Subjective income, as measured by self-perceived financial sufficiency, is a critical determinant of well-being, including an individual’s health and quality of life. This study investigates ...self-perceived financial sufficiency among the elderly population in Croatia and its demographic and socioeconomic correlates, drawing on data from a 2022 survey conducted as part of the SENIOR2030 project. Our findings reveal significant variations in self-perceived financial sufficiency across Croatian regions, age groups, duration of working life and other socioeconomic factors, with household characteristics playing an important role. Additionally, we found that objective income is positively associated with self-perceived financial sufficiency among the elderly in Croatia. As Croatia’s population ages and single-person households become more prevalent, understanding how the elderly perceive their financial status and its impact on their quality of life is becoming increasingly important. While objective and subjective measures of income differ, both have significant and sometimes diverse effects on behaviour and well-being. Research surveys often use questions about self-perceived financial sufficiency, providing valuable insights for informing public policies aimed at improving the well-being of the elderly population. Our findings contribute to the growing literature on the importance of subjective measures of income and their relationship with well-being among the elderly with some comparable results identified in other European countries. Keywords: subjective income, elderly population, socio-economic characteristics.
Despite considerable improvements in electricity coverage, millions of people are still lacking the access to electricity. Residential electricity access is a prerequisite for numerous aspects of ...increased well-being and quality of life. The aim of this paper is to identify key household characteristics that are linked to the energy poverty measured as access to electricity. Literature on financial and general poverty showed mixed results on household size and characteristics as a driver of poverty. We argue that household size and proportion of children in households are key variables associated with energy poverty in developing countries with lowest levels of electricity coverage. Our research approach treats electricity access as economic good and focuses on demand side – households. By utilizing census microdata across 69 non-OECD countries, our research provides large-scale analysis on household size and characteristics as a driver of energy poverty. We found that, in majority of low-income countries, same principles for general or financial poverty apply to energy poverty which is represented by negative effect of household size and proportion of children on energy poverty.
Subjective income, as measured by self-perceived financial sufficiency, is a critical determinant of well-being, including an individual's health and quality of life. This study investigates ...self-perceived financial sufficiency among the elderly population in Croatia and its demographic and socioeconomic correlates, drawing on data from a 2022 survey conducted as part of the SENIOR2030 project. Our findings reveal significant variations in self-perceived financial sufficiency across Croatian regions, age groups, duration of working life and other socioeconomic factors, with household characteristics playing an important role. Additionally, we found that objective income is positively associated with self-perceived financial sufficiency among the elderly in Croatia. As Croatia's population ages and single-person households become more prevalent, understanding how the elderly perceive their financial status and its impact on their quality of life is becoming increasingly important. While objective and subjective measures of income differ, both have significant and sometimes diverse effects on behaviour and well-being. Research surveys often use questions about self-perceived financial sufficiency providing valuable insights for informing public policies aimed at improving the well-being of the elderly population. Our findings contribute to the growing literature on the importance of subjective measures of income and their relationship with well-being among the elderly with some comparable results identified in other European countries. Keywords: subjective income, elderly population, socio-economic characteristics. Subjektivni dohodak, mjerena prema vlastitom opažanju o financijskoj dostatnosti, kljucna je odrednica dobrobiti uz zdravlje i kvalitetu života pojedinca. Ovaj rad istražuje financijsku dostatnost prema vlastitom opažanju starijeg stanovništva u Hrvatskoj i njezine demografske i socioekonomske korelacije na temelju podataka iz istraživanja provedenog 2022. godine u sklopu projekta SENIOR2030. Rezultati ukazuju na znacajne varijacije u financijskoj dostatnosti prema vlastitom opažanju diljem hrvatskih regija, dobnih skupina, duljine radnog staža i drugih socioekonomskih cimbenika, a karakteristike kucanstva imaju bitnu ulogu. Uz to, pokazalo se daje objektivni dohodak pozitivno povezan s financijskom dostatnošcu starijeg stanovništva u Hrvatskoj prema vlastitom opažanju. Kako stanovništvo Hrvatske stari a samacka kucanstva prevladavaju, sve je važnije razumjeti kako starije osobe shvacaju svoje financijsko stanje i njegov ucinak na kvalitetu njihova života. Iako se objektivne i subjektivne mjere dohotka razlikuju, obje imaju znacajne i ponekad razlicite ucinke na ponašanje i dobrobit. Istraživanja cesto koriste pitanja o financijskoj dostatnosti prema vlastitom opažanju, pružajuci dragocjen uvid za javne politike usmjerene na poboljšanje dobrobiti starijeg stanovništva. Rezultati našeg istraživanja doprinose rastucoj literaturi o važnosti subjektivnih mjera dohotka i njihovoj povezanosti s dobrobiti starijeg stanovništva uz neke usporedne rezultate koji su identificirani u drugim europskim zemljama. Kljucne rijeci: subjektivni dohodak, starije stanovništvo, socioekonomske karakteristike. JEL classification: C13, C83, J14.
Scientific research into the causes and consequences of migration is very complex and challenging. Although there is no database that connects the migration characteristics and consumption of ...households from which people emigrate, in this paper we have tried to indirectly approximate another push factor of migratory movements in Europe. Knowing that the economic forces behind migration are very strong, we further deepen them and explain them by the structure of consumption. The initial hypothesis that less developed European countries have greater financial pressure on the household budget, primarily on the basis of primary goods proved to be correct. Aggregate data shows that measure of food expenditures as a share of total consumption correlates with emigration rates. EU countries with the largest share of food and beverage expenditures also have the largest negative migration balances (Romania, Bulgaria, Lithuania, Latvia, and Croatia). Also, consumption of luxury goods is less represented in household consumption in these countries. In the context of greater financial pressure on the household, there are differences regarding the type of household. We found that households with three generations (grandparents, parents, and children), as well as those with children and students, had significantly higher mean consumption compared to mean income measured per household member. Weak purchasing power of the population of Croatia and other predominantly emigrant countries in Europe, can certainly be considered a relevant indicator and cause of economically conditioned migration among the countries of the European Union.
