Thysanoptera, commonly known as thrips, constitutes a relatively diminutive insect order within the superorder Thripida Fallen, 1814, with at least 6000 described extant species. Thripida has been ...divided into three clades: Panthysanoptera Nel et al., 2012, Lophioneurida Tillyard, 1921, and Westphalothripidesidae Nel et al., 2012, primarily based on wing venation patterns (Nel et al., 2012).
Abstract Background Although disease-causal genetic variants have been found within silencer sequences, we still lack a comprehensive analysis of the association of silencers with diseases. Here, we ...profiled GWAS variants in 2.8 million candidate silencers across 97 human samples derived from a diverse panel of tissues and developmental time points, using deep learning models. Results We show that candidate silencers exhibit strong enrichment in disease-associated variants, and several diseases display a much stronger association with silencer variants than enhancer variants. Close to 52% of candidate silencers cluster, forming silencer-rich loci, and, in the loci of Parkinson’s-disease-hallmark genes TRIM31 and MAL, the associated SNPs densely populate clustered candidate silencers rather than enhancers displaying an overall twofold enrichment in silencers versus enhancers. The disruption of apoptosis in neuronal cells is associated with both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and can largely be attributed to variants within candidate silencers. Our model permits a mechanistic explanation of causative SNP effects by identifying altered binding of tissue-specific repressors and activators, validated with a 70% of directional concordance using SNP-SELEX. Narrowing the focus of the analysis to individual silencer variants, experimental data confirms the role of the rs62055708 SNP in Parkinson’s disease, rs2535629 in schizophrenia, and rs6207121 in type 1 diabetes. Conclusions In summary, our results indicate that advances in deep learning models for the discovery of disease-causal variants within candidate silencers effectively “double” the number of functionally characterized GWAS variants. This provides a basis for explaining mechanisms of action and designing novel diagnostics and therapeutics.
Inertial microfluidics has attracted significant attentions in last decade due to its superior advantages of high throughput, label‐ and external field‐free operation, simplicity, and low cost. A ...wide variety of channel geometry designs were demonstrated for focusing, concentrating, isolating, or separating of various bioparticles such as blood components, circulating tumor cells, bacteria, and microalgae. In this review, we first briefly introduce the physics of inertial migration and Dean flow for allowing the readers with diverse backgrounds to have a better understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of inertial microfluidics. Then, we present a comprehensive review of the recent advances and applications of inertial microfluidic devices according to different channel geometries ranging from straight channels, curved channels to contraction‐expansion‐array channels. Finally, the challenges and future perspective of inertial microfluidics are discussed. Owing to its superior benefit for particle manipulation, the inertial microfluidics will play a more important role in biology and medicine applications.
We report here a novel two-stage i-DLD sorter through coupling inertial microfluidics with deterministic lateral displacement (DLD), allowing for precise, continuous, and size-based cell separation. ...The first stage spiral inertial microfluidic sorter is responsible for removing the overwhelming majority of background blood cells at a high-throughput manner. The precise and flow-rate insensitive DLD sorter with triangular posts serves as the second stage sorter which further removes the residual blood cells for obtaining high-purity tumor cells. After demonstrating the conceptual design, we characterize the performances of our two-stage i-DLD sorter for the separation of differently sized particles and cells. The characterization results show that a 100% complete separation of 15 and 7 μm particles was achieved, whereas a separation efficiency of over 99.9% and a target sample purity of 93.59% was realized for the separation of differently sized cells. Finally, we successfully apply our sorter for the separation of rare tumor cells from the diluted whole blood or WBCs at good performances. Our two-stage i-DLD sorter offers numerous advantages of label- and external field-free operation, high-efficiency and high-reliability separation, and high-throughput processing without clogging, and is promising as a potential tool for precise cell separation in low-resource settings.
We report the first discovery of barklice preserved in copula from amber dating back to the mid-Cretaceous, thus documenting the oldest preserved reproductive behaviour of Psocodea. The new finding ...provides new insight into the evolution of copulatory behaviour in Trogiomorpha. Moreover, we describe and illustrate the new fossil material of Burmempheria densuschaetae (= Latempheria kachinensis) in the extinct family Empheriidae and Longiantennum fashengi in the extinct family Archaeatropidae, two diverse and widely distributed groups during the Cretaceous. No significant sexual dimorphism is recorded, apart from variation in size where males are larger. The taxonomy of Cretaceous empheriids from Burmese amber is revised and discussed.
X‐ray circular dichroism, arising from the contrast in X‐ray absorption between opposite photon helicities, serves as a spectroscopic tool to measure the magnetization of ferromagnetic materials and ...identify the handedness of chiral crystals. Antiferromagnets with crystallographic chirality typically lack X‐ray magnetic circular dichroism because of time‐reversal symmetry, yet exhibit weak X‐ray natural circular dichroism. Here, the observation of giant natural circular dichroism in the Ni L3‐edge X‐ray absorption of Ni3TeO6 is reported, a polar and chiral antiferromagnet with effective time‐reversal symmetry. To unravel this intriguing phenomenon, a phenomenological model is proposed that classifies the movement of photons in a chiral crystal within the same symmetry class as that of a magnetic field. The coupling of X‐ray polarization with the induced magnetization yields giant X‐ray natural circular dichroism, revealing typical ferromagnetic behaviors allowed by the symmetry in an antiferromagnet, i.e., the altermagnetism of Ni3TeO6. The findings provide evidence for the interplay between magnetism and crystal chirality in natural optical activity. Additionally, the first example of a new class of magnetic materials exhibiting circular dichroism is established with time‐reversal symmetry.
The article reveals a new type of altermagnet, in which the symmetry allows for typical ferromagnetic behaviors. It presents X‐ray circular dichroism observed in a chiral antiferromagnet with time‐reversal symmetry. This phenomenon contrasts conventional X‐ray magnetic circular dichroism. As X‐rays propagate through the material, the Berry curvature, arising from the inversion symmetry breaking, gives rise to distinct circular dichroism.
Organic–inorganic hybrid metal halides have recently attracted attention in the global research field for their bright light emission, tunable photoluminescence wavelength, and convenient synthesis ...method. This study reports the detailed properties of (C10H16N)2MnBr4, which emits bright green light with a high photoluminescence quantum yield. Results of powder X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence, thermogravimetric analysis, and Raman spectra show the phase transition of (C10H16N)2MnBr4 at 430 K. This phase transition was identified as the solid to liquid state of (C10H16N)2MnBr4. Moreover, the pressure- and temperature-induced relationship between structural and optical properties in (C10H16N)2MnBr4 can be identified. This investigation provides deep insights into the luminescent properties of metal halide crystals and promotes further research.
A mating pair of Palaeoparasycorax globosus Stebner et al., 2015 from the mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber is illustrated and described. The male is redescribed, and the female genitalia of this species ...is described for the first time. This discovery allows for a better understanding of this fossil sycoracines characteristics and further demonstrates the bioinclusion richness of the mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber. A list of all Cretaceous Psychodidae is given.
PDF
