Highlights • The HDBm projection pattern in layers Ia and II/III of the RSG coincided with the distribution of cholinergic axons. • α7nAChRs are localized on somatodendrites within subpopulations of ...PV- and GAD-stained neurons in layers I–III of the RSG. • The reelin-positive interneurons localized in layer I of the RSG express αBTX-binding sites.
We have used the relativistic multi-reference Moller-Plesset perturbation theory to calculate the positions of the dielectronic satellite transitions involving doubly excited 3scriptl3scriptl' ...configurations that are associated with the X-ray spectrum of Fe XVII. A comparison of these positions with the wavelengths employed in astrophysical modeling codes shows discrepancies of up to 36 mAngstrom. Inspection of the spectrum of Capella recorded with the high energy transmission grating on the Chandra X-Ray Observatory reveals several features enhanced by Fe XVI lines formed by dielectronic recombination, one of which may be of future diagnostic use as it is fairly well isolated and in large part formed by dielectronic recombination.
To evaluate the effect of IM administration of three sedative drugs, acepromazine, alfaxalone and dexmedetomidine, in combination with morphine, on the size of the feline spleen using ...ultrasonography.
Twenty-four client-owned cats undergoing elective de-sexing or minor procedures were recruited for a focused ultrasonographic examination of the spleen prior to and at 10, 20 and 30 minutes following administration of one of three randomly assigned IM sedation protocols: 0.05 mg/kg acepromazine (ACE group), 3 mg/kg alfaxalone (ALF group), or 10 μg/kg dexmedetomidine (DEX group), in combination with 0.5 mg/kg morphine. B-mode images of the spleen were collected and measured following a standardised protocol. Cardiorespiratory parameters and sedation score were also recorded. Mean thickness of the head, body and tail of the spleen for each group at 10, 20 and 30 minutes after drug administration was compared to baseline.
Mean splenic thickness increased over time in the ACE group (thickness of body at T0 = 8.9 (SE 2.1) mm and at T30 = 10.5 (SE 2.0) mm; p = 0.001) and the ALF group (thickness of body at T0 = 8.8 (SE 1.0) mm and at T30 = 10.3 (SE 1.7) mm; p = 0.022) but not in the DEX group (thickness of body at T0 = 8.6 mm (1.2) and at T30 = 8.9 mm (0.6); p = 0.67). Mean arterial blood pressure in the DEX group was significantly higher than in the other groups (p = 0.002). Sedation scores in the DEX group were consistently high for the entire period. However, the sedation score in the ACE group increased over 30 minutes (p = 0.007). Sedation score in the ALF group was highest at 10 minutes but gradually decreased over the following 20 minutes (p = 0.003).
Sedation with IM dexmedetomidine and morphine did not change splenic size, whereas acepromazine or alfaxalone and morphine increased it regardless of the degree of sedation.
Where splenomegaly is identified in a cat sedated with acepromazine or alfaxalone, the effects of the sedation protocol could be considered as a possible cause.
We have proposed a new approach to tune the operation wavelength of Franz-Keldysh Ge electro-absorption modulation in Si photonics by controlling the local strain environment to cover the whole range ...of C + L bands (1.53 - 1.62 μm). The present paper shows a proof of strain-tuning modulator concept by the shift of the Ge absorption edge using SiN(x) stressor films and Franz-Keldysh effect in strain-controlled Ge.
One-dimensional stress dependence on the fundamental absorption edge of pure germanium (Ge) waveguide has theoretically and experimentally been studied, considering built-in two-dimensional ...stress-tensile Ge grown on Si. Based on the results, we have designed Ge Franz-Keldysh (FK) electroabsorption (EA) modulators to work at 1550 nm. Application of one-dimensional 110 compressive stress above -350 MPa on a pure Ge -110 waveguide should allow 1550 nm light transmission, unless otherwise a pure Ge modulator can only operate at 1600 nm or longer due to the built-in two-dimensional tensile stress in Ge. The prediction has experimentally been verified using a SiNx stressor film. This concludes that the presented stress-tuning approach of the pure Ge waveguides should expand the operation wavelength of Ge FK-EA modulators to C band. Since stress tuning can be locally done in the back-end-of-line of complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process, the presented stress-tuning method should enable "field-programable" control of the operation wavelengths of the monolithically integrated Ge modulators in Si photonics platform.
