In order to achieve its ultra-low vertical emittance (1 pm) and high luminosity (of up to
230
×
10
34
cm
−
2
s
−
1
per collision point), the e
+
e
−
Future Circular Collider (FCC-ee) requires a ...well-informed alignment strategy, powerful correction methods, and good understanding of the impact of vibrations. The large ring size, high natural chromaticity, small
β
∗
, and the low coupling ratio make the FCC-ee design susceptible to misalignment and field errors, which if not properly addressed, threaten to increase the horizontal and vertical emittances and adversely affect the luminosity. Tight alignment tolerances around the 100 km ring would be a major cost driver and therefore alignment and stability need to be carefully studied. In this paper we present a status update, in which we apply analytical estimate methods, verified with simulation data, to determine the influence of the alignment of specific magnet types with the result informing the relative alignment tolerances. This is followed by simulations of a correction strategy that includes a large set of magnet misalignments and field errors. Finally, we also consider the tolerances on vibrations of quadrupoles through evaluating three cases: coherent vibration due to external seismic motion, vibrations resonant with the betatron frequency, and non-resonant, incoherent vibration.
The paper gives an overview of the particle dynamics in synchrotrons and storage rings. Both, transverse as well as the longitudinal plane are described in linear approximation. The main emphasis is ...to give an introduction into the basic concepts and to allow the reader to deduce the main parameters of the machine, based on some simple scaling laws.
These proceedings are of interest to staff and students in accelerator laboratories, university departments and companies working in or having an interest in the field of new acceleration techniques. ...Following introductory lectures on plasma and laser physics, the course covers the different components of a plasma wake accelerator and plasma beam systems. Topical seminars and an overview about alternative new techniques like dielectric accelerators are included. Lectures on the experimental studies and their latest results, on diagnostic tools and state of the art wake acceleration facilities, both present and planned, complement the theoretical part.
The paper gives a short overview of the principles of particle accelerators, their historical development and the typical performance limitations. After an introduction to the basic concepts, the ...main emphasis is to sketch the layout of modern storage rings and their limitations in energy and machine performance. Examples of existing machines - among them clearly the LHC at CERN - demonstrate the basic principles and the technical and physical limits that we face today in the design and operation of these particle colliders. Pushing for ever higher beam energies motivates the design of the future collider studies and beyond that, the development of more efficient acceleration techniques.
An Energy Recovery Linac for the LHeC Bogacz, S Alex; Holzer, Bernhard J; Osborne, John A
arXiv (Cornell University),
06/2022
Paper, Journal Article
Odprti dostop
The LHeC provides an intense, high energy electron beam to collide with the LHC. It represents the highest energy application of energy recovery linac (ERL) technology which is increasingly ...recognized as one of the major pilot technologies for the development of particle physics because it utilizes and stimulates superconducting RF technology progress, and it increases intensity while keeping the power consumption low. The LHeC instantaneous luminosity is determined through the integrated luminosity goal. The electron beam energy is chosen to achieve TeV cms collision energy and enable competitive searches and precision Higgs boson measurements. The wall-plug power has been constrained to 100 MW. Two super-conducting linacs of about 900 m length, which are placed opposite to each other, accelerate the passing electrons by 8.3 GeV each. This leads to a final electron beam energy of about 50 GeV in a 3-turn racetrack energy recovery linac configuration.
The goal of this manuscript is to give an introduction into the design of the magnet lattice and as a consequence into the transverse dynamics of the particles in a synchrotron or storage ring. ...Starting from the basic principles of how to design the geometry of the ring we will briefly review the transverse motion of the particles and apply this knowledge to study the layout and optimization of the principal elements, namely the lattice cells. The detailed arrangement of the accelerator magnets within the cells is explained and will be used to calculate well defined and predictable beam parameters. The more specific treatment of low beta insertions is included as well as the concept of dispersion suppressors that are an indispensable part of modern collider rings.
Energy-recovery linacs (ERLs) have been emphasised by the recent (2020) update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics as one of the most promising technologies for the accelerator base of ...future high-energy physics. The current paper has been written as a base document to support and specify details of the recently published European roadmap for the development of energy-recovery linacs. The paper summarises the previous achievements on ERLs and the status of the field and its basic technology items. The main possible future contributions and applications of ERLs to particle and nuclear physics as well as industrial developments are presented. The paper includes a vision for the further future, beyond 2030, as well as a comparative data base for the main existing and forthcoming ERL facilities. A series of continuous innovations, such as on intense electron sources or high-quality superconducting cavity technology, will massively contribute to the development of accelerator physics at large. Industrial applications are potentially revolutionary and may carry the development of ERLs much further, establishing another shining example of the impact of particle physics on society and its technical foundation with a special view on sustaining nature.
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