Lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) have shown considerable promise as an energy storage system due to their high conversion efficiency, size options (from coin cell to grid storage), and free of gaseous ...exhaust. For LIBs, power density and energy density are two of the most important parameters for their practical use, and the power density is the key factor for applications such as fast‐charging electric vehicles, high‐power portable tools, and power grid stabilization. A high rate of performance is also required for devices that store electrical energy from seasonal or irregular energy sources, such as wind energy and wave energy. Significant efforts have been made over the last several years to improve the power density of LIBs through anodes, cathodes, and electrolytes, and much progress has been made. To provide a comprehensive picture of these recent achievements, this review discusses the progress made in high‐power LIBs from 2013 to the present, including general and fundamental principles of high‐power LIBs, challenges facing LIB development today, and an outlook for future LIB development.
Power density is one of the important parameters for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) in their practical applications. The progress in high‐power LIBs since 2013 has been reviewed, from fundamental principles to experimental practice. Challenges and outlook for high‐power LIB development have been highlighted.
Replacement of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) by the more readily oxidized biomass derivatives is considered to be a promising strategy for photoelectrocatalytic water splitting hydrogen production. ...In this work, a biodiesel industrial waste by-product, glycerol, played the critical role for the efficient hydrogen production as well as the highly valuable dihydroxyacetone (DHA) and industrial useful formic acid production. As the glycerol was introduced, a remarkable cathodic shift of the onset potential was observed (∼300 mV) while the current density was 4 times higher compared to the water oxidation. The incident photon-to-current efficiency (IPCE) of BiVO4 photoanode for glycerol oxidation reached about 55%, which was 3 times higher than the system without glycerol. More importantly, during the photoelectrochemical water splitting in glycerol aqueous solution, in addition to the evolved hydrogen gas, glycerol was oxidized to valuable products with 15% dihydroxyacetone (DHA) and 85% formic acid. This strategy not only boosts the hydrogen production efficiency, keeps the photoanode very stable but also makes the biodiesel production more profitable and sustainable.
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•Industrial by-product is used is an effective and economical sacrificial agent for photoelectrochemical hydrogen production.•Significantly improved the photocurrent density and near-complete suppression in surface recombination are achieved.•Glycerol is found to play multi-function in photoelectrochemical cell.•Clean hydrogen and valuable chemicals are produced simultaneously.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability in adults. The pathological process of TBI involves a multifactorial cascade in which kinases have been proven contribute to ...interactions between relevant factors and amplification of signaling cascades. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is a promising kinase that has been implicated in various brain disorders, including TBI. However, the mechanism by which Cdk5 induces neuronal damage remains unclear. Here, we show for the first time that Drosha, a key enzyme in microRNA biogenesis, is a pivotal substrate of abnormally activated Cdk5. Cdk5-mediated phosphorylation decreases Drosha expression and exacerbates nerve injury in TBI. We proved that maintaining Drosha expression via the administration of repurposed Cdk5 inhibitors that were previously studied in clinical trials is a promising approach for the early treatment of TBI. Together, our work identifies Drosha as a novel target for neuroprotective strategies after TBI and suggests Cdk5-mediated regulation of Drosha expression as a potential therapeutic strategy for early TBI intervention.
China is progressing towards the goal of schistosomiasis elimination, but there are still some problems, such as difficult management of infection source and snail control. This study aimed to ...develop deep learning models with high-resolution remote sensing images for recognizing and monitoring livestock bovine, which is an intermediate source of Schistosoma japonicum infection, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the models for real-world application.
The dataset of livestock bovine's spatial distribution was collected from the Chinese National Platform for Common Geospatial Information Services. The high-resolution remote sensing images were further divided into training data, test data, and validation data for model development. Two recognition models based on deep learning methods (ENVINet5 and Mask R-CNN) were developed with reference to the training datasets. The performance of the developed models was evaluated by the performance metrics of precision, recall, and F1-score.
A total of 50 typical image areas were selected, 1125 bovine objectives were labeled by the ENVINet5 model and 1277 bovine objectives were labeled by the Mask R-CNN model. For the ENVINet5 model, a total of 1598 records of bovine distribution were recognized. The model precision and recall were 81.9% and 80.2%, respectively. The F1 score was 0.81. For the Mask R-CNN mode, 1679 records of bovine objectives were identified. The model precision and recall were 87.3% and 85.2%, respectively. The F1 score was 0.87. When applying the developed models to real-world schistosomiasis-endemic regions, there were 63 bovine objectives in the original image, 53 records were extracted using the ENVINet5 model, and 57 records were extracted using the Mask R-CNN model. The successful recognition ratios were 84.1% and 90.5% for the respectively developed models.
The ENVINet5 model is very feasible when the bovine distribution is low in structure with few samples. The Mask R-CNN model has a good framework design and runs highly efficiently. The livestock recognition models developed using deep learning methods with high-resolution remote sensing images accurately recognize the spatial distribution of livestock, which could enable precise control of schistosomiasis.
