The land-rating measures land site productivity based on natural factors, including soil characteristics, climate, relief, and special impacts. The basic unit of administering land rating is the ...equal land-rating area. The establishment and upgrading took place over several years in the entire territory of Slovenia. The uniform layer of the equal land-rating area of the whole state is administered by the Surveying and Mapping Authority based on the proposal of the individual or ex officio. The uniform layer of equal land-rating area and database of land-rating values are public and used for land valuation purposes and for land management measures.
The paper describes the shapes and dimensions of parcels fordifferent types of land management. Firstly, various types ofland management are defined with a theoretical expression of side ratios, ...which should be used as a basis for drafting new parcels.In later parts of the paper, we discuss a compactness index,which is used to define the compactness of parcels and methods of calculating a compactness index by several authors. Based on the theoretical values of side ratios, we determined compactness index ranges for different types of land management. Our theoretical findings have been verified at the area of interest, i.e., part of the municipality of Stupava. Based on a comparison of the compactness index for parcels of respective owners before and after consolidation, we can evaluate any improvement of the compactness of parcels for their respective owners and, through improving the parcels’ compactness, we can improve land cultivation. Based on these calculations, we can also determine the percentage of parcels in the municipality based on side ratios before and after the consolidation process.
A Comparison of Cadastre in Slovakia and Poland Jurkiewicz, Magdalena; Hudecová, Ľubica; Kyseľ, Peter ...
Slovak journal of civil engineering,
03/2023, Letnik:
31, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Many analogies can be drawn from the cadastre in Poland and Slovakia, because of the partly shared history of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, World Wars I and II, and the influence of the Communist ...regime. However, its development over the years has taken different forms and rules of operation in both countries. Currently, from a European perspective, there are efforts to standardise cadastral systems to expand their functionality for land administration and to accommodate social needs.
The aim of this article is to discuss and provide a detailed comparative analysis of the general principles of the cadastre in Slovakia and Poland. The study shows similarities but also many differences between the systems in both countries, which indicates that it could be a difficult path to unify the cadastral systems within the European Union. A comparison of the solutions used in other countries allows us to see potential opportunities for the development and modernisation of the existing cadastral systems.
Municipalities have a great deal of interest in land consolidation. Deciding which municipality is going to be prioritized for land consolidation is not easy; a unified universal selection procedure ...does not currently exist. The article proposes a procedure for assessing land ownership in a municipality. Municipalities with the worst ratings should be prioritized for land consolidation. The selection of evaluation parameters and their classification into groups is the result of previous experience. The parameters cover a broad spectrum of variables, economic conditions, the spatial structure of the agricultural land, the fragmentation of land and land ownership, the ecological stability of the land, territorial endangerment as well as natural conditions, technical limitations, and other regional specifics. The proposed quantification of the status of real property can be used with the aim of prioritizing municipalities, even with a variable number of evaluation parameters. To test the proposed algorithm, analyses were carried out in three municipalities located in west Slovakia. The municipalities were ranked according to the need to perform land consolidation
Postoji nekoliko tehnika za održavanje katastarskih operata u Slovačkoj. Jedna je od njih obnova katastarskih operata. Proces obnove prijeko je potreban jer kvaliteta katastarskih planova nije ...zadovoljavajuća. Danas se može primijeniti samo jedna metoda – obnova katastarskog operata novim kartiranjem. Kartiranje trenutno nije popularno širom svijeta, no u Slovačkoj postoje problemi s nenumeričkim planovima kao i s nekim numeričkim planovima koje je također potrebno obraditi. Međutim, u slučaju numeričkih katastarskih planova s lokalnim pomacima taj bi proces bio neučinkovit pa je zbog toga predložen novi način njihove obnove – obnavljanje pomoću ispravaka. Glavno je načelo tog procesa transformacija dijela plana s lokalnim pomacima u ispravan položaj. Glavni je cilj ovog rada predložiti formalni proces obnavljanja pomoću ispravaka. Najprije su predloženi kriteriji za primjenu obnavljanja pomoću ispravaka. U sljedećem su dijelu opisani svi formalni koraci procesa.
