Background and Study Aim. The inclusion of beach volleyball in the program of the Olympic Games gave some impetus to the development of scientific research on various problems of training athletes. ...Most of the research results are presented in journals included in the Web of Science Core Collection. However, the publication of research results in journals from national databases remains outside the scope of this database. The aim of this study is to systematically review the scientific literature on various beach volleyball issues in Russian-language scientific resources.
Material and Methods. The sources of information were the authoritative database Web of Science Core Collection, Russian Science Citation Index, Scientific Electronic Library eLIBRARY.RU (Russia), National Repositary of Academic Texts (Ukraine). Data extraction from these databases was carried out using the keywords “volleyball” / “beach”. A total of 1,875 documents were found for the keyword “volleyball”. Of these, the keyword “beach” - 273 documents. Further analysis was carried out on 273 documents. The search query results were recorded in the form of tables and a special text file, which were processed in the VOSviewer 1.6.17 program.
Results. The most significant and more popular subject categories, journals, authors, articles, keywords have been identified. The relationship between keywords and individual groups of publications has been established. A method for extracting data from the Scientific Electronic Library eLIBRARY.RU in a semiautomatic mode is presented. The trends in the development of beach volleyball in various aspects of the training of elite athletes and the sports reserve, the health-improving function of beach volleyball for youth are shown.
Conclusions. Differences in the content of research between Russian-language and English-language resources are a good complement to each other. This fact may contribute to solving the problems of beach volleyball and international cooperation of researchers.
Background and Study Aim. In the context of youth sports development, it is imperative to emphasize the critical importance of a comprehensive understanding of coordinating orientation training in ...young female volleyball players. Given the significant variations in physical and neurological growth patterns within this age group, addressing the methodological nuances of tailored training programs becomes paramount. This study aims to substantiate specific methodological approaches for planning coordination training among young female volleyball players, with a keen focus on accommodating the unique intricacies of their developmental journey.
Material and Methods. Participants in this study included female volleyball players aged 10 (n=25), 11 (n=20), 12 (n=30), and 13 (n=20). The second phase of the study involved the analysis of four years of observations of female volleyball players aged 14 to 17 (n=24), who were carefully selected from a large pool of young candidates. Prior to their participation, both the children and their parents were provided with detailed information about the study, and informed consent was obtained. In the study, a series of tests were utilized, including “Backward Throw to Target”, “Stepping over a gymnastics stick”, “'Running to numbered balls”, and “Backward Shuttle Run (3x10 m)”. An expert assessment was conducted, involving the participation of highly qualified specialists (n=25).
Results. The study has demonstrated a substantial increase in coordination abilities among female volleyball players aged 10 to 17. A significant improvement was observed in kinesthetic differentiation abilities (2.3 times). A somewhat smaller increase was noted in their abilities to coordinate and restructure movements and spatial orientation (1.4-1.6 times). The most pronounced and statistically significant improvements were observed in the age group of 10 to 12 years. Changes in volleyball players aged from 12 to 13 and from 13 to 14 in tests assessing the development of spatial orientation and coordination of movements were less apparent. Motor coordination indicators improved significantly in the age group of 14 to 16.
Conclusions. The identification of age-related characteristics in the development of coordination abilities is crucial for implementing the principle of aligning biological development with pedagogical and training methods. Understanding the various ontogenetic stages is essential for effectively managing the long-term athletic development of young female volleyball players.
