The development of new catalytic systems for the conversion of biomass‐derived molecules into liquid fuels has attracted much attention. We propose a non‐noble bimetallic catalyst based on ...nickel–tungsten carbide for the conversion of the platform molecules 5‐(hydroxymethyl)furfural into the liquid‐fuel molecule 2,5‐dimethylfuran (DMF). Different catalysts, metal ratios and reaction conditions have been tested and give rise to a 96% yield of DMF. The catalysts have been characterized and are discussed. The reaction mechanism is also explored through capture of reaction intermediates. The analysis of the reaction mixture over different catalysts is presented and helps to understand the role of nickel and tungsten carbide during the reaction.
W ai Ni: A nickel–tungsten carbide on active carbon (Ni‐W2C/AC) catalyst converts the biomass platform molecule 5‐(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF) into the liquid fuel molecule 2,5‐dimethylfuran (DMF) via the intermediate 5‐methylfurfural. Synergy between the Ni and W2C components combines their hydrogenating and deoxygenating abilities and allows to achieve high yields of DMF.
This study aims to investigate the association between waist circumference and the development of hypertension based on a nationwide cohort Chinese population. A total of 5330 individuals free of ...hypertension at baseline were collected from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. The association between waist circumference and the development of hypertension was analyzed by an adjusted cox regression model and visualized by restricted cubic splines. Further, we applied the supervised machine learning methods to evaluate the importance of multiple variates for new‐onset hypertension. Additionally, the robustness of the association was assessed by a subgroup analysis. A total of 1490 individuals (28.0%) developed hypertension during a mean follow‐up of 3.32 years. The new‐onset hypertension was more observed in those with increased waist circumference (P for trend < .001). In the fully adjusted Cox regression, each 10 cm increase of waist circumference would result in an 18% elevated risk of hypertension. The random forest method and the Extreme Gradient Boosting method revealed waist circumference as an important feature to predict the development of hypertension. The sensitivity analysis indicated a consistent trend between waist circumference and new‐onset hypertension in all BMI categories. This study suggested high waist circumference as an independent risk factor for new‐onset hypertension based on a nationwide cohort of Chinese adults aged ≥45 years old. Our results supported that waist circumference should be routinely measured.
A catalytic transfer hydrogenation process was developed for the production of γ-valerolactone (GVL) from ethyl levulinate (EL) and a H-donor at room temperature. Ethyl levulinate was almost ...quantitatively converted to γ-valerolactone. Further, a two step process for producing GVL from biomass derived platform molecules was also reported.
Synthesizing noble metallic nanoparticles (NPs) enclosed by high‐index facets (HIFs) is challenged as it involves the tuning of growth kinetics, the selective adsorption of certain chemical species, ...and the epitaxial growth from HIF enclosed seeds. Herein, a simple and general strategy is reported by using dual reduction agents and dual capping agents to prepare Pt‐based alloy NPs with HIFs, in which both glycine and poly(vinylpyrrolidone) serve as the reductants and capping agents. Due to the facilely tunable growth/nucleation rates and protecting abilities of the reductants and capping agents, Pt concave nanocube (CNC), binary Pt–Ni CNC, ternary Pt–Mn–Cu CNC, and Pt–Mn–Cu ramiform polyhedron alloy NPs terminated by HIFs as well as other NPs with well‐defined morphologies such as Pt–Mn–Cu nanocube and Pt–Mn–Cu nanoflower are obtained with this approach. Owing to the high density of low‐coordinated Pt sites (HIF structure) and the unique electronic effect of Pt–Mn–Cu ternary alloys, the as‐prepared Pt–Mn–Cu NPs show enhanced catalytic activity toward methanol and formic acid electro‐oxidation reactions with excellent stability. This work provides a promising methodology for designing and fabricating Pt‐based alloy NPs as efficient fuel cell catalyst.
Novel platinum based alloy nanoparticles enclosed by high‐index facets are synthesized to efficiently catalyze methanol and formic acid electro‐oxidation reactions by rationally employing poly(vinylpyrrolidone) and glycine as dual reductants and dual protecting agents.
