving NO and mTOR. By regulating transforming growth factor-β and matrix metalloproteinases, CR appears to reduce ECM and collagen deposition in vascular walls. Here, we offer a detailed discussion of how these mechanisms contribute to CR’s influence on reducing blood pressure. Such mechanisms could then provide a valuable foundation on which to base new therapeutic interventions for hypertension.
PTSD in the COVID-19 Era Chamaa, Farah; Bahmad, Hisham F; Darwish, Batoul ...
Current neuropharmacology,
01/2021, Letnik:
19, Številka:
12
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Background: In December 2019, Wuhan City in Hubei Province, China witnessed an outbreak of a novel type of coronavirus (COVID-19), named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). ...The sharp rise in the number of infected cases and the surge spike in fatalities worldwide prompted the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare this rapid outbreak a global pandemic in March 2020. The economic, health, and social ramifications of COVID-19 induced fear and anxiety all over the world.
Objective: The purpose of this review is to discuss how precautionary measures and restrictions imposed by governments, such as quarantines, lockdowns, and social distancing, have not only caused economic losses, but also a rise in mental health problems specifically post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Methods: A deep comprehensive review of the relevant literature regarding the pandemic and its debilitating consequences on the psychological status of the public was performed.
Results: This review illustrates that the pandemic had a traumatic impact on the psychological functioning of the public, particularly COVID-19 survivors, older adults, and healthcare workers, due to difficulties in coping with new realities and uncertainties.
Conclusion: In this review, we have discussed the psychological implications of this pandemic and we have provided an extensive background for understanding options regarding PTSD management in healthy individuals and those with preexisting conditions.
PTSD in the COVID-19 Era Farah Chamaa; Hisham F. Bahmad; Batoul Darwish ...
Current neuropharmacology,
2021, Letnik:
19, Številka:
12
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Background: In December 2019, Wuhan City in Hubei Province, China witnessed anoutbreak of a novel type of coronavirus (COVID-19), named severe acute respiratory syndromecoronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). ...The sharp rise in the number of infected cases and the surge spike infatalities worldwide prompted the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare this rapid outbreaka global pandemic in March 2020. The economic, health, and social ramifications of COVID-19 inducedfear and anxiety all over the world. Objective: The purpose of this review is to discuss how precautionary measures and restrictions imposedby governments, such as quarantines, lockdowns, and social distancing, have not only causedeconomic losses, but also a rise in mental health problems specifically post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD). Methods: A deep comprehensive review of the relevant literature regarding the pandemic and itsdebilitating consequences on the psychological status of the public was performed. Results: This review illustrates that the pandemic had a traumatic impact on the psychological functioningof the public, particularly COVID-19 survivors, older adults, and healthcare workers, due todifficulties in coping with new realities and uncertainties. Conclusion: In this review, we have discussed the psychological implications of this pandemic andwe have provided an extensive background for understanding options regarding PTSD managementin healthy individuals and those with preexisting conditions.
