Machine tools may be affected by room temperature, the heat generated by the process, and many other factors. These cause the temperature of the spindle, motor, lead screw, and other parts to rise, ...and this causes thermal deformation. The main purpose of this study was an exploration of the relationship between the temperature of the spindle and thermal deformation. Measurements were made of the increases in temperature of a CNC lathe spindle, and the related axial displacements involved, at spindle speeds of 1000, 2000, and 3000 rpm. Multiple regression analysis and a general regression neural network were used to establish the relationship between thermal deformation and temperature change individually. The results showed the coefficient of determination of the multiple regression analysis to be 0.9275, while the general regression determined by the neural network was 1. The fitting result of the regression neural network was better than that of multiple regression analysis, and the maximum error was less than 0.1 μm. In addition, this study also used COMSOL simulation analysis software to analyze features of the thermal behavior generated by the spindle structure. A trial and error method was used to adjust the boundary conditions. Results showed that the maximum error in temperature rise determination of simulation and experiment was less than 1 °C.
The benefits of surgical resection (SR) for various Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stages of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unclear. We investigated the risk factors of overall survival ...(OS) and survival benefits of SR over nonsurgical treatments in patients with HCC of various BCLC stages.
Overall, 2316 HCC patients were included, and their clinicopathological data and OS were recorded. OS was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analysis. Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was performed.
In total, 66 (2.8%), 865 (37.4%), 575 (24.8%) and 870 (35.0%) patients had BCLC stage 0, A, B, and C disease, respectively. Furthermore, 1302 (56.2%) of all patients, and 37 (56.9%), 472 (54.6%), 313 (54.4%) and 480 (59.3%) of patients with BCLC stage 0, A, B, and C disease, respectively, died. The median follow-up duration time was 20 (range 0-96) months for the total cohort and was subdivided into 52 (8-96), 32 (1-96), 19 (0-84), and 12 (0-79) months for BCLC stages 0, A, B, and C cohorts, respectively. The risk factors for OS were (1) SR and cirrhosis; (2) SR, cirrhosis, and Child-Pugh (C-P) class; (3) SR, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, and C-P class; and (4) SR, HBV infection, and C-P class for the BCLC stage 0, A, B, and C cohorts, respectively. Compared to non-SR treatment, SR resulted in significantly higher survival rates in all cohorts. The 5-year OS rates for SR vs. non-SR were 44.0% versus 28.7%, 72.2% versus 42.6%, 42.6% versus 36.2, 44.6% versus 23.5%, and 41.4% versus 15.3% (all P values < 0.05) in the total and BCLC stage 0, A, B, and C cohorts, respectively. After PSM, SR resulted in significantly higher survival rates compared to non-SR treatment in various BCLC stages.
SR conferred significant survival benefits to patients with HCC of various BCLC stages and should be considered a recommended treatment for select HCC patients, especially patients with BCLC stage B and C disease.
Background Autophagy-related proteins may predict postresection overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with combined hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma ...(cHCC-CC). Methods We prospectively investigated how these proteins affect clinical prognosis in 40 patients who underwent hepatectomy for cHCC-CC from 2011 to 2019 at a Taiwanese hospital. Levels of autophagy-related proteins, namely LC3, Beclin-1, and p62, were immunohistochemically assessed in patient tumor and non-tumor tissues. Results We noted that LC3 expression was significantly correlated with mild clinicopathological characteristics, including macrovascular invasion, lymph node metastasis, American Joint Committee on Cancer and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stages, recurrence, and mortality. Ten patient showed tumor recurrence, and 15 patients died. Postresection 5-year OS and DFS rates were 43.7 and 57.4%, respectively. Cox regression analysis showed that high intratumoral LC3 expression was significantly associated with improved OS hazard ratio (HR; 95% confidence interval (CI)): (1.68-26.9), p = 0.007, but multiple tumors and microvascular invasion was significantly correlated with poor OS HR (95% CI): 0.03 (0.01-0.34), p = 0.004, and 0.07 (0.01-0.46), p = 0.006, respectively. Furthermore, high LC3 expression and cirrhosis had improved DFS HR (95% CI): 51.3 (2.85-922), p = 0.008, and 17.9 (1.05-306), p = 0.046, respectively. The 5-year OS and DFS rates were respectively 61.2 and 74.6% in high LC3 expression patients and 0 and 0% in those with low LC3 expression. Conclusion High LC3 expression in tumors is significantly associated with mild clinicopathological characteristics and favorable clinical prognosis in patients with cHCC-CC after resection. Keywords: Combined hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma, Autophagy, LC3, Prognosis, Predictive factors
Patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage B hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are recommended to undergo transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). However, TACE in combination with ...radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is not inferior to surgical resection (SR), and the benefits of surgical resection (SR) for BCLC stage B HCC remain unclear. Hence, this study aims to compare the impact of SR, TACE+RFA, and TACE on analyzing overall survival (OS) in BCLC stage B HCC.
