Hierarchical porous cobalt oxide (Co
3O
4) array films are successfully prepared by electrodeposition through polystyrene sphere monolayer template. The as-prepared Co
3O
4 array films exhibit three ...typical porous structures from non-close-packed bowl array to close-packed bowl array and hierarchical two layer array structures. These Co
3O
4 array films have a hierarchical porous structure, in which the skeleton is composed of ordered arrays possessing nanoporous walls. A possible growth mechanism of porous Co
3O
4 array films is proposed. As anodes for Li ion batteries, the as-prepared Co
3O
4 array films exhibit quite good cycle life and high capacity. The first discharge capacity for the three Co
3O
4 array films is 1511, 1475, 1463
mAh
g
−1, respectively, and their initial coulombic efficiencies are as high as 72%. The specific capacity after 50 cycles for the three electrodes is 712, 665 and 640
mAh
g
−1 at 1
C rate, corresponding to 80%, 75%, 72% of the theoretical value (890
mAh
g
−1), respectively.
On 25 August 2018, the China Seismo‐Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES) encountered the first intense geomagnetic storm event since its launch on 2 February 2018. The main purpose of this work is to ...check in‐flight performance of the assembled payloads onboard CSES, as well as to investigate the ionosphere perturbations induced by this geomagnetic storm. The study shows that all investigated parameters simultaneously respond to the different phases of the geomagnetic storm, verifying the measuring capabilities of the assembled payloads onboard CSES. Specifically, the magnetic field obtained from the high‐precision magnetometer fits well with that obtained by the Swarm satellite, clearly demonstrating the development phase of the storm; joint analysis using the Langmuir probe, plasma analyzer, electric field detector, and GNSS occultation receiver data demonstrate that this is a positive storm event and that electric field penetration is the possible mechanism for the disturbance in the ionosphere. During this storm event, some significant ELF/VLF waves are also excited and there is enhancement of the energetic electron flux (of energy <1 MeV). These main features are consistent with results from previous works, indicating the excellent performance of the search coil magnetometer and high‐energy particle detector.
Key Points
The comprehensive parameters from CSES are presented
The measuring capabilities of the assembled payloads onboard CSES are demonstrated through an intense geomagnetic storm event
CSES observation shows that a positive storm event and the electric field penetration should play important role
Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) activity in China was surveyed to assess its current status. A record number of HCTs (21 884: 16 631 allogeneic (76%) and 5253 autologous (24%)) were reported ...by 76 centers in China between 1 January 2008 and 30 June 2016. HCT trends included continued growth in transplant activity, a continued rapid increase in haploidentical donors (HID), and slower growth for unrelated donors, matched-related donors (MRD) and cord blood transplantation (CBT). The proportion of HID HCT among allogeneic HCTs increased from 29.6% (313/1062) in 2008 to 48.8% (1939/3975) in 2015, even 51.7% (1157/2237) in the first half of 2016. During this time frame, the proportion of MRD HCTs among allogeneic HCTs decreased from 48.1% (511/1062) to 33.0% (332/3975). The proportion of unrelated donor HCTs among allogeneic HCTs decreased from 20.4 (216/1062) to 13.6% (540/3975). The proportion of CBTs among allogeneic HCTs was increased from 2.1% (22/1062) to 4.2% (184/3975). HCTs have been increasing continuously for all indications except chronic myelogenous leukemia. Severe aplastic anemia is a common HCT indication among non-malignant diseases in China. The number of cases of allogeneic HCT for this disorder has increased annually, from 59 (5.6%) in 2008 to 569 (14.3%) in 2015, even 334 (14.9%) in the first half year in 2016. This survey clearly shows recent trends for HCTs in China.
A self-supported Co3O4/NiO core/shell nanowire array is prepared by the combination of hydrothermal synthesis and electro-deposition methods. The Co3O4/NiO core/shell nanowire array shows a combined ...structure of mesoporous nanowire core and branch nanoflakes shell as well as hierarchically porous structure. The electro-oxidation properties of methanol of the Co3O4/NiO core/shell nanowire array are elucidated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry tests. Impressively, the Co3O4/NiO core/shell nanowire array exhibits much higher electro-catalytic activity, lower over-potential and much more stability for methanol electro-oxidation compared to the single Co3O4 nanowire array in alkaline medium. The enhancement of the electro-catalytic reactivity is due to the synergistic effect and unique porous core/shell nanowire architecture, which provides fast ion/electron transfer, sufficient contact between active materials and electrolyte, leading to faster kinetics, lower over-potential and higher electro-catalytic reactivity.
► Construct a self-supported porous Co3O4/NiO core/shell nanowire array. ► Core/shell nanowire array shows high electro-oxidation property of methanol. ► Core/shell nanowire array structure is favourable for fast ion and electron transfer.
