Intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) are important parts of the mucosal barrier, whose function can be impaired upon various injury factors such as lipopolysaccharide. Although food-derived exosomes are ...preventable against intestinal barrier injuries, there have been few studies on the effect of yak milk–derived exosomes and the underlying mechanism that remains poorly understood. This study aimed to characterize the effect of exosomal proteins derived from yak and cow milk on the barrier function of IEC-6 treated with lipopolysaccharide and the relevant mechanism involved. Proteomics study revealed 392 differentially expressed proteins, with 58 higher expressed and 334 lower expressed in yak milk–derived exosomes than those in cow exosomes. Additionally, the top 20 proteins with a relatively consistent higher expression in yak milk exosomes than cow milk exosomes were identified. Protein CD46 was found to be a regulator for alleviating inflammatory injury of IEC-6. In vitro assay of the role of yak milk exosomes on survival of IEC-6 in inflammation by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay confirmed the effectiveness of yak milk exosomes to increase IEC-6 survival up to 18% for 12 h compared with cow milk exosomes (up to 12%), indicating a therapeutic effect of yak milk exosomes in the prevention of intestinal inflammation. Furthermore, yak and cow milk exosomes were shown to activate the PI3K/AKT/C3 signaling pathway, thus promoting IEC-6 survival. Our findings demonstrated an important relationship between yak and cow milk exosomes and intestinal inflammation, facilitating further understanding of the mechanisms of inflammation-driven epithelial homeostasis. Interestingly, compared with cow milk exosomes, yak milk exosomes activated the PI3K/AKT/C3 signaling pathway more to lower the incidence and severity of intestine inflammation, which might represent a potential innovative therapeutic option for intestinal inflammation.
Summary
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of male age on treatment outcomes and neonatal birthweight following intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). This study included 2,474 ...ICSI cycles. Male partners were stratified into 5‐year age categories (up to 25, 26–30, 31–35, 36–40 and 41 and up). Multilevel logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationship between male age and treatment outcomes. After adjusting for confounders, we found no difference in the clinical pregnancy rate. However, we observed that the 31‐ to 35‐year group had a higher odds of live birth than that of the >41‐year group (aOR 1.63, p = .03), and that the risk of abortion in the 31‐ to 35‐year group was lower than that of the reference group (aOR 0.41, p = .02). A total of 754 single‐foetus newborns and 556 twin newborns were analysed. Among the singletons, none of the variables differed among the five groups (p > .05). Among the twins, the infants in the 36‐ to 40‐year group had a lower neonatal birthweight and a higher low‐birthweight rate than those of the other groups (p < .05). Our study indicates that increased paternal age negatively affects the live birth and miscarriage rates. In addition, advanced paternal age may affect the birthweight of twins.
Dust storms have direct or indirect impacts on climate change and human health. Identifying and quantifying natural/anthropogenic dust sources can facilitate effective prevention and control of dust ...events. Based on surface real-time PM10 monitoring data, satellite remote sensing and the HYSPLIT model, this study determined the specific timing, coverage and sources of dust events in Shanxi Province, Northern China. Thus, a composite fingerprinting technique was established to quantify potential dust sources and dust contributions of single dust events. The dust oxidation model was validated, indicating that the composite fingerprinting technique was well suited to the study region. The results show that natural dust sources (67%) contributed more to the study region than anthropogenic dust sources. They were mainly from the northwest and north of the study region. Particularly, the contributions of Taiyuan (TY) and Linfen (LF) accounted for the largest (82%) and smallest (55%) proportions, respectively, both exceeding 50%. Anthropogenic dust sources contributed 33%, mainly from the east and south of the study region. The contribution of anthropogenic dust sources increased in the study region from north to south. In terms of potential dust sources, the Tengger Desert and Badain Jaran Desert (TDBD) contributed the most (26%), followed by the Otindag Sandy Land (OL) (22%). The Taklimakan Desert (TD) contributed the least (2%). The Middle Farmland region of the Hexi Corridor (HMF) in the west (15%) had the largest proportion of anthropogenic dust sources. Differences in the regional contribution of potential dust sources mainly resulted from winter winds, surface drought severity and particle size. At an insignificant distance from the study region, the contribution of potential dust sources was larger in the west than in the east and increased from south to north overall. These methods and findings can contribute to improving the ecological environment in Northern China.
Display omitted
•Composite fingerprinting can effectively quantify the contribution of dust sources.•Natural dust sources contribute about 67% of the dust to the study region.•TDBD (26%) and OL (22%) are the main natural dust sources, with high contributions.•HMF is the main anthropogenic dust source, accounting for about 16%.
A carbon nanotube modified biosensor for monitoring total cholesterol in blood was studied. This sensor consists of a carbon working electrode and a reference electrode screen-printed on a ...polycarbonate substrate. Cholesterol esterase, cholesterol oxidase, peroxidase and potassium ferrocyanide were immobilized on the screen-printed carbon electrodes. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCN) were added to prompt electron transfer. Experimental results show that the carbon nanotube modified biosensor offers a reliable calibration profile and stable electrochemical properties.
Solubility of CO2 in molten Li2Co3-LiCl Hu, X.-W.; Deng, W.-T.; Shi, Z.-N. ...