Background and study aim. Prerequisites and purpose of the study. Today, philosophical anthropology (in the context of physical culture) occupies an intermediate place between the biological sciences ...and existential philosophy, elements of which it uses to explain the problems of physical existence. In the deep spheres of the physical state of a man (in the continuum of his/her spiritual-moral, physical, subconscious-rational, irrational and anthrobiological subjectivity) one can find the true foundations of personal physical culture and give them an immanent-subjective expression of human strength (as a creator of culture globalized world). The purpose of the study is to characterize the physical culture of the individual in the context of philosophical anthropology. Material and methods. Sources of information were the authoritative database Web of Science Core Collection, Vernadskyi National Library of Ukraine. Extraction of data from documents was carried out by means of a search query. In total, data on 102 documents containing such keywords as philosophy, anthropology, physical culture, sport were removed from the Web of Science Core Collection. Accordingly, 18 documents were found in the catalogues of the Vernadskyi National Library of Ukraine. Further analysis was performed with these 120 documents. The results of the search query were recorded in the form of tables and a special text file, which was processed in VOSviewer. The requirements of dialectical logic, comparative method, method of phenomenological reduction, hermeneutic methods are chosen by research methods. Results. The most significant and popular thematic categories, journals, authors, articles, keywords are identified. The connection between the elements of bibliographic description of articles and individual groups of publications has been established. It is established that from the second quarter of the XX century among philosophers there is opposition to the understanding of human nature on the basis of the acceptance of some one of its essence (spiritual, physical, intellectual, emotional and volitional, etc.), which determines the existence of any person. This was a denial of the approach to a man, which was called essential (from the Latin essentia – essence). The result of this transformation was to establish an existential understanding of a man (from the Latin existentia - existence). However, a self-contained existential approach is capable of producing a worldview distortion of personal physical culture, especially in conditions of restriction of freedom (for example, during a pandemic, war). Therefore, in modern philosophical anthropology it is necessary to adhere to a balanced combination of essential and existential understanding of a man in general and his/her physical culture in particular. In this way, philosophical anthropology is able to actualize various structures of worldview, including the values of physical culture. Conclusions. From the point of view of modern philosophical anthropology, athletes, in the broadest sense of the term (all those who purposefully engage in physical and sports exercises), are carriers of a set of socio-cultural values (moral and volitional qualities, morpho-functional properties, psychophysical abilities, etc.). These values, in the context of the globalization of civilizational development and the main axiological concepts (quality and standard of living, social order, well-being), should be considered as a means of activating planetary socio-cultural development.
Background and Study Aim. An important element in the system of museum activities are approaches to attracting visitors. Among these approaches, one can single out the dialogue of the museum with ...visitors through specially organized active motor actions. Such actions have certain parameters (the nature of physical activity and its age-appropriateness, intensity, duration, etc.), which can influence the perception and evaluation of exhibits and the decision of visitors to return to the museum. The purpose of the study is an attempt to explain how specially organized active motor actions of visitors affect the perception and evaluation of museum exhibits and getting satisfaction from visiting.
Material and Methods. Publications from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoS) were selected as the source of information. The search was carried out using keywords that characterize the interaction of visitors with the subject-spatial environment of the museum. The VOSviewer program was used to analyze the relationships between documents retrieved from WoS.
Results. It is argued that the sedentary behavior of visitors, typical for many museums, does not contribute to their involvement in the museum space and the creation of meaning in museums. It is noted that an important aspect in the organization of special motor actions of visitors is the orientation to their motivation and interpretation of movements in the museum exhibits. The optimal level of physical activity has been identified. It creates a comfortable feeling and contributes to an adequate perception of the exhibits and corresponds to the main mission of the museum.
Conclusions. Specially organized motor actions form the maximum motivation for visitors to study the museum exhibits. Such movements carry a certain semantic character of the theme of the museum.
Background and Study Aim. The purpose of the study was to determine the ratio between means of teaching and motor training in junior school physical education classes.
Materials and methods. The ...study involved 32 boys who were 8 years old at the beginning of the experiment. They were randomly divided into four groups of eight people each. A pedagogical experiment was conducted using a 22 full factorial design. The study recorded the following indicators: number of repetitions required to teach exercises; grade for a unidirectional movement coordination exercise (test 1); grade for a multidirectional movement coordination exercise (test 2); error in time accuracy of performing the squat thrust (test 3); error in time accuracy of 5 jumps on marks in 5 s (test 4); error in assessing muscular effort with visual control (test 5); vestibular stability, error (test 6). The obtained experimental material was processed statistically using statistical analysis software packages (SPSS 20).
Results. According to the logistic function analysis, the achievement of an optimal result in differentiating temporal characteristics of movement requires 8.5 months, strength characteristics of movement – 8 months, movement coordination – 8 months, vestibular analyzer stability – 10 months. It takes 3 to 5 months to obtain positive increases in testing results in boys aged 8-9. The ratio of time allotted for strength training (ST) and coordination training (CT) to teaching motor actions (TMA) varies as 1:4 (ST: TMA) and 1:4.5 (CT: TMA).
