Rationale and objective
Vortioxetine has been reported to exhibit a variety of neurobiological functions and neuroprotective effects. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of ...vortioxetine on cognitive performance in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD).
Methods
We administered vortioxetine (10 mg/kg, i.p., every day, for approximately 6 weeks), which acts on multiple 5-serotonin (5-HT) receptors, to 3.5-month-old 5×FAD mice. Subsequently, we used the open field (OF) test to detect anxiety-like behavior in the mice. The novel object recognition (NOR) test and Morris water maze (MWM) were used to assess the cognitive states of the 5×FAD mice. We also measured the levels of insoluble amyloid plaques and soluble β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques. Finally, we explored the expression levels of postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95), synaptophysin (SYP), and synaptotagmin-1 (SYT1) in the hippocampus of the mice.
Results
The administration of vortioxetine effectively reversed the reduction in anxiety-type behaviors in 5×FAD mice and improved the impairment in recognition memory and spatial reference memory. However, we did not find that vortioxetine decreased or delayed the formation of amyloid plaques or Aβ. Interestingly, we found a significant increase in the expression levels of PSD95, SYP, and SYT1 in the 5×FAD mice after vortioxetine treatment compared with the control group.
Conclusion
These results demonstrate that vortioxetine may improve cognitive impairment in 5×FAD mice. The role in cognitive improvement may be related to the beneficial effects of vortioxetine on synaptic function.
New therapeutic drug for breast cancer (BRCA), especially triple negative BRCA (TNBC), is urgently needed. Even though 2-(4-morpholinoanilino)-6-cyclohexylaminopurine (reversine) is an aurora kinase ...inhibitor, it also inhibits some cancer cells and human BRCA cells. However, the potential roles of reversine as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of BRCA remains unknown and must be further investigation. Thus, the relationship of reversine to aurora kinase in BCRA has not been reported. The relationship between AURKB and survival rate in BRCA has never been reported. Herein, we tested the roles of reversine on different BRCA cell line subtypes. We also investigated the relationship between AURKB and survival rate in BRCA as well as reversine to Aurora kinase expression in BCRA cell lines, including TNBC subtype, 4T1, MDA-MB-231, and luminal subtype MCF-7.
Cell viability and apoptosis were detected using Cell Counting Kit-8 and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. Apoptotic and tumor-related proteins were tested using Western blot analysis. Important microRNAs that regulate BRCA were analyzed using RT-PCR. UALCAN public databases were used to analyze the targeted gene profiles, and the PROGgeneV2 database was used to study the prognostic implications of genes.
Reversine inhibits cell proliferation and induces cell apoptosis by modulating caspase-3 and bax/bcl-2 among the three cell lines. Data from the UALCAN public database show that BRCA tissues expressed high gene levels of
, and
compared with the normal tissue. Among the over-expressed genes in BRCA,
ranks 9th in TNBC, 49th in luminal subtype, and 48th in HER2 subtype. High
level in BRCA is highly related to the low survival rate in patients displayed in 18 databases searched via PROGgeneV2. The protein levels of aurora B kinase (Aurora B), which is encoded by
gene, are highly suppressed by reversine in the three cell lines. The tumor-related proteins TGF-β1, TIMP1, and MMP9 are partially suppressed by reversine but with different sensitivity in the three cell lines. The reversine-affected microRNAs, such as miR129-5p, miR-199a-3p, and miR-3960, in MDA-MB-231 cell line might be the research targets in TNBC regulation.
In BRCA, the level of
are over-expressed and is related to low survival rate. Reversine contributes to anti-growth effect in BRCA cell lines, especially for TNBC, by modulating the aurora B. However, the invasiveness, metastasis, and anti-tumor effects of reversine in vivo and in vitro must be further investigated.
A second blattoid species, Cercoula brachyptera gen. et sp. nov. is described from Cretaceous amber. It is placed in Blattoidea because of the combination of bivalvate female subgenital plate and ...type-A forefemoral spination. Its relatively small size, and small, slender, pod-like cerci, suggest that the new species is a stem member of Blattoidea. Cercoula brachyptera is the first fossil of brachypterous cockroach. Since wing reduction might be a response of cockroaches to the arid environment, C. brachyptera might indicate an arid microenvironment or a dry season, or even contribute to the possibility of an arid palaeoclimate of the Myanmar amber locality.
The Sternorrhyncha, which comprise about 18,700 described recent species, is a suborder of the Hemiptera, one of big five most diverse insect orders. In the modern fauna, these tiny phytophages ...comprise insects of great ecological and economic importance, like aphids (Aphidomorpha), scale insects (Coccidomorpha), whiteflies (Aleyrodomorpha) and psyllids (Psylloidea). Their evolutionary history can be traced back to the Late Carboniferous, but the early stages of their evolution and diversification is poorly understood, with two known extinct groups-Pincombeomorpha and Naibiomorpha variously placed in classifications and relationships hypotheses. Most of the recent Sternorrhyncha groups radiated rapidly during the Cretaceous. Here we report the new finding of very specialised sternorrhynchans found as inclusions in mid-Cretaceous amber from Kachin state (northern Myanmar), which represent another extinct lineage within this hemipteran suborder. These fossils, proposed to be placed in a new infraorder, are revealed to be related to whiteflies and psyllids. We present, also for the first time, the results of phylogenetic analyses covering extinct and extant lineages of the Sternorrhyncha.