This study was aimed at investigating the role and molecular mechanism of Sam68 in cervical cancer lymph node metastasis.
Sam68 expression profile was detected by quantitative polymerase chain ...reaction, western blotting and immunohistochemical staining. Short hairpin RNA interfering approach was employed to suppress endogenous Sam68 expression in cervical cancer cells to determine its role in metastasis and the possible mechanism.
Sam68 expression in cervical cancer was significantly up-regulated at both messenger RNA and protein levels compared with that in normal cervical tissues. The high expression level of Sam68 and its cytoplasmic localization were significantly associated with risk factors including pelvic lymph node metastasis (P < 0.001), and served as independent prognostic factors for predicting shortening of the overall survival time and disease-free survival time in patients with early-stage cervical cancer. Moreover, down-regulation of Sam68 in cervical cancer cells remarkably inhibited cellular motility and invasion. In addition, down-regulation of Sam68 reversed epithelial–mesenchymal transition through inhibiting the Akt/ GSK-3β/Snail pathway.
This study demonstrated that Sam68 could induce cervical cancer lymph node metastasis through regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and Sam68 expression profile possessed the potential to serve as predictors of pelvic lymph node metastasis in cervical cancer patients.
Background Many countries have introduced reforms with the aim of primary care transformation (PCT). Common objectives include meeting service delivery challenges associated with ageing populations ...and health inequalities. To date, there has been little research comparing PCT internationally. Our aim was to examine PCT and new models of primary care by conducting a systematic scoping review of international literature in order to describe major policy changes including key 'components', impacts of new models of care, and barriers and facilitators to PCT implementation. Methods We undertook a systematic scoping review of international literature on PCT in OECD countries and China (published protocol: Results A total of 107 studies from 15 countries were included. The most frequently employed component of PCT was the expansion of multidisciplinary teams (MDT) (46% of studies). The most frequently measured outcome was GP views (27%), with < 20% measuring patient views or satisfaction. Only three studies evaluated the effects of PCT on ageing populations and 34 (32%) on health inequalities with ambiguous results. For the latter, PCT involving increased primary care access showed positive impacts whilst no benefits were reported for other components. Analysis of 41 studies citing barriers or facilitators to PCT implementation identified leadership, change, resources, and targets as key themes. Conclusions Countries identified in this review have used a range of approaches to PCT with marked heterogeneity in methods of evaluation and mixed findings on impacts. Only a minority of studies described the impacts of PCT on ageing populations, health inequalities, or from the patient perspective. The facilitators and barriers identified may be useful in planning and evaluating future developments in PCT. Keywords: Primary care, Ageing, Scoping review, Health inequalities
Although the sun is really far away from us, some solar activities could still influence the performance and reliability of space-borne and ground-based technological systems on Earth. Those ...time-varying conditions in space caused by the sun are also called solar storm or space weather. It is known that aviation activities can be affected during solar storms, but the exact effects of space weather on aviation are still unclear. Especially how the flight delays, the top topic concerned by most people, will be affected by space weather has never been thoroughly researched. By analyzing huge amount of flight data (~ 4 × 10
records), for the first time, we quantitatively investigate the flight delays during space weather events. It is found that compared to the quiet periods, the average arrival delay time and 30-min delay rate during space weather events are significantly increased by 81.34% and 21.45% respectively. The evident negative correlation between the yearly flight regularity rate and the yearly mean total sunspot number during 22 years also confirms such correlation. Further studies show that the flight delay time and delay rate will monotonically increase with the geomagnetic field fluctuations and ionospheric disturbances. These results indicate that the interferences in communication and navigation during space weather events may be the most probable reason accounting for the increased flight delays. The above analyses expand the traditional field of space weather research and could also provide us with brand new views for improving the flight delay predications.
Solar flares are one of the severest solar activities that have important effects on near-Earth space. Previous studies have shown that flight arrival delays increase as a result of solar flares, but ...the intrinsic mechanism behind this relationship is still unknown. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of flight departure delays during 57 solar X-ray events by using a huge amount of flight data (~ 5 × 10
records) gathered over a 5-year period. It is found that the average flight departure delay time during solar X-ray events increased by 20.68% (7.67 min) compared to quiet periods. Our analysis also revealed apparent time and latitude dependencies, with flight delays being more serious on the dayside than on the nightside and longer (shorter) delays tending to occur in lower (higher) latitude airports during solar X-ray events. Furthermore, our results suggest that the intensity of solar flares (soft X-ray flux) and the Solar Zenith Angle directly modulate flight departure delay time and delay rate. These results indicate that communication interferences caused by solar flares directly affect flight departure delays. This work expands our conventional understanding of the impacts of solar flares on human society and provides new insights for preventing or coping with flight delays.