This article summarizes and organizes relevant publications in journals, along with a review of medical history, systematically summarizing the development process of dental alveolar surgery in ...China. The initial establishment phase (1935-1952) marked the starting point of Chinese Alveolar Surgery. Despite the impact of wars, it laid the foundation for subsequent research and practice. During the early development phase (1953-1966), the "Chinese Journal of Stomatology" was founded, which promoted the development of Alveolar Surgery. Research focused on tooth extraction methods and complications. Tooth Transplantation and Preprosthetic Surgery gradually began to take off. The stagnant phase (1967-1977) occurred due to the interruption of international exchanges, leading to an almost complete halt in the development of Alveolar Surgery. Entering the rapid catch-up phase (1978-1985), Alveolar Surgery scholars in China began striving to overcome the stagnation of the previous decade. While some progress was made,
Signaling molecules derived from attachment of diverse metabolic building blocks to ascarosides play a central role in the life history of
and other nematodes; however, many aspects of their ...biogenesis remain unclear. Using comparative metabolomics, we show that a pathway mediating formation of intestinal lysosome-related organelles (LROs) is required for biosynthesis of most modular ascarosides as well as previously undescribed modular glucosides. Similar to modular ascarosides, the modular glucosides are derived from highly selective assembly of moieties from nucleoside, amino acid, neurotransmitter, and lipid metabolism, suggesting that modular glucosides, like the ascarosides, may serve signaling functions. We further show that carboxylesterases that localize to intestinal organelles are required for the assembly of both modular ascarosides and glucosides via ester and amide linkages. Further exploration of LRO function and carboxylesterase homologs in
and other animals may reveal additional new compound families and signaling paradigms.
The medium-Mn steels have a great application potential in the engineering fields due to its excellent strength and toughness. However, the presence of coarse martensite and segregation of Mn in the ...fusion-welded medium-Mn steel joint severely deteriorated toughness and ductility. In this work, 6 mm thick medium-Mn steel plates were joined by friction stir welding, and then were intercritically annealed to enhance the toughness and ductility of the joint. The as-welded nugget zone (NZ) contained lath martensite with low proportion of high angle boundaries (HABs), leading to the joint with lower elongation of 22.5% and the impact energy of 73.6 J/cm2. However, the as-annealed NZ consisted of ferrite and austenite because partial martensite changed to reversed austenite, while other martensite became ferrite during annealing. In addition, the proportion of HABs in the as-annealed NZ increased obviously. In comparison with as-welded joint, the impact energy and elongation of the as-annealed joint was increased by 70.7% and 44.4%, respectively. The abovementioned excellent mechanical properties were attributed to the high proportion of HABs and a large amount of ultra-fine reversed austenite with high thermal and mechanical stability, which provided a significant transformation induced plasticity effect, obviously inhibiting crack initiation and propagation. This systematic work provided a reference for welding similar materials containing retained austenite.
The present work aims to unravel the effect of Ti microalloying on the refinement of co-precipitated nanoscale Cu and M2C carbides, and thereby the improvement of both strength and toughness of an ...ultrahigh-strength Fe-0.05C-1.3Cu steel. The co-precipitated Cu and M2C carbides in Ti-free and Ti-containing steels was characterized after quenching and aging treatment via atom probe tomography (APT), and their contribution to the yield strength was quantified. APT results show that after being aged at 550 °C for 1 h, nanoscale Cu particles and M2C carbides co-precipitated. And, the density of finer Cu was found to be higher in the Ti-containing steel than that in the Ti-free steel which can produce more nucleation sites for M2C carbides precipitation. After being aged at 550 °C for 1 h, the Ti-containing steel had a yield strength as high as 1055 MPa, and an impact toughness of 132 J at −40 °C, which was an improvement of 61 MPa and 27 J, respectively, in comparison to the Ti-free steel. The higher-density M2C carbides were found to contribute to precipitation strengthening enhancement. The co-precipitation strengthening contribution from the Cu-M2C precipitates of the Ti-containing steel was calculated to be 69 MPa higher than that of the Ti-free steel. This is similar to the difference of 61 MPa from the experiment. The high toughness of Ti-containing steel is attributed to a higher density of high angle grain boundaries and a smaller prior austenite grain size by deflecting crack propagation.
The adsorption of roxarsone by iron (hydr)oxide-modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) from aqueous solution and its mechanism were investigated. The amount of roxarsone adsorbed by modified ...MWCNTs is higher than MWCNTs at the same condition. The results show that the sorption isotherms are nonlinear, and can be well fitted according to the Freundlich and Polanyi–Manes models. The adsorption kinetics could be well described by pseudo-second-order model. Thermodynamic analysis shows that the adsorption of roxarsone on the adsorbents is an exothermic and spontaneous process. Desorption process had no obvious desorption hysteresis phenomenon. The FT-IR and XPS analysis confirmed the loading of iron ions on the MWCNTs, and revealed the involvement of carboxyl groups and iron ions on the adsorption of roxarsone.
Spin-triplet superconductivity in Sr2RuO4 has attracted enormous interest. Like other unconventional superconductors, superconductivity in Sr2RuO4 is in close proximity to magnetic instability. ...Undoped Sr2RuO4 exhibits incommensurate antiferromagnetic (AFM) fluctuations, which can evolve into static, short-range AFM order via Ti doping. Moreover, weak ferromagnetic (FM) coupling in Sr2RuO4 has also been suggested by NMR/neutron scattering experiments and studies on Ca2-xSrxRuO4 and Sr2-yLayRuO4, implying orbital dependent magnetism. We report bulk static, short-range FM order in Sr2RuO4 triggered by <2% Co doping, showing superconductivity in Sr2RuO4 is much closer to FM instability than previously reported in Ca2-xSrxRuO4. We also find Mn doping can effectively establish incommensurate AFM order, with TN ~ 50 K for 3% Mn doping. These new results place Sr2RuO4 in a unique situation where superconductivity lies directly on the borderline of two distinct magnetic states, highlighting the important role of competing magnetic fluctuations in determining superconducting properties of Sr2RuO4.
Can kindreds with tooth agenesis caused by MSX1 or PAX9 mutations be distinguished by their phenotypes? We have identified an MSX1second bicuspids and mandibular central incisors. The dominant ...phenotype is apparently due to haploinsufficiency. We analyzed patterns of partial tooth agenesis in seven kindreds with defined MSX1 mutations and ten kindreds with defined PAX9 mutations. The probability of missing a particular type of tooth is always bilaterally symmetrical, but differences exist between the maxilla and mandible. MSX1-associated oligodontia typically includes missing maxillary and mandibular second bicuspids and maxillary first bicuspids. The most distinguishing feature of MSX1-associated oligodontia is the frequent (75%) absence of maxillary first bicuspids, while the most distinguishing feature of PAX9-associated oligodontia is the frequent (> 80%) absence of the maxillary and mandibular second molars.
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