Sulfate, as a major component of aerosol particles, greatly contributes to haze formation and affects global climate change. Although formation pathways of sulfate aerosols from the conversion of SO2 ...have been extensively studied, the discrepancy between field observations and model simulations suggests that there are still unknown sulfate sources. Herein, we report for the first time a photoinduced SO2 uptake and oxidation pathway in Beijing urban PM2.5 aerosols. In comparison with the NO2- and O3-induced SO2 oxidation pathways, this SO2 photo-oxidation in Beijing urban PM2.5 could make an important contribution to the daytime sulfate formation. Reactive species, such as •OH radicals and H2O2, are the major oxidants leading to sulfate formation in PM2.5. The water-soluble matter (WSM) and water-insoluble organic matter (WISOM) in PM2.5 were identified as the main photo-oxidant producers. Our work highlights an important daytime sulfate source in the atmosphere and provides new insight into the photochemical aging of ambient aerosols.
This paper presents an effective method for 3-D face recognition using a novel geometric facial representation along with a local feature hybrid matching scheme. The proposed facial surface ...description is based on a set of facial depth maps extracted by multiscale extended Local Binary Patterns (eLBP) and enables an efficient and accurate description of local shape changes; it thus enhances the distinctiveness of smooth and similar facial range images generated by preprocessing steps. The following matching strategy is SIFT-based and performs in a hybrid way that combines local and holistic analysis, robustly associating the keypoints between two facial representations of the same subject. As a result, the proposed approach proves robust to facial expression variations, partial occlusions, and moderate pose changes, and the last property makes our system registration-free for nearly frontal face models. The proposed method was experimented on three public datasets, i.e. FRGC v2.0, Gavab, and Bosphorus. It displays a rank-one recognition rate of 97.6% and a verification rate of 98.4% at a 0.001 FAR on the FRGC v2.0 database without any face alignment. Additional experiments on the Bosphorus dataset further highlight the advantages of the proposed method with regard to expression changes and external partial occlusions. The last experiment carried out on the Gavab database demonstrates that the entire system can also deal with faces under large pose variations and even partially occluded ones, when only aided by a coarse alignment process.
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•A bilayer asymmetric dressing was developed to mimic the gradient structure of epidermis and dermis.•The dense outer layer with better water repellency was made of PCL/PLA by ...electrostatic spinning.•The porous inner layer with water absorbing capacity was made of SA/PVA adding HACC by 3D printing.•The bilayer asymmetric dressing has similar mechanical properties to natural human skin.
Ideal wound dressings provide optimal microenvironment for the reconstruction of damaged tissue. In this work, we fabricated a bilayer asymmetric dressing to mimic gradient structure of epidermis and dermis of skin by combining electrostatic spinning and 3D printing method with properties including surface hydrophilic and hydrophobic, porosity, mechanical as well as antibacterial properties. The outer layer was prepared by optimized PCL/PLA (PP) via electrostatic spinning to mimick epidermis with water repellency and against bacterial penetration, which has a tensile modulus of 19.69 ± 0.66 MPa. While, the inner layer was 3D printed by optimized sodium alginate/polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan quaternary ammonium salt (SPH). The tensile modulus of SPH with a porosity of 70–90% is 0.82 ± 0.01 MPa, and the water content can be achieved above 85%. The antibacterial efficacy of inner layer was tested against Staphylococcus aureus indicating forming inhibition zone with a diameter of 1.61 ± 0.35 cm. In addition, Cell Counting Kit-8 and Live/Dead assay was used to test the viability of human dermal fibroblasts (HFBS), which showed that PP/SPH with 6% PVA had not significant cytotoxic effects. The double-layer asymmetric dressing meets the requirements of skin mechanical properties and provides an effective repair strategy for clinical skin trauma.
Environment-friendly aluminum electrolysis production process has long been a challenging industrial issue due to its built-in difficulty in optimizing numerous highly coupled and nonlinear ...parameters. This paper presents a multi-objective bacterial foraging optimization (MOBFO) algorithm to find optimal solutions that maximize the current efficiency and minimize the energy consumption and the production of perfluorocarbons (PFCs). Our method can be viewed as an enhanced version of the bacterial foraging optimization (BFO) in solving multi-objective optimization (MOO) problems (MOPs). We first propose a task-oriented optimization framework and model, and then parallel cell entropy and its difference are introduced to evaluate the evolutionary status of the Pareto solutions in a new objective space called parallel cell coordinate system (PCCS). In particular, the Pareto-archived evolution approach (PAEA) and the adaptive foraging strategy (AFS) are applied to balance the convergence and diversity of the Pareto front in the optimization procedure. Compared with traditional approaches, MOBFO not only increases speed of convergence toward the Pareto front, but also improves the diversity of the obtained solutions. Extensive experiment results on numerous benchmark problems and real-world aluminum electrolysis production process validated our proposed method's effectiveness.
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