Typically, patients with progressive neuromuscular disorders (NMDs) develop acute respiratory failure (ARF), are intubated, and when failing spontaneous breathing trials (SBTs) undergo a tracheotomy ...and receive tracheostomy mechanical ventilation (TMV). However, increasing numbers of patients use nasal noninvasive ventilation (NIV), initially for sleep and this is extended to continuous dependence (CNVS). This can be used as a strategy to assist in successful extubation . We retrospectively reviewed 19 centers offering CNVS and mechanical insufflation-exsufflation (MI-E) as an alternative to TMV.
Centers with publications or presentations concerning CNVS outcomes data were pooled for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), and spinal muscular atrophy type 1 (SMA1). Progression to CNVS dependence without hospitalization, duration of dependence, and extubations and decannulations to CNVS were recorded. Prolongation of life was defined by duration of CNVS dependence without ventilator free breathing ability (VFBA).
There were 1623 part time (<23 h/day) NVS users with ALS, DMD, and SMA1 from 19 centers in 16 countries of whom 761 (47%) were CNVS dependent for 2218 patient-years. This included: 335 ALS patients for a mean 1.2 ± 1.0 (range to 8) years each; 385 DMD patients for 5.4 ± 1.6 (range to 29) years; and 41 SMA1 patients for 5.9 ± 1.8 (range to 20) years. Thirty-five DMD and ALS TMV users were decannulated to CNVS and MI-E. At data collection 494 (65%) patients were CNVS dependent but 110 (74 of whom with bulbar ALS), had undergone tracheotomies.
ALS, DMD, and SMA1 patients can become CNVS dependent without requiring hospitalization but CNVS cannot be used indefinitely for many patients with advanced upper motor neuron diseases.
A significant feature of the genomes of Lepidoptera, butterflies and moths, is the high conservation of chromosome organization. Recent remarkable progress in genome sequencing of Lepidoptera has ...revealed that syntenic gene order is extensively conserved across phylogenetically distant species. The ancestral karyotype of Lepidoptera is thought to be n=31; however, that of the most well-studied moth, Bombyx mori, is n=28, and diverse studies suggest that three chromosomal fusion events occurred in this lineage. To identify the boundaries between predicted ancient fusions involving B. mori chromosomes 11, 23 and 24, we constructed fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)-based chromosome maps of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (n=31). We first determined a 511 Mb genomic sequence of the Asian corn borer, O. furnacalis, a congener of O. nubilalis, and isolated bacterial artificial chromosomes and fosmid clones that were expected to localize in candidate regions for the boundaries using these sequences. Combined with FISH and genetic analysis, we narrowed down the candidate regions to 40 kb-1.5 Mb, in strong agreement with a previous estimate based on the genome of a butterfly, Melitaea cinxia. The significant difference in the lengths of the candidate regions where no functional genes were observed may reflect the evolutionary time after fusion events.
Oligopeptide permease A (OppA) plays an important role in cell nutrition, uptake of cell wall peptides, and various signaling processes. In
Thermococcales
, OppA is a major protein present in ...membrane vesicles, suggesting that archaeal OppAs may be involved in processes other than peptide scavenging. No structural studies of archaeal OppAs have been reported to date. In this study, OppA of the thermophilic archaeon
Thermococcus kodakaraensis
was expressed in
Escherichia coli
and purified after a series of purification steps. According to mass spectrometry and N-terminal amino acid sequencing, the initial methionine of the purified protein was mainly processed. OppA mixed with the peptide bradykinin was crystallized by sitting-drop vapor-diffusion method. The crystal belonged to
P
2
1
2
1
2
1
space group with the unit-cell parameters
a
= 84.06 Å,
b
= 109.62 Å,
c
= 75.07 Å.
This study investigates the phenomenon of water freezing below the freezing point in polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFCs). Water generated on the surface of the catalyst layer was observed ...simultaneously with visible and infrared images. Surprisingly, it was found that water generated below the freezing point is in the liquid state and that the temperature rises to 0
°C at the time of freezing. It is generally known that heat of solidification is radiated when water in a super-cooled state starts to freeze. This study shows that water generated below the freezing point in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) is in a super-cooled state.
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