The agricultural land (AL) needs to be protected due to the steady growth of the global population and the demand for the food, living, work and recreation. The legislation in the area of AL ...protection in Slovakia has had almost 70-year tradition and 5 regulations with various effectivity of protection have been passed. These regulations reflect the social relations, technical advance, legal culture, as well as the experience of lawmakers. The basic characteristics for the land protection were defined by the social relations in the country. The first years are characterized by the collectivization of land, which changed the individual private farmsteads to collective. The alignment of public and private legal interests in the agricultural sector was disrupted by decisions of the Communist party and the scientific view on the concept of land protection conflicted with the political interests. This 40-year period caused a disruption of the relationship between the farmers and the land, which has not been restored up to the present day. The transformational era is characterized by a downfall of big state farms and a transformation to the market economy. The agrarian policy after 1990 was dominated by a conflict between the efforts to restore the private farmsteads from the era before 1950 and the need to preserve the big agricultural companies, which would be adequately competitive in the free market. The last era is linked to the accession of the Slovak Republic to the European Union in 2004. Since this year, the concept of land protection has been synchronized with the scientific, political and legislative perception of land in the international area and the land protection has been a subject of a vast legal regulation. The degree of land protection is a result of multiple laws and lower regulations and decrees and their synergic effect is expected in the practice. The paper analyses 5 regulations which are focused on the AL protection, and its aim is to quantify the legislative protection level between years 1951 and 2020. The value of agricultural land protection index (ALPI) is increasing with time and it reflects the weak and strong aspects of the protection in the context of social, economic, and ecological potential of the land. The analysis monitors 107 directive, control, and economic tools for AL protection. The results are presented in graphs and the relevant information is highlighted and explained. The results show the favourable evolution of the land protection in Slovakia. In the discussion, there is a space for the effectiveness assessment of the observed regulations, for the comparison of the objectives of the individual regulations and the practical results of the effect of these regulations on social relations. The statistics of the land evolution in the observed 70-year period are good indicators for this purpose. Since the analysis shows the negatives of the regulations, it provides new impulses and can be inspiration for the lawmakers. The method used for the regulation assessment or the comparison of regulations can be applied in various fields of science.
•Land care is a manifestation of the state's advancement and the cultural level of its population.•The legislative effectiveness of regulations is determined by the advancement of the legal culture.•The regulations contain orders and obligations for the landowner, the fulfilment of which is controllable and enforceable.•Evolution of the area of cultivated agricultural landscape show the results of the influence of law on social relations.•The weaknesses and strengths of AL protection relate to the social, economic and ecological potential of the landscape.
This article investigates the land use and land cover (LULC) mosaic as a function of distance to the city centre. The research area is four Functional Urban Areas (FUAs) of the capitals of Central ...European countries: Czechia (Prague), Poland (Warsaw), Slovakia (Bratislava), and Hungary (Budapest). The article presents LULC mix changes in these FUAs in the context of transformations in urban cores and commuting zones of capital city metropolises, which have large populations and prominent positions in the country or region. The study makes use of Urban Atlas LULC data for 2006, 2012, and 2018. LULC change was analysed using a hexagonal tessellation with the hexagon as the basic spatial unit. Spatial entropy (ENT) and Simpson’s Diversity Index (SIDI) were employed. The change in ENT and SIDI were determined as a function of distance to urban cores, as well as changes on the first level of Urban Atlas nomenclature for 2006–2012 and 2012–2018, as well as on the third level of nomenclature for 2012–2018. The research shows that changes from 2006 to 2012 were more considerable than from 2012 to 2018. It also revealed that, if LULC classes are considered on the first level of nomenclature, diversity in urban cores grows and then declines in commuting zones. An analysis of diversity on the third level of nomenclature demonstrated its decline with the growing distance to the urban core. It has also been demonstrated that the mean values of ENT and SIDI are approximately twice as high in urban cores as in commuting zones, indicating a plateau of the mean value of ENT and SIDI over the study period in urban cores compared to an increase in commuting zones around them. The conducted research will be helpful to urban planners and decision-makers in directing the further, inevitable development of metropolitan areas in accordance with sustainable environmental management.