Conclusions. The ratio of time allotted for strength training, coordination training, and teaching to the time of the main part of the class ranges between 14.3-23.5% (strength training), 17.1-23.5% (coordination training), and 53.0-68.6% (teaching). As exercises become more complicated, the time allotted for strength and coordination training increases.
The purpose of the study was to obtain regression models of immediate and delayed training effect of strength loads in boys aged 8 years, based on a full factorial experiment. Materials and methods. ...The study participants were 48 boys aged 8 years. The experiment was performed using a 22 factorial design. The study materials were processed by the IBM SPSS 22 statistical analysis program. The study examined the impact of four variants of strength load on the immediate (ITE) and the delayed (DTE) training effect of orthogonal strength exercises modes and rest intervals in boys aged 8 years. Results. The study results show that in the proposed matrix of the 22 full factorial design, the chosen step of variation of factors is sufficient to study the influence of different modes of strength exercises on the dynamics of ITE in boys aged 8 years. Based on the data analysis, the study obtained regression models of load for calculating the ITE1, ITE2, and DTE. The obtained regression models make it possible to calculate the number of repetitions and rest interval to achieve the most rational load variant. Conclusions. The analysis of regression equations shows the interrelation between training effects: ITE1 —> ITE2 —> DTE. The value of ITE1, ITE2, and DTE at station I (exercises to strengthen arms and shoulders) and station II (exercises to strengthen abdominal muscles) depends on the increase in the number of repetitions in a set and the duration of the rest interval. The value of ITE1, ITE2 at station ІІІ (exercises to strengthen back muscles) depends on the increase in the number of repetitions in a set and the duration of the rest interval. The value of DTE – on the increase in the number of repetitions in a set and the reduction of the rest interval duration. The value of ITE1 at station IV (exercises to strengthen leg muscles) depends on the increase in the number of repetitions in a set and the reduction of the rest interval duration. To strengthen the DTE, it is necessary to reduce the number of repetitions in a set and the duration of the rest interval.
Background and Study Aim. The study purpose was to determine the effect of exercise performance modes on the effectiveness of teaching the vault to 8-year-old boys.
Materials and methods. The study ...participants were 32 boys aged 8 who were divided into 4 groups of 8 pesons. The children and their parents were informed about all the features of the study and gave their consent to participate in the experiment. The pedagogical experiment investigated the effect of the number of sets (х1), the number of repetitions in a set (х2), and a 60-second rest time on the change in the gain in the level of proficiency of 8-year-old boys in straddle vault over the buck. A method of algorithmic instructions was used in the training. The participants proceeded to the next exercise after three successful attempts.
Results. Statistical analysis of the significance of the discriminant functions showed that the first function explains 81.2% of the data variation and has a high canonical correlation value (r = 0.751). The first function has a high discriminative ability (λ = 0.332, p < 0.021) and can be used to classify the modes of physical exercise performance in the process of formation of motor skills.
Conclusions. The use of multivariate statistics makes it possible to determine the structure of the training program, confirm the effectiveness of the selection of motor tasks, and classify the modes of physical exercise performance during the training process. The best mode of physical exercise performance in teaching the vault to 8-year-old boys is 12 sets of 3 repetitions with a rest time of 60 seconds.
Background and Study Aim. The work aim is to develop and experimentally test the combined impact method performance in the preparatory period of the annual macrocycle of 18–19 year old volleyball ...players (girls).
Material and Methods. The study involved volleyball players (girls) aged 18–19 years old (n = 24, training experience – 9 years). Volleyball players (girls) were divided into control (n = 12) and experimental (n = 12) groups.
Results. The method contributed to a higher rate of growth of most parameters of special readiness among volleyball players (girls) of the experimental group. A significant improvement in special readiness (p <0.05) was revealed for all parameters in both groups. In the experimental group, an improvement (p <0.001) was observed for 8 out of 11 parameters. In the control group, a significant improvement in the results (p <0.001) occurred in 3 cases out of 11. A significant improvement in speed and strength training parameters (p <0.001) was revealed: in 3 out of 4 cases (experimental group); in 1 out of 4 cases (control group). The quality of performance of the game basic techniques improved by: 4–22% (p <0.04–0.001 in experimental group) 4–11% (p <0.05–0.02 in control group).