U radu se iznose procjene ukupnog broja stanovnika, dobno-spolnog sastava,
struktura obitelji i kućanstva te strukture stanovništva prema ekonomskoj
aktivnosti Grada Zagreba, sa stanjem u ožujku ...1941. i u listopadu 1945.
godine. Treba imati u vidu da 1941. godine nije bilo popisa stanovništva, pa
je jedan od značajnijih istraživačkih rezultata ovog rada, uz ostale, i procjena
ukupnog broja stanovnika i ekonomsko-socijalnih struktura u Gradu Zagrebu
netom pred početak Drugoga svjetskog rata. Procjene su napravljene na osnovi
izvornog arhivskog gradiva, koje obuhvaća oko 515 tisuća potrošačkih prijavnica
(tzv. potrošačkih kartica) pohranjenih u Državnom arhivu u Zagrebu. Za
1941. godinu procjene se temelje na potrošačkim prijavnicama za kućanstva,
u kojima se nalazi popis svih članova kućanstva s osnovnim demografskim i
ekonomsko-socijalnim obilježjima (oko 272 tisuće prijavnica). Procjena tematiziranih
veličina u listopadu 1945. godine polazi od potrošačkih prijavnica za
svaku osobu (oko 243 poimenične prijavnice), dakle ne više za kućanstva. Uz
ostalo, dobno-spolnim sastavom predočena je jednostavna, vrlo jasna i sažeta
demografska slika Grada Zagreba zabilježena na gotovo samom kraju Drugoga
svjetskog rata.
Need recognition for travelling or choosing a tourist destination is the first stage of the tourist destination choice process. This is the moment in which a tourist finds a significant difference ...between the actual and desired state. When this difference is greater than acceptable, there is a need for traveling. At this stage, tourists are influenced by internal sociodemographic factors, but also by external factors such as technology and social media. The focus of this paper are four sociodemographic features of the tourist - gender, age, degree of education and personal monthly income. We also analyse four social media platforms important for tourism and travel - Facebook, YouTube, TripAdvisor and Booking.com. The aim of this paper is to provide an insight into the attitudes of tourists regarding their socio-demographic characteristics and the importance attached to social media in the stage of need recognition for travel. Tourist attitudes have been collected through online survey on a sample of 1,057 Croatian tourists, who are also social media users. Research findings show that behaviour of tourists related to social media differs in terms of gender, age, education and income. In the stage of need recognition women attach greater importance to social media than men. Regarding the remaining three observed sociodemographic characteristics, research shows that older people, more educated and those with higher income, take social media as less important in need recognition for travel. On the other hand, younger tourists, less educated and with lower incomes, attach greater importance to social media in need recognition stage. This paper offers the first insight into the role of social media in the need recognition stage for travel and thus significantly contributes to the existing literature on consumer behaviour in tourism.
Despite considerable improvements in electricity coverage, millions of people are still lacking the access to electricity. Residential electricity access is a prerequisite for numerous aspects of ...increased well-being and quality of life. The aim of this paper is to identify key household characteristics that are linked to the energy poverty measured as access to electricity. Literature on financial and general poverty showed mixed results on household size and characteristics as a driver of poverty. We argue that household size and proportion of children in households are key variables associated with energy poverty in developing countries with lowest levels of electricity coverage. Our research approach treats electricity access as economic good and focuses on demand side – households. By utilizing census microdata across 69 non-OECD countries, our research provides large-scale analysis on household size and characteristics as a driver of energy poverty. We found that, in majority of low-income countries, same principles for general or financial poverty apply to energy poverty which is represented by negative effect of household size and proportion of children on energy poverty.
Demografija nije i ne smije biti ideologija, ni lijeva ni desna. Demografska problematika mora se promatrati kao upravljanje najvrjednijim kapitalom – ljudskim kapitalom.
Demografske promjene signifikantni su čimbenici međugeneracijskih materijalnih i nematerijalnih transfera koji se odvijaju u kućanstvu, ali i izvan njega. Analizom podataka anketnog istraživanja ...provedenog 2012. godine u sklopu znanstveno-istraživačkog projekta „Ekonomika starenja“ financiranog od strane Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, istraženi su uzorci međugeneracijskih financijskih transfera kod osoba starih 50 i više godina. Istraživanje je pokazalo da je potpora djeci dominantna, no nije zanemariv i udio transfera izvan obitelji, pa su tako osim očekivanih obiteljskih transfera relativno visoko zastupljeni i transferi izvan obitelji, odnosno kategoriji prijatelja i poznanika. Sve eksplanatorne varijable u logit modelu (spol, obrazovanje, broj djece i radni status) pokazale su se signifikantnima u donošenju odluke o pružanju materijalne pomoći kućanstva.
Demographic changes are significant factor affecting intergenerational financial and time transfers, whefiher fihey occur wifihin household or outside of it. By analysing data from questionnaire ...concluded in 2012 wifihin scientific research project "Economics of ageing", we evaluated patterns of intergenerational financial transfers in population aged 50 or over. fihe research concluded fihat child support is predominant, but transfers outside fihe family are also significant. Despite expected family transfers, fihere is also a relatively high proportion of transfers apart from family, respectively to friends and acquaintances. Every explanatory variable used in logit model (sex, education, number of children and work status) showed to be significant in household's decision to give financial help.
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