Following the general approach to pilgrimage as established by anthropologists and other scientists, the paper analyses the pilgrimage in Nin to Our Lady of Zečevo. More specifically, this pilgrimage ...will be observed as a maritime pilgrimage, following relevant recent research. Based on the oral story about the apparition of Virgin Mary to a widow, the statue of Mary is transported from Nin in a boat procession via sea to a mediaeval church on the nearby uninhabited island of Zečevo. Pilgrimage practices include many sensorial and symbolic practices, so it will be analysed from several points of view and more than one theoretical approach, including the relational approach and mobility turn, applied also to maritime pilgrimage with a reflection on influence of tourism on pilgrimage activities, especially in the Mediterranean. The paper relies on the field research from 2020–2023 in Nin near Zadar in Croatia which has been supported in part by the Croatian Science Foundation under the project ‘PILGRIMAR’ (UIP-2019-04-8226).
By questioning the anthropological definition of vows as instrumental prayers, which has been generally accepted since William Christian (1989) introduced it, the paper will discuss the notion of a ...vow as a personal prayer in the effort to expand it beyond the mere request for a miracle or fulfilment of a pilgrim’s or believer’s wish. The votive prayer is mentioned already in the Bible (Deut. 23) as a somewhat problematic way of communicating with God due to a promise it contains. Based on the Amir Mashiach’s (2014) interpretation of prayers as performative utterances in the Jewish tradition and Radoslav Katicic's (1990) linguistic research of the (pre)Slavic and Indo-European connection between legal and religious texts, the analysis will give an insight into the ancient mechanisms behind the practice of vowing, which has been continued as a part of personal piety in different religions. From this viewpoint, some of the reasons why vows have been inextricably related to sacred places and pilgrimage will be shown. The interpretation will in part lean on specific issues as opened by the researchers in the field of the Anthropology of Pilgrimage (among others, Badone, 1990; Coleman and Eade, 2004; Eade and Sallnow, 1991; Hermkens, Jansen and Nottermans, 2012), as well as on some of the historical changes of this practice (Andric, 1999; Cartledge, 1992; Hahn, 2007; Hyman, 2009). The examples used in the paper have been gathered from archival materials, and open and semi-structured interviews.
In this paper I will explain some of the processes behind the making of the lists of the so called “intangible cultural heritage” (ICH), both on the national (the Registry of Cultural Goods of the ...Republic of Croatia) and the international level (UNESCO’s ICH lists). The analysis is based on the situations that led to the inscriptions into which I have some insight as an insider, as well as on the texts about ICH elements written for the needs of inscription in which some of the issues of ICH policy are reflected. Touching upon some of the issues that I had to face as an ethnologist/cultural anthropologist working on the inscription of ICH elements into the Registry and nominations for inscriptions on the UNESCO’s lists, I will try to explain the complexity of the position of an expert in a state body trying to reconcile the demands of politics, science and the “bearers” of the listed heritage.
U radu se donosi pregled dosadašnjih aktivnosti na valorizaciji i zaštiti elemenata tradicijskoga ribarstva na hrvatskom Jadranu s općenitim preporukama o njegovom daljnjem očuvanju. Razmatraju se ...sve tri kategorije kulturne baštine: nepokretna, pokretna i nematerijalna kulturna dobra. Radom se želi doprinijeti holističkom pristupu zaštiti kulturne baštine te potaknuti na promišljanje o budućim projektima s ciljem primjerene prezentacije, daljnjega istraživanja i (re)valorizacije tradicijskoga ribarstva na hrvatskom Jadranu.
The paper provides an overview of the current activities on the valorization and protection of elements of traditional fishing in the Adriatic Sea with general recommendations on its further ...preservation. All three categories of cultural heritage are included: immovable and movable cultural property, and intangible cultural heritage. The objective of the paper is to contribute to a holistic approach to the protection of cultural heritage and to encourage reflection on future projects with the aim of appropriate presentation, further research and (re)valuation of traditional fishing in the Adriatic Sea.
