This study aimed to externally validate the Birmingham Atypical Cartilage Tumour Imaging Protocol (BACTIP) recommendations for differentiation/follow-up of central cartilage tumours (CCTs) of the ...proximal humerus, distal femur, and proximal tibia and to propose BACTIP adaptations if the results provide new insights.
MRIs of 123 patients (45 ± 11 years, 37 men) with an untreated CCT with MRI follow-up (n = 62) or histopathological confirmation (n = 61) were retrospectively/consecutively included and categorised following the BACTIP (2003-2020 / Ghent University Hospital/Belgium). Tumour length and endosteal scalloping differences between enchondroma, atypical cartilaginous tumour (ACT), and high-grade chondrosarcoma (CS II/III/dedifferentiated) were evaluated. ROC-curve analysis for differentiating benign from malignant CCTs and for evaluating the BACTIP was performed.
For lesion length and endosteal scalloping, ROC-AUCs were poor and fair-excellent, respectively, for differentiating different CCT groups (0.59-0.69 versus 0.73-0.91). The diagnostic performance of endosteal scalloping and the BACTIP was higher than that of lesion length. A 1° endosteal scalloping cut-off differentiated enchondroma from ACT + high-grade chondrosarcoma with a sensitivity of 90%, reducing the potential diagnostic delay. However, the specificity was 29%, inducing overmedicalisation (excessive follow-up). ROC-AUC of the BACTIP was poor for differentiating enchondroma from ACT (ROC-AUC = 0.69; 95%CI = 0.51-0.87; p = 0.041) and fair-good for differentiation between other CCT groups (ROC-AUC = 0.72-0.81). BACTIP recommendations were incorrect/unsafe in five ACTs and one CSII, potentially inducing diagnostic delay. Eleven enchondromas received unnecessary referrals/follow-up.
Although promising as a useful tool for management/follow-up of CCTs of the proximal humerus, distal femur, and proximal tibia, five ACTs and one chondrosarcoma grade II were discharged, potentially inducing diagnostic delay, which could be reduced by adapting BACTIP cut-off values.
Mostly, Birmingham Atypical Cartilage Tumour Imaging Protocol (BACTIP) assesses central cartilage tumours of the proximal humerus and the knee correctly. Both when using the BACTIP and when adapting cut-offs, caution should be taken for the trade-off between underdiagnosis/potential diagnostic delay in chondrosarcomas and overmedicalisation in enchondromas.
• This retrospective external validation confirms the Birmingham Atypical Cartilage Tumour Imaging Protocol as a useful tool for initial assessment and follow-up recommendation of central cartilage tumours in the proximal humerus and around the knee in the majority of cases. • Using only the Birmingham Atypical Cartilage Tumour Imaging Protocol, both atypical cartilaginous tumours and high-grade chondrosarcomas (grade II, grade III, and dedifferentiated chondrosarcomas) can be misdiagnosed, excluding them from specialist referral and further follow-up, thus creating a potential risk of delayed diagnosis and worse prognosis. • Adapted cut-offs to maximise detection of atypical cartilaginous tumours and high-grade chondrosarcomas, minimise underdiagnosis and reduce potential diagnostic delay in malignant tumours but increase unnecessary referral and follow-up of benign tumours.
Objective
To identify which dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE-)MRI features best predict histological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with an osteosarcoma.
Methods
Patients with ...osteosarcoma who underwent DCE-MRI before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to resection were retrospectively included at two different centers. Data from the center with the larger cohort (training cohort) was used to identify which method for region-of-interest selection (whole slab or focal area method) and which change in DCE-MRI features (time to enhancement, wash-in rate, maximum relative enhancement and area under the curve) gave the most accurate prediction of histological response. Models were created using logistic regression and cross-validated. The most accurate model was then externally validated using data from the other center (test cohort).
Results
Fifty-five (27 poor response) and 30 (19 poor response) patients were included in training and test cohorts, respectively. Intraclass correlation coefficient of relative DCE-MRI features ranged 0.81–0.97 with the whole slab and 0.57–0.85 with the focal area segmentation method. Poor histological response was best predicted with the whole slab segmentation method using a single feature threshold, relative wash-in rate <2.3. Mean accuracy was 0.85 (95%CI: 0.75–0.95), and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-index) was 0.93 (95%CI: 0.86–1.00). In external validation, accuracy and AUC-index were 0.80 and 0.80.
Conclusion
In this study, a relative wash-in rate of <2.3 determined with the whole slab segmentation method predicted histological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in osteosarcoma. Consistent performance was observed in an external test cohort.
To assess the outcome of prostate cancer (PCa) patients diagnosed with oligometastatic disease at recurrence and treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT).