Overall, 428 HCC patients were included in BCLC stage B, and their clinical data and OS were recorded. OS was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analysis.
One hundred forty (32.7%) patients received SR, 57 (13.3%) received TACE+RFA, and 231 (53.9%) received TACE. The OS was significantly higher in the SR group than that in the TACE+RFA group hazard ratio (HR): 1.78; 95% confidence incidence (CI): 1.15-2.75, p = 0.009. The OS was significantly higher in the SR group than that in the TACE group (HR: 3.17; 95% CI: 2.31-4.36, p < 0.0001). Moreover, the OS was significantly higher in the TACE+RFA group than that in the TACE group (HR: 1.82; 95% CI: 1.21-2.74, p = 0.004). The cumulative OS rates at 1, 3 and 5 years in the SR, TACE+RFA, and TACE groups were 89.2, 69.4 and 61.2%, 86.0, 57.9 and 38.2%, and 69.5, 37.0 and 15.2%, respectively. After propensity score matching, the SR group still had a higher OS than those of the TACE+RFA and TACE groups. The TACE+RFA group had a higher OS than that of the TACE group.
The SR group had higher OS than the TACE+RFA and TACE groups in BCLC stage B HCC. Furthermore, the TACE+RFA group had higher OS than the TACE group.
The internal electro-hydraulic servo system of a hydraulic press is affected by the non-linear friction, and it becomes non-linear, unstable under vibration. In this study, the dynamic behavior and ...control of such a system were investigated. A mathematical model was first built and then proportional-integral-derivative control and sliding mode control were applied. Particle swarm optimization was used to find the optimal gain values and proportional-integral-derivative control parameters to control and stabilize the system. Sliding mode control was used for interactive comparison to demonstrate that the controller could avert chaos and restore stable periodic motion. A circuit was designed and assembled for the experimental confirmation of the results. The results showed that control of nonlinear behavior was better with sliding mode control than proportional-integral-derivative. This study can serve as a reference for the further investigation of hydraulic press electro-hydraulic servo systems.
Combined hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CC) is an infrequent type of primary liver cancer that comprises hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CC). This study ...investigated the clinicopathological features and prognosis among cHCC-CC, HCC, and CC groups.
We prospectively collected the data of 608 patients who underwent surgical resection for liver cancer between 2011 and 2018 at E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Overall, 505 patients with cHCC-CC, HCC, and CC were included, and their clinicopathological features, overall survival (OS), and recurrence were recorded. OS and recurrence rates were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier analysis.
In the entire cohort, the median age was 61 years and 80% were men. Thirty-five (7.0%) had cHCC-CC, 419 (82.9%) had HCC, and 51 (10.1%) had CC. The clinicopathological features of the cHCC-CC group were more identical to those of the HCC group than the CC group. OS was significantly lower in the cHCC-CC group than in the HCC group but was not significantly higher in the cHCC-CC group than in the CC group. The median OS of cHCC-CC, HCC, and CC groups was 50.1 months 95% confidence interval (CI): 38.7-61.2, 62.3 months (CI: 42.1-72.9), and 36.2 months (CI: 15.4-56.5), respectively. Cumulative OS rates at 1, 3, and 5 years in cHCC-CC, HCC, and CC groups were 88.5%, 62.2%, and 44.0%; 91.2%, 76.1%, and 68.0%; and 72.0%, 48.1%, and 34.5%, respectively. After propensity score matching (PSM), OS in the cHCC-CC group was not significantly different from that in the HCC or CC group. However, OS was significantly higher in the HCC group than in the CC group before and after PSM. Furthermore, the disease-free survival was not significantly different among cHCC-CC, HCC, and CC groups before and after PSM.
The clinicopathological features of the cHCC-CC group were more identical to those of the HCC group than the CC group. The OS rate was significantly lower in the cHCC-CC group than the HCC group. However, after PSM, OS and disease-free survival in the cHCC-CC group were not significantly different from those in the HCC or CC group.