Just add oil: A new detergent‐free method was developed to synthesize lipidated proteins using a light‐activatable solubilizing side chain (in dashed circle, see scheme) to assist the ligation of the ...lipopeptides. This method allows the efficient preparation of a phosphatidylethanolamine‐conjugated autophagosomal marker protein (LC3‐II) as well as labeled derivatives of LC3‐II, which can be used to study autophagy regulation.
Consider an assignment of bits to the vertices of a connected graph
Γ
(
V
,
E
)
with the property that the value of each vertex is a function of the values of its neighbors. A collection of such ...assignments is called a storage code of length |
V
| on
Γ
. In this paper we construct an infinite family of linear storage codes on triangle-free graphs with rates arbitrarily close to one.
The aroma of an instant white tea (IWT) was extracted through simultaneous distillation-extraction (SDE) and analyzed by sensory evaluation, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry ...(GC-MS-O), aroma reconstruction, omission test and synergistic interaction analysis. Sensory evaluation showed the IWT was dominated with floral and sweet notes. The SDE extract had the aroma similar to the IWT. The main volatile components in the SDE extract were benzyl alcohol, linalool, hotrienol, geraniol, α-terpineol, coumarin, camphene, benzeneacetaldehyde, 2-hexanone,
-jasmin lactone and phenylethyl alcohol. GC-MS-O and aroma reconstruction experiments showed 16 aroma-active compounds. Linalool,
-β-damascenone and camphene were the major contributors to floral, sweet and green notes based on flavor dilution analysis and omission test. Linalool and
-β-damascenone had synergistic effect to promote floral and sweet notes. Camphene and
-β-damascenone had synergistic effect to reduce green and sweet notes. The study helps to understand the aroma of IWT and antagonism interactions among aroma-active volatiles.
Hyperactivated Ras regulates many oncogenic pathways in several malignant human cancers including glioblastoma and it is an attractive target for cancer therapies. Ras activation in cancer cells ...drives protein internalization via macropinocytosis as a key nutrient-gaining process. By utilizing this unique endocytosis pathway, here we create a biologically inspired nanostructure that can induce cancer cells to 'drink drugs' for targeting activating transcription factor-5 (ATF5), an overexpressed anti-apoptotic transcription factor in glioblastoma. Apolipoprotein E3-reconstituted high-density lipoprotein is used to encapsulate the siRNA-loaded calcium phosphate core and facilitate it to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, thus targeting the glioblastoma cells in a macropinocytosis-dependent manner. The nanostructure carrying ATF5 siRNA exerts remarkable RNA-interfering efficiency, increases glioblastoma cell apoptosis and inhibits tumour cell growth both in vitro and in xenograft tumour models. This strategy of targeting the macropinocytosis caused by Ras activation provides a nanoparticle-based approach for precision therapy in glioblastoma and other Ras-activated cancers.
Good solubility alone does not explain the performance of organic ionic bases in the room‐temperature coupling of aryl iodides and even bromides with aliphatic and aromatic amines and N‐heterocycles ...(NuH; see scheme). Conductivity measurements show that these organic ionic bases, which contain tetraalkylammonium or ‐phosphonium cations, are readily ionized in organic solvents.
Using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate the thermal transport in van der Waals heterostructures consisting of alternating multilayer graphene and multilayer MoS2. It is ...found that the thermal conductance at graphene/MoS2 (G/M) interface is much lower than that at graphene/graphene (G/G) and MoS2/MoS2 (M/M) interfaces. This low interfacial thermal conductance is attributed to the low friction at G/M interface, which significantly reduces the contribution of shearing modes to the thermal conductance. It is also found that there is no thermal rectification at the G/M interface as the thermal conductance is independent on the heat flux direction. Moreover, the interfacial thermal conductance can be effectively tuned by cross-plane strain. More specifically, a 5% tensile strain is able to reduce the interfacial thermal conductance by 70%; while a 5% compressive strain is able to increase the thermal conductance by 150%. Unexpectedly, the G/M interfacial thermal conductance is found to increase with increasing the defect density near the interface, which is in strong contrast to the in-plane thermal conductivity. This unexpected increase in thermal conductance can be explained by the enhanced phonon coupling at the G/M interface arising from the enhanced interface friction caused by the defects.
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