Non-castrate patients with up to 3 ...synchronous metastases (bone and/or lymph nodes) diagnosed on positron emission tomography - computed tomography, following biochemical recurrence after local curative treatment, were treated with (repeated) SBRT to a dose of 50 Gy in 10 fractions or 30 Gy in 3 fractions. Androgen deprivation therapy-free survival (ADT-FS) defined as the time interval between the first day of SBRT and the initiation of ADT was the primary endpoint. ADT was initiated if more than 3 metastases were detected during follow-up even when patients were still asymptomatic. Secondary endpoints were local control, progression free survival (PFS) and toxicity. Toxicity was scored using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events.
With a median follow-up from time of SBRT of 2 years, we treated 50 patients with 70 metastatic lesions with a local control rate of 100%. The primary involved metastatic sites were lymph nodes (54%), bone (44%), and viscera (2%). The median PFS was 19 mo (95% CI: 13-25 mo) with 75% of recurring patients having ≤3 metastases. A 2nd and 3rd course of SBRT was delivered in 19 and 6 patients respectively. This results in a median ADT-FS of 25 months (20-30 mo). On univariate analysis, only a short PSA doubling time was a significant predictor for both PFS (HR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.82 - 0.99) and ADT-FS (HR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.71 - 0.97). Ten patients (20%) developed toxicity following treatment, which was classified as grade I in 7 and grade II in 3 patients.
Repeated SBRT for oligometastatic prostate cancer postpones palliative androgen deprivation therapy with 2 years without grade III toxicity.
Background: A novel, biodegradable, aliphatic polyurethane scaffold was designed to fulfill an unmet clinical need in the treatment of patients with irreparable partial meniscal lesions.
Hypothesis: ...Treatment of irreparable partial meniscal lesions with an acellular polyurethane scaffold supports new tissue ingrowth.
Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4.
Methods: Fifty-two patients (with 34 medial and 18 lateral lesions) were recruited into a prospective, single-arm, multicenter, proof-of-principle study and treated with the polyurethane scaffold. The scaffold was implanted after partial meniscectomy using standard surgeon-preferred techniques for suturing. Tissue ingrowth was assessed at 3 months by dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) and at 12 months by gross examination during second-look arthroscopy, in the course of which a biopsy sample from the inner free edge of the scaffold meniscus was taken for qualitative histologic analysis.
Results: Tissue ingrowth at 3 months was demonstrated on DCE-MRI in 35 of 43 (81.4%) patients. All but one 12-month second-look (43 of 44 97.7%) showed integration of the scaffold with the native meniscus and all biopsy specimens (44) showed fully vital material, with no signs of cell death or necrosis. Three distinct layers were observed based on morphologic structure, vessel structure presence or absence, and extracellular matrix composition.
Conclusion: The DCE-MRI demonstrated successful early tissue ingrowth into the scaffold. The biopsy findings demonstrated the biocompatibility of the scaffold and ingrowth of tissue with particular histologic characteristics suggestive of meniscus-like tissue. In conclusion, these data show for the first time consistent regeneration of tissue when using an acellular polyurethane scaffold to treat irreparable partial meniscus tissue lesions.
Objective
The role of the syndesmotic ankle ligaments as extrinsic stabilizers of the distal tibiofibular joint (DTFJ) has been studied extensively in patients with high ankle sprains (HAS). However, ...research concerning the fibular incisura as intrinsic stabilizer of the DTFJ has been obscured by a two-dimensional assessment of a three-dimensional structure. Therefore, we aimed to compare the morphometry of the incisura fibularis between patients with HAS and a control group using three-dimensional radiographic techniques.
Materials and methods
Fifteen patients with a mean age of 44 years (SD = 15.2) diagnosed with an unstable HAS and twenty-five control subjects with a mean age of 47.4 years (SD = 6.5) were analyzed in this retrospective comparative study. The obtained CT images were converted to three-dimensional models, and the following radiographic parameters of the incisura fibularis were determined using three-dimensional measurements: incisura width, incisura depth, incisura height, incisura angle, incisura width-depth ratio, and incisura-tibia ratio.
Results
The mean incisura depth (M = 4.7 mm, SD = 1.1 mm), incisura height (M = 36.1 mm, SD = 5.3 mm), and incisura angle of the control group (M = 137.2°, SD = 7.9°) differed significantly from patients with a HAS (resp., M = 3.8 mm, SD = 1.1 mm; M = 31.9 mm, SD = 3.2 mm; M = 143.2°, SD = 8.3°) (
P <
0.05). The incisura width, incisura width-depth ratio, and incisura-tibia ratio demonstrated no significant difference (
P >
0.05).
Conclusion
Our three-dimensional comparative analysis has detected a shallower and shorter fibular incisura in patients with HAS. This distinct morphology could have repercussion on the intrinsic or osseous stability of the DTFJ. Future prospective radiographic assessment could determine to what extend the fibular incisura morphology contributes to syndesmotic ankle injuries caused by high ankle sprains.