Conclusions. It is advisable to devote more time to the development of more significant motor abilities of volleyball players (girls) (speed, speed and strength, dexterity and coordination). It is advisable to improve endurance in combination with the development of other motor abilities and in the process of technical and tactical improvement. In the physical training of volleyball players (girls), it is advisable to use as many training means as possible, which are similar to the main game techniques according to spatio–temporal and dynamic characteristics. Movements with load contribute to the development of intermuscular coordination and allow to quickly form the correct idea of the trained motor action.
The purpose of this paper is to determine the impact of strength training modes on the dynamics of training effects in 8-year-old boys.
Materials and methods. The study participants were 48 boys ...aged 8. The experiment was performed using a 22 factorial design. The study implemented the first variant of the combined method for developing arm and shoulder muscles (station І), strength of abdominal muscles (station ІІ), strength of back muscles (station ІІІ), and strength of leg muscles (station IV). The study materials were processed using the IBM SPSS 22 statistical analysis program. Discriminant analysis was performed. The study examined the impact of four variants of strength load on the immediate training effect (ITE1) after performing exercises at four stations, the immediate training effect (ITE2) after training, and the delayed training effect (DTE) 24 hours after training.
Results. The findings indicate that each of the variants of strength load can be effectively used depending on educational objectives of both one or a series of physical education lessons, and also show that the ITE and DTE of strength training depend on the initial level of fitness and the total amount of strength training in a physical education lesson.
Conclusions. The findings point to the possibility of using a discriminant function to assess and predict the development of strength in 8-year-old boys. The study confirmed the effectiveness of using factorial designs to obtain objective data on the dynamics of training effects in primary school pupils.
Background and Study Aim. The importance of psychophysiological features in optimizing the functional state of athletes is beyond doubt. The aim of this study was a comparative analysis of the ...psychophysiological features of taekwondo athletes of different age groups.
Material and Methods. The study involved 42 taekwondo athletes, skill level 2 Gup – 1 Dan. The participants were divided into groups of 14 people. Group 1 – (7.50±0.14) years, Group 2 – (10.07±0.22) years, Group 3 – (13.36±0.27) years. A special computer program for devices with the iOS operating system was used. The Apple iPad, 4th generation with a screen diagonal of 9.7 inches was used. The following tests were used: reaction choice (RC), reaction to a moving object (RMO) and size test (ST). The results of the groups were compared using the nonparametric Rosenbaum test (Q), and the Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was determined.
Results. RMO test results in group 2 were significantly better than those in group 1 (Q=12, p<0.01). A similar correlation was determined for RC (Q=14, p<0.01) and ST (Q=15, p<0.01). When analyzing the frequency of incorrect reactions in RMO, it was found that athletes in the 1st group lagged behind more often (Q=6, p<0.05). A comparison of groups 2 and 3 confirmed that senior athletes had better results in RC (Q=11, p<0.01). For all tests used, the best results of group 3 compared with group 1 was determined: for RMO Q=16, (p<0.01), for RC Q=22, (p<0.01), for ST Q=20, (p<0.01). Senior athletes often had an anticipatory reaction in RMO, (Q=7, p<0.05). Significant correlations (p<0.05) were determined in group 1 between age and frequencies of anticipatory (r=-0.57) and lagging reactions (r=0.57), RMO and RC (r=0.63), RC and frequencies of anticipatory reactions (r=0.57) and lagging reactions (r=-0.57). In group 3, significant correlations were determined between age and RC (r=-0.59), RMO and RC (r=0.76), age and ST (r=-0.53), RMO and ST (r=0.65), RC and ST (r =0.79).
Conclusions. A change in the speed of reaction to various stimuli of taekwondo athletes of different ages has been confirmed. An increase in age and training experience improves the reaction rate. This dependence is most pronounced when comparing junior and senior athletes. The determined correlations between all tests used also reflect the improvement in the psychophysiological state of the athletes with increasing age. The tests used are characterized by accessibility, specificity, informativeness and financial feasibility. The results obtained allow for recommending their use in monitoring the state of martial arts athletes.
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