During the production process of the components of precision machines, a stable quality is the key consideration of the vendors. During the production process of metal parts, a thermal expansion ...error of the spindle will occur due to long time operations, which causes machining errors during the production process. The chatter phenomenon that occurs during the production of components causes knife marks on the processing surface. Thus, chatter is also a major factor that affects the stability of quality. The occurrence of chatter phenomenon not only affects the quality of metal components, it also causes severe wear of the blade surface and shortens the life of the knife tool, and makes the cutting quality more difficult to control. Therefore, this paper uses the lathe machine to simulate the production process in the factory, to collect signals of the thermal expansion error of the spindle phenomenon and the coexistence of chatter, for timely compensation of the thermal expansion error and the development of the chatter suppression system, while spending extra efforts to implement real-time dynamic detection with the Lorenz chaotic system and applying spindle speed selection to control the chatter phenomenon, thus enhancing the processing quality and lengthening the longevity of the knife tool. As for the compensation of temperature, the system applies multi-regression analysis to detect the front and rear bearings of the spindle and room temperature and to compensate the error of the spindle in real time. The system takes real-time control of the chatter phenomenon and compensation of long-time thermal expansion error as its core architecture, while the secondary architecture combines the Internet of Things with Skymars to enable the machine to stabilize communication and to combine with heterogeneous machines such as robotic arm, milling machine, and grinding machine. It is a framework with horizontal development and establishes a database to record the critical value of the occurrence of chatter and implement two-time quality detection, achieving management of the production line, improvement of quality, and cloud information storage.
In this paper an analysis of the nonlinear dynamic behavior and control of an atomic force microscope system is described. Phase plane trajectories, spectrum analysis, bifurcation analysis, the ...Poincare cross-section, the maximal Lyapunov exponent, and other numerical analysis methods were used to observe and verify the dynamic characteristics and the differential equations for the system. The results showed that at specific excitation frequencies, the system will exhibit nonlinear behavior that may be cyclic, multi-cyclic or acyclic. A Psim circuit simulation using the same parameters showed the same nonlinear behavior, as did laboratory circuit implementations. The results also showed than an understanding and control of the dynamic characteristics would not be an easy task. However, they could be used as a basis for the suppression and control of nonlinear behavior and vibration in atomic force microscope systems. A proportional-derivative system was also used, with particle swarm optimization, to find the control parameters Kp and KD and a fuzzy controller was used to compare the results. The controller simulation and hardware implementation both effectively inhibited the nonlinear behavior and were most helpful for the control and enhancement of measurement accuracy.
CXCR4 antagonists have been claimed to reduce mortality after myocardial infarction in myocardial infarction (MI) animals, presumably due to suppressing inflammatory responses caused by myocardial ...ischemia-reperfusion injury, thus, subsequently facilitating tissue repair and cardiac function recovery. This study aims to determine whether a newly designed CXCR4 antagonist DBPR807 could exert better vascular-protective effects than other clinical counterparts (e.g., AMD3100) to alleviate cardiac damage further exacerbated by reperfusion. Consequently, we find that instead of traditional continuous treatment or multiple-dose treatment at different intervals of time, a single-dose treatment of DBPR807 before reperfusion in MI animals could attenuate inflammation via protecting oxidative stress damage and preserve vascular/capillary density and integrity via mobilizing endothelial progenitor cells, leading to a desirable fibrosis reduction and recovery of cardiac function, as evaluated with the LVEF (left ventricular ejection fraction) in infarcted hearts in rats and mini-pigs, respectively. Thus, it is highly suggested that CXCR4 antagonists should be given at a single high dose prior to reperfusion to provide the maximal cardiac functional improvement. Based on its favorable efficacy and safety profiles indicated in tested animals, DBPR807 has a great potential to serve as an adjunctive medicine for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) therapies in acute MI patients.
The efficacy of sorafenib in combination with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) or multiple-line therapies in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. This study ...aimed to investigate the overall survival (OS) of patients with advanced HCC in response to different combination therapies.We analyzed the treatment and OS of 401 patients with Barcelona clinic liver cancer stage C HCC between 2012 and 2017. Mortality was analyzed using multivariate Cox regression, and OS was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method.The mean age was 59 years and males were predominant. During a median follow-up time of 8.6 months (range, 1-80 months), 346 (86.2%) patients died. In the multivariate Cox regression analysis, primary tumor size ≥5 cm, serum alpha-fetoprotein ≥200, and serum albumin ≥3.5 were significantly associated with mortality. In addition, compared with sorafenib alone, multiple-line treatments with sorafenib and multiple-line treatments without sorafenib yielded significantly decreased mortality. In the Kaplan-Meier analysis, sorafenib with TACE, multiple-line treatments with sorafenib, third-line treatments with sorafenib, and multiple-line treatments without sorafenib yielded a significantly better median OS than sorafenib alone.Sorafenib with concurrent multiple-line therapies significantly improved OS. These combination therapies will provide important information for immunotherapy combination with locoregional therapies in advanced HCC.
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