Purpose In this imaging study, the radial displacement of meniscal allograft transplants (MATs), inserted with 2 different techniques, namely open soft-tissue fixation and arthroscopic bone tunnel ...fixation, was compared 1 year postoperatively. Methods In this study, 37 patients received MATs: 16 MATs (10 lateral and 6 medial) were inserted by an open soft-tissue technique (open MATs), whereas 21 MATs (14 lateral and 7 medial) were implanted by an arthroscopic bone tunnel procedure (arthroscopic MATs). Radial displacement, in millimeters, was evaluated 1 year postoperatively on 1.5-T magnetic resonance images. The number of MATs with radial displacement larger or smaller than 3 mm was determined. To compare radial displacement of open versus arthroscopic MATs, the Mann-Whitney U test was used. Results The radial displacement of open lateral and medial MATs was significantly larger (all reported P < .02) than that of arthros-copic MATs. In all cases, both open and arthroscopic, the radial displacement of MATs was significantly larger (all reported P < .007) than that of normal menisci. Radial displacement of less than 3 mm was found in 0 of 6 patients with open medial MATs versus 6 of 7 patients with arthroscopic MATs and was found in 1 of 10 patients with open lateral MATs versus 4 of 14 patients with arthroscopic MATs. Conclusions The radial displacement of MATs arthroscopically inserted with bone tunnel fixation is significantly less than the radial displacement of MATs inserted with open soft-tissue fixation. In addition, normal menisci displace significantly less than meniscal allografts. The clinical importance of radial displacement remains to be determined. Level of Evidence Level III, retrospective comparative study.
Sacral Tumours on MRI: A Pictorial Essay Vanheule, Eva; Huysse, Wouter; Herregods, Nele ...
Journal of the Belgian Society of Radiology,
11/2019, Letnik:
103, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Tumours of the sacrum can be primary or secondary. Since the sacrum is rich in haematopoietic bone marrow, bone metastases are the most frequent aetiologies. However, tumours can arise from all ...components of the sacrum and primary bone tumours should be considered in case of a solitary lesion and absence of oncologic history. As the clinical signs are usually non-specific, magnetic resonance imaging has become an indispensable tool in narrowing the differential diagnosis and determining the therapeutic approach. This pictorial essay illustrates specific features of the most common sacral tumours on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging.
Objective
To determine if MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) of the femoral condyles in children can differentiate variations in ossification from osteochondritis dissecans (OCD).
Methods
MRI studies ...of the knee of 315 patients demonstrated ossification defects of the femoral condyles involving the subchondral bone plate. MRI features categorized the defects as ossification variability (
N
= 150) or OCD (
N
= 165). Both groups were compared for age, residual physeal cartilage, site, configuration, ‘lesion angle’ and associated findings.
Results
(a) Ossification variability did not occur in girls >10 year. and boys >13 year., OCD did not occur in children younger than 8 year. (b) Ossification variability was not seen in patients with 10% or less residual physeal cartilage, OCD was rare in patients with 30% or greater residual physeal cartilage. (c) Ossification variability was located in the posterior third of the femoral condyle, OCD occurred most commonly in the middle third. (d) Intracondylar extension was seen in OCD and not in ossification variability. (e) Perilesional oedema was very common with OCD and absent with ossification variability. (f) Lesion angle <105° was a feature of ossification variability.
Conclusion
MRI may help differentiate variations in ossification of the femoral condyles from OCD.
Abstract Background In this pilot study we wanted to evaluate the kinematics of a knee implanted with an artificial polycarbonate-urethane meniscus device, designed for medial meniscus replacement. ...The static kinematic behavior of the implant was compared to the natural medial meniscus of the non-operated knee. A second goal was to evaluate the motion pattern, the radial displacement and the deformation of the meniscal implant. Methods Three patients with a polycarbonate-urethane implant were included in this prospective study. An open-MRI was used to track the location of the implant during static weight-bearing conditions, within a range of motion of 0° to 120° knee flexion. Knee kinematics were evaluated by measuring the tibiofemoral contact points and femoral roll-back. Meniscus measurements (both natural and artificial) included anterior–posterior meniscal movement, radial displacement, and meniscal height. Findings No difference ( P > 0.05) was demonstrated in femoral roll-back and tibiofemoral contact points during knee flexion between the implanted and the non-operated knees. Meniscal measurements showed no significant difference in radial displacement and meniscal height ( P > 0.05) at all flexion angles, in both the implanted and non-operated knees. A significant difference ( P ≤ 0.05) in anterior–posterior movement during flexion was observed between the two groups. Interpretation In this pilot study, the artificial polycarbonate-urethane implant, indicated for medial meniscus replacement, had no influence on femoral roll-back and tibiofemoral contact points, thus suggesting that the joint maintains its static kinematic properties after implantation. Radial displacement and meniscal height were not different, but anterior–posterior movement was slightly different between the implant and the normal meniscus.
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