A cadastre is a system of major importance for the economy and for management strategies in support of sustainable development. Thus, its modernisation process (especially in the case of buildings) ...is extremely important. This study compared the results from the cadastre modernisation process of Poland and Slovakia, that is, countries with a different way of building development and different historical cadastral traditions. It was certain that in countries with dispersed development—such as Poland—the modernisation process could significantly change the cadastre’s picture. However, the analysis of the number of buildings in the cadastre after modernisation revealed a change of 3.048% for scattered development and only 6% for compact development. Thus, the urgent need to perform retrofits in countries with a scattered pattern of development was demonstrated. In addition, a comparative analysis proved that excessively frequent changes in the law cause the cadastre base to lose its validity. The Polish building cadastre has become a victim of such frequent changes in the law. It happened that just after the cadastre had been modernised at a high financial cost, the data on buildings collected in the cadastre became outdated as a result of a change in the law. Research highlighted that frequent changes and inconsistencies in the law result in a state of affairs in which activities that should be systemic and technical instead become activities that depend on political aspects.
Mapping as a Spatial Data Source Hudecová, Ľubica
Slovak journal of civil engineering,
03/2013, Letnik:
XXI, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
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The basic database for a geographic information system (BD GIS) forms the core of a national spatial data infrastructure. Nowadays decisions are being made about the potential data sources for ...additional data updates and refinement of the BD GIS. Will the data from departmental or other information system administrators serve for this purpose?
This paper gives an answer as to whether it is advisable to use “geodetic mapping” (the results realized in the process of land consolidation) or “cadastral mapping” (the results realized in the process of the renewal of cadastral documentation by new mapping) for additional data updates. In our analysis we focus on the quality parameters at the individual data element level, namely the positional accuracy, attribute accuracy, logical consistency, and data resolution. The results of the analysis are compared with the contents of the Object Class Catalog of BD GIS (OCC), which describes the group of objects managed by BD GIS and defines the data collection methods, types of geometry and its properties.
U katastru nekretnina u Slovačkoj postoji niz podataka različitog porijekla kao i različite kvalitete. Jedan od glavnih problema je kvaliteta katastarskih planova. Više od pola tih planova ne ...udovoljava današnjim zahtjevima evidentiranja nekretnina te ih je potrebno obnoviti. Ovaj se rad bavi analizom homogenosti, koja je prvi korak u obnavljanju numeričkoga katastarskog plana u vektorskom obliku. Numerički katastarski plan trebao bi biti najbolji jer je sastavljen od koordinata koje su rezultat numeričkog mjerenja, no na nekima od njih postoje različite lokalne deformacije. Na lokacijama s deformacijama postoje objekti u sloju POINTS gdje su pohranjene koordinate točaka određene GNSS-om. Prvi korak u obnavljanju tih planova je analiza homogenosti. Taj je korak vrlo važan jer je potrebno razumjeti kako se ponašaju lokalne deformacije u cijeloj katastarskoj jedinici te u kojim je dijelovima potrebna obnova. Analiza se sastoji u razmatranju broja objekata u sloju POINTS, izboru lokacija s lokalnim deformacijama, izračunavanju veličine i smjera lokalnih deformacija u odabranim točkama te u međusobnoj usporedbi lokacija. Analiza homogenosti dovodi do specifičnih metoda za obnovu numeričkoga katastarskog plana. To je rješenje za sljedeći korak obnove specifično za svaku katastarsku jedinicu.
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