In December 2019, a new type viral pneumonia cases occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province; and then named "2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)" by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 12 January 2020. ...For it is a never been experienced respiratory disease before and with infection ability widely and quickly, it attracted the world's attention but without treatment and control manual. For the request from frontline clinicians and public health professionals of 2019-nCoV infected pneumonia management, an evidence-based guideline urgently needs to be developed. Therefore, we drafted this guideline according to the rapid advice guidelines methodology and general rules of WHO guideline development; we also added the first-hand management data of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University. This guideline includes the guideline methodology, epidemiological characteristics, disease screening and population prevention, diagnosis, treatment and control (including traditional Chinese Medicine), nosocomial infection prevention and control, and disease nursing of the 2019-nCoV. Moreover, we also provide a whole process of a successful treatment case of the severe 2019-nCoV infected pneumonia and experience and lessons of hospital rescue for 2019-nCoV infections. This rapid advice guideline is suitable for the first frontline doctors and nurses, managers of hospitals and healthcare sections, community residents, public health persons, relevant researchers, and all person who are interested in the 2019-nCoV.
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•Whole oat (WO), oat β-glucan (OG) and oat resistant starch (ORS) ameliorated insulin resistance, inflammation and gut microbiota.•WO, OG and ORS respectively markedly changed 12, 17 ...and 6 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) response to high-fat diet in type 2 diabetic rats.•Genus Bacteroides, Butyricoccus, Parabacteroides, Lactobacillus, Oscillospira, Ruminococcus, Bifidobacterium, Clostridium and Faecalibacterium associated with key phenotypes of diabetes and inflammation.
This study was aimed to compare the beneficial effects of oat β-glucan (OG), oat resistant starch (ORS), and whole oat foods (WO), and explore the correlations between the key phylotypes of gut microbiota and type 2 diabetes (T2D) indexes and inflammation indexes in high-fat diet induced T2D rats. WO exhibited better effects on ameliorating insulin resistance and glucose tolerance than OG and ORS (p < 0.05). The three oat products had equal effects on the inhibition of cytokine release (p > 0.05). OG, ORS, and WO altered the gut microbiota composition with increased genus Clostridium, and Butyricoccus, but decreased genus Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, Oscillospira, and Ruminococcus. In addition, the Pearson correlation analysis showed that genus Bacteroides, Butyricoccus, Parabacteroides, Lactobacillus, Oscillospira, Ruminococcus, and Bifidobacterium positively correlated (p < 0.05) with the development of diabetes and inflammation, while genus Clostridium and Faecalibacterium showed a negative correlation (p < 0.05). These results provide valuable information about the beneficial effects of oat products on human health.
Loss of Klotho, an anti-aging protein, plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney diseases. As Klotho is a large transmembrane protein, it is challenging to harness it as a ...therapeutic remedy. Here we report the discovery of a Klotho-derived peptide 1 (KP1) protecting kidneys by targeting TGF-β signaling. By screening a series of peptides derived from human Klotho protein, we identified KP1 that repressed fibroblast activation by binding to TGF-β receptor 2 (TβR2) and disrupting the TGF-β/TβR2 engagement. As such, KP1 blocked TGF-β-induced activation of Smad2/3 and mitogen-activated protein kinases. In mouse models of renal fibrosis, intravenous injection of KP1 resulted in its preferential accumulation in injured kidneys. KP1 preserved kidney function, repressed TGF-β signaling, ameliorated renal fibrosis and restored endogenous Klotho expression. Together, our findings suggest that KP1 recapitulates the anti-fibrotic action of Klotho and offers a potential remedy in the fight against fibrotic kidney diseases.
To analyse the high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) early imaging features and the changing trend of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia.
Forty-six patients with COVID-19 pneumonia ...who had an isolated lesion on the first positive CT were enrolled in this study. The following parameters were recorded for each lesion: sites, sizes, location (peripheral or central), attenuation (ground-glass opacity or consolidation), and other abnormalities (supply pulmonary artery dilation, air bronchogram, interstitial thickening, etc.). The follow-up CT images were compared with the previous CT scans, and the development of the lesions was evaluated.
The lesions tended to be peripheral and subpleural. All the lesions exhibited ground-glass opacity with or without consolidation. A higher proportion of supply pulmonary artery dilation (89.13 % 41/46) and air bronchogram (69.57 % 32/46) were found. Other findings included thickening of the intralobular interstitium and a halo sign of ground glass around a solid nodule. Cavitation, calcification or lymphadelopathy were not observed. The reticular patterns were noted from the 14 days after symptoms onset in 7 of 20 patients (45 %). At 22–31 days, the lesions were completely absorbed only in 2 of 7 patients (28.57 %).
The typical early CT features of COVID-19 pneumonia are ground-glass opacity, and located peripheral or subpleural location, and with supply pulmonary artery dilation. Reticulation was evident after the 2nd week and persisted in half of patients evaluated in 4 weeks after the onset. Long-term follow-up is required to determine whether the reticulation represents irreversible fibrosis.
With the rapid development of the Internet, more and more people pay attention to wireless sensor networks. Localization technology plays a vital role in wireless sensor networks. To reduce the ...localization error and improve the localization stability, a gray wolf localization algorithm based on beetle antennae search (BASGWO) is proposed, transforming the node localization problem into function constrained optimization. Firstly, the excellent point set method is used to initialize the gray wolf population, improving the richness. Secondly, the beetle antennae search mechanism with good global search ability is introduced into the gray wolf algorithm to avoid the gray wolf algorithm falling into local optimization in the late iteration. The gray wolf is the beetle antennae in search of excellence. The location of the gray wolf was updated according to the fitness value of the gray wolf and beetle antennae. The optimal global solution can be obtained, and then the unknown node coordinates can be obtained. The improved gray wolf algorithm improves the localization accuracy by 24% through simulation comparison and reduces the localization error fluctuation by 23%. Compared with the classical localization algorithm of WSN, the solution ability and localization accuracy of the BASGWO algorithm are improved.
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