Journal of mining and metallurgy. Section B, Metallurgy,
2021, Letnik:
57, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Solubility of CO2 in molten Li2CO3-LiCl was measured by a pressure differential method, and the enthalpy change of the solution was calculated on that basis. The relationships between the solubility ...and the enthalpy change, and the temperature and the composition of the melts were discussed. The results showed that when the temperature was 873?923 K and the Li2CO3 content was 10?50 mol%, the solubility of CO2 increased with decreasing temperature and/or increasing Li2CO3 content. The maximum solubility was 3.965 ? 10?7gCO2/gmelt at 873 K when the content of Li2CO3 was 50 mol%. The solution of CO2 was exothermic. With increasing temperature and Li2CO3 content, more enthalpy was needed for CO2 solution.
In order to assess the left ventricular (LV) longitudinal rotation (LR) in primary hypertension (PH) patients with a normal LV ejection fraction. Conventional echocardiography was performed in 61 ...healthy subjects and 64 PH patients. The apical four-chamber views in these patients were acquired by GE-Vivid7 or E9, then the peak radial strain in the systolic period and the strain rate in systole, in early and late diastolic periods, were measured. Segmental LR and global LR were assessed by using two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (2D-STI). The peak radial strain rate in the early diastolic period in PH patients was significantly lower than that in healthy subjects. The rotational degrees of the middle and base lateral, the apex and the middle septum walls in PH patients were significantly different from those of the healthy subjects. The healthy subjects had prominent counter-clockwise LR (0.29°±2.86°) and the PH patients had prominent clockwise LR (-2.13°±2.93°) in non-LV wall hypertrophy and (-2.43°±2.66°) in LV wall hypertrophy. The time delay between the LV lateral wall and the septum wall in PH patients correlated to the peak LR. We concluded that 2D-STI can assess the time delay between the LV lateral wall and the septum wall to the peak LR and clockwise LR in patients with PH, and prove that PH patients have a clockwise LR. By this, we conclude that in PH patients, the LV early systolic function have changed.
The martensite transformation (MT) behavior and magneto-caloric effect (MCE) in polycrystalline Ni44Mn36In14Co6 alloy were tuned by doping the fifth element, 2 at.% Cu. The process of heat-induced MT ...was observed by in-situ scanning electron microscopy and the magnetic-field-induced reversible MT was confirmed by magnetic properties test near room temperature. A large magnetization change (ΔM, 111emu/g), relatively high sensitivity to magnetic fields (3.8 K/T), a large MCE (33.7J kg−1 K−1) and the two-way magnetic-field-induced transformation were attained around the MT. The combination properties in the Ni42Mn36In14Co6Cu2 alloy are instructive for the development of high-performance magnetic refrigeration and intelligent actuator materials.
•The first time that tracked the martensite transformation by in-situ SEM in Ni-Mn based shape memory alloys.•Successfully observed the martensite growth process and verified the nature of thermo-elastic martensite transformation.•A kind of Ni-Mn based magnetic refrigeration material with excellent comprehensive performance was obtained.
The double boundary layer model has been developed to study the behavior of film condensation heat transfer outside a horizontal tube in presence of air treated as a noncondensable gas. And the ...coupled heat and mass transfer on a smooth horizontal tube is numerically solved with the finite difference method. The local mass concentration of the noncondensable gas, the distributions of velocity and temperature in the boundary layers are presented and discussed. The numerical results have shown that the mass concentration and velocity of the noncondensable gas increase from the bulk mixture to the interface while the temperature decreases from the bulk mixture to the interface. Although the mass concentration of the noncondensable gas in the bulk mixture could be small, the reduction in average heat transfer coefficient is obvious. The comparisons of heat transfer coefficient show that the numerical predictions agree well with available experimental data.
► We develop the double boundary layer model. ► We examine film condensation heat transfer in presence of noncondensable gas. ► We present local mass concentration, velocity and temperature in boundary layers. ► Low noncondensable gas causes large reduction of condensation heat transfer. ► Good agreement for heat transfer is achieved between numerical and experimental data.
The martensitic transformation (MT) and its kinetics in Ni-Mn-In-Mg shape memory alloys (SMAs) were calculated for the first time. The differences in the phase transition processes of alloys with ...various Mg contents were analyzed using two different models, and their microstructures were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). As the Mg content increased, the grain size decreased, and the MT temperature and activation energy increased significantly due to the grain refinement of the second phase. The Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov (JMAK) equation was used to simulate the MT time-temperature-transformation (TTT) curves of the alloys, which exhibited the same trends as the DSC test results. To study the dependence of the activation energy on the heating rate, DSC studies were conducted using nine different heating rates to study the kinetics of the thermally induced transformation process. It was clarified that the heating rate could adjust the phase transition temperature and significantly affect the activation energy, indicating that the heating rate can be used as a method for adjusting the phase change parameters. Moreover, for the same alloy system, using the same heating rate is a useful means of comparing activation energies. This study provides a reference for designing and calculating the kinetics of Ni-Mn-In memory alloys.
•The transformation kinetic in Ni-Mn-In-Mg alloys was calculated, and the characteristics of the martensite transition processes with different Mg content were analyzed by two different models.•The JMAK equation was used to simulate the martensitic transformation TTT curve of the Ni-Mn-In-Mg alloys and found to be the same trend as the DSC test results.•The effects of different heating rates on the phase transition temperature and the activation energy were investigated. It was clarified that the heating rate could adjust the phase transition temperature and significantly affects the activation energy.
PDF