Praksa upisivanja tradicijskih vrednota u Registar kulturnih dobara Republike Hrvatske započela je početkom ovog stoljeća. Niz različitih okolnosti, među ostalim UNESCO-ovo definiranje nematerijalne ...kulturne baštine, osnivanje Povjerenstva za nematerijalnu kulturnu baštinu i Odsjeka za nematerijalna kulturna dobra Ministarstva kulture, pridonijele su procesu evaluacije nematerijalnih kulturnih dobara u Hrvatskoj. Tako je do kraja 2013. godine upisano 137 nematerijalnih kulturnih dobara u Registar, od kojih je 14 upisano na dva UNESCO-ova popisa nematerijalne baštine svijeta. To je rezultat suradnje Ministarstva kulture sa stručnjacima, uglavnom etnolozima i kulturnim antropolozima, iz različitih znanstvenih i stručnih institucija. Iako je popisivanje nematerijalne baštine pomoglo općenitom podizanju svijesti o vrijednosti tradicijske kulture i mogućnostima njenog održanja u suvremenom načinu života, javila se i zabrinutost zbog pojave negativnih utjecaja vezanih uz baštinu, kao i zabrinutost oko problema pristupa etnologa pri očuvanju tih pojavnosti. Rad se dotiče nekih od tih problema te djelomice opisuje procese upisivanja nematerijalne baštine na razne popise.
The author advocates the use of the phrase “intangible culture” instead of “intangible cultural heritage”. The word “heritage” implies a certain fixity and immutability, and assumes that authorities ...have identified and proclaimed heritage. Dealing with intangible culture would provide the opportunity for the deflection of the UNESCO model of preserving intangible cultural phenomena, whose application has brought some problems. The author illustrates this in practice with the example of bell-ringers, who are included on the UNESCO Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.
Autorica se zalaže za uporabu sintagme "nematerijalna kulturna baština". Riječ "baština" podrazumijeva određenu fiksnost i nepromjenjivost te pretpostavlja da su određeni autoriteti prepoznali i ...imenovali baštinu. Fokus na nematerijalnu kulturu pružio bi i šansu za otklon od UNECSO-ovog modela očuvanja nematerijalnih kulturnih fenomena, čija primjena donosi i određene probleme. Kako se oni iskazuju u praksi autorica je ilustrirala primjerom zvončara koji su uvršteni na UNESCO-ovu Reprezentativnu listu nematerijalne kulturne baštine čovječanstva.
Fokus na nematerijalnu kulturu pruzio bi i sansu za otklon od UNESCOovog modela ocuvanja nematerijalnih kulturnih fenomena, cija primjena donosi i odreðene probleme. Za razliku od bastinskog okvira, ...koji je prvenstveno fokusiran na reprodukciju, vise pozornosti bi se posvetilo procesima, takoðer i onima koju nastaju upravo sada. Generalni direktor UNESCO-a je vec dvije godine ranije obznanio Proklamaciju o iznimnim ostvarenjima usmene i nematerijalne bastine covjecanstva (The Proclamation of Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity), koja je svake dvije godine ukljucivala nova kulturna dobra na svoju listu. Rijec je o jednom od paradoksa te paradigme, jer ukoliko je odreðeni fenomen vitalan, onda i ne treba ocuvanje; ukoliko je, pak, gotovo mrtav, onda mu ocuvanje nece pomoci, a nije niti od interesa za navedeni pristup (Nikocevic 2003:62). No, ministar kulture bio je prilicno nestrpljiv i zelio je da nas rad sto prije rezultira konkretnim prijedlozima za Reprezentativnu listu UNESCO- a. Zvoncari, kao jedan od prijedloga, bili su dijelom njegovog prvog nacrta od sesnaest kulturnih dobara, za koje smo, svaki za svoju temu (ili vise njih), pripremali vizualni i tekstualni materijal. S jedne strane, tesko je bilo odbiti pripremanje materijala o zvoncarima za nominaciju, ne samo zato sto bih ministru kulture odbila uciniti ono sto je od mene ocekivao, s obzirom na to da sam bila dijelom Povjerenstva, vec i stoga sto sam se pitala sto bi (mi) zvoncari rekli da sam to pokusala izbjeci, nakon sto su voðe zvoncarskih skupina potpisali da pristaju